吉林省长春市实验中学 高考英语一轮复习 主谓一致 2 12页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 吉林省长春市实验中学 高考英语一轮复习 主谓一致 2 主谓一致(Subject- Verb Agreement)，指”人称”和”数方面的一致关系.如: He is going abroad. They are playing football. 可分为:语法一致, 内容一致, 就近一致. (一) 语法一致原则: 即主语为单数,谓语用单数,主语为复数,谓语也用复数. 以下为注意事项: 1. 单数主语即使后面带有 with , along with, together with, like(象), but ,except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引导的短语, 谓语动词仍用单数. 如: Air as well as water is matter. No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 2. 用 and 连接的并列主语,如果主语是同一个人,同一事,同一概念, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数. 如: The poet and writer has come. A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 用 and 连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体, 如:bread and butter(黄油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 3. 不定式(短语), 动名词(短语), 或从句作主语时, 谓语动词用单数. 如: Serving the people is my great happiness. When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided. 4. 用连接的并列主语被 each, every 或 no 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数. Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 5. each of + 复数代词, 谓语动词用单数. 复数代词+each, 谓语动词用单数.如: Each of us has something to say. 6. 若主语中有 more than one 或 many a/an , 尽管从意义上看是复数, 但它的谓语动词仍用单数。 但 more+ 复数名词+than one 做主语时, 谓语动词仍用复数. 如: Many a boy likes playing basketball. 7. none 做主语时,谓语动词可用单数, 也可用复数; 但在代表不可数的东西时总是看作单数,因而谓语动词要 用单数. 如:None of us are (is) perfect. 8. 名词如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主语时, 谓语动词必须用复数. 如: His clothes are good. 但这些名词前若出现 a pair of , 谓语一般用单数.如: A pair of glasses is on the desk. 9. 形复意单名词如:news ; 以 ics 结尾的学科名称如: physics, mathematics, economics; 国名如: the United States; 报纸名如: the New Times; 书名如: Arabian Night <天方夜谈>; 以及 The United Nations< 联合国> 等作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 10. “a +名词+and a half “, “one and a half + 名词”, “the number of + 名词” 等作主语时, 谓语 动词要用单数. 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table. 注意: one or two + 复数名词作主语, 谓语动词用复数形式, 如: One or two places have been visited. 参观了一两个地点。 (二) 内容一致原则: 1.主语中有 all, half, most, the rest 等 , 以及”分数或百分数+名词”做主语时,谓语动词单复数取决于连 用的名词.如: The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 2. 不定数量的词组, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of 等作主语时, 谓 语动词的单复数取决于量词后面名词的数.如: A part of the textbooks have arrived. A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 3. 加减乘除用单数.如: Fifteen minus five is ten . 15 减去 5 等于 10。 4. 表示时间, 金钱, 距离, 度量等的名词做主语时, 尽管是复数形式, 它们做为一个单一的概念时, 其谓语动 词用单数.如: Ten miles is a good distance. 5. (1) 通常作复数的集体名词. 包括 police , people, cattle 等, 这些集体名词通常用作复数.如: The British police have only very limited powers. (2) 通常作不可数名词的集体名词. 包括 equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等. (3) 可作单数也可作复数的集体名词. 包括 audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public 等.如: The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 6. the +形容词/过去分词形式”表示一类人或事物, 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数.如: The injured were saved after the fire. (三) 就近原则: 1. 由 here, there, where 等引导的倒装句中, (有时主语不止一个时)谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上一致.如 Here comes the bus. Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 2. 用连词 or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词与靠近它 的主语在数上一致。 如： Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it He or you have taken my pen. 注意: one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。如： Mary is one of those people who keep pets. The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中，定语从句的动词应为单数。 Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 巩固训练: 1. About 60 percent of the students _____ from the south, the rest of them _____ from the north and foreign countries. A. are/is B. are/are C. is/are D. are 2. Half of the workers here _____ under 30 _____. A. is/years B. are/year old C. is/years old D. are/years of age 3. Now Tom with his classmates _____ football on the playground. A. play B. are playing C. plays D. is playing 4. The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand. A. are B. has C. have D. is 5. Thirty dollars _____ too expensive. A. are B. is C. were D. be 6. The audience _____ so large that no seat was left unoccupied in the great hall. A. is B. are C. was D. has 7. The secretary and principal _____ at the meeting now. A. are speaking B. is speaking C. were making a speech D. have a speech 8. "If anybody _____, please put down _____ name," said the teacher to the monitor. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/their C. will buy the book/one's D. wants to have the book bought/her 9. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _____ in the room. A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left 10. Having arrived at the station, _____. A. it was found that the train had left B. the train had left C. the train was found left D. he found that the train had left 11. Between the two roads _____ a TV tower called "Skyscraper Tower". A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand 12. Either of you _____ going there tonight. A. will B. was C. is D. are 13. You as well _____ right. A. I are B. I am C. as I am D. as I are 14. All but Dick _____ in Class Three this term. A. are B. is C. were D. was 15. -- Shall I wait here for three hours? --Yes. Three hours _____ to wait for such a doctor. A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for you C. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you 16. “All ______present and all ______going on well”, our monitor said. A.is is B.are, are C.are is D.is are 17. I took mathematics and physics because I think that _____ very important for me to make further research in this field. A. what is B. they are C. this D. which are 18. Every student and every teacher _____. A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meeting C. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting 19. Three fourths of the bread _____ by Bob, and the rest of the bread _____ left on the table. A. was eaten/were B. were eaten/was C. were eaten/were D. was eaten/was 20. This pair of shoes _____. A. is her B. is hers C. are hers D. are her 名校模拟题 1.There ______ no life on the moon. A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to be 2.A group of ______ are eating ______ and ______ at the foot of the hill A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps grasses leaves C. sheep; grass leaf D. sheeps grass leafs 3.My family raise a lot of _______, including two______. A. cattles cows B. cows cattle C. cattle cows D. cow, cattles 4.What he says and what he does_______. A. does not agree B. do not agree C. does not agree with D. not agree 5.The boy and the girl each ______ toys. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 A. have their own B. has their own C. have her own D. has her own 6.She is the only one among the ______ writers who ______stories for children. A. woman, writes B. women write C. women writes D. woman write 7.The railway station is ______from our school. A. two hour`s drive B. two hours` drive C. two hour drive D. two hours drive 8.Mike and John`s ______. A. father is a teacher B. fathers are teachers C. father are teachers D. fathers are teacher 9.A great deal of talking and listening that ______ under casual circumstance may seem to be aimless. A. is occurred B. are occurred C. occurs D. occur 10._______ the classroom needs to be cleaned. A. Either the offices or B. The offices and C. Both the office and D. The office and 11. On the wall ________two large pictures. A. hangs B. hanged C. hanging D. hang 12. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, ____ on the project day and night to mee t the deadline. A. work B. working C. is working D. are working 13. Not only ______interested in football but ______beginning to show an interest in it. A. the teacher himself is … all his students are B. the teacher himself is …are all his students C. is the teacher himself …are all his students D. is the teacher himself …all his students are 14. ----“Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _____ to go to university.” ----“So do I.” A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hoped 15. E-mail, as well as telephone, ______ an important part in daily communication. A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. hoped 16. Books of this kind ______ well. A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold 17. Every possible means ______ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used 18. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ______ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided 19. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _____ absent for different reasons. A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were 20. ______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass. A. Two fifth…is B. Two fifth…are C. Two fifths…is D. Two fifths…are 21.All the employees except the manger_______to work online at home. A. encourages B.encourage C.is encouraged D. are encouraged 22.About 90 percent of the equipment presented by the administration，as well as the facilities of our own，_________ made good use of in teaching. A.have B .has C.have been D.has been 23.Large quantities of informafion，as well as methnely help______，since the organization was built. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 A has offered B.had been omred C.have been offered D.is offered 24. ________your brother or you to blame for the broken TV set? A.Be B.Are C Is D Were 25. More than one high official _______by the police since the mayor was shot dead. A.has been questioned B. have been questioned C. was questioned D.were questioned 主谓一致:巩固训练 1-5 BDDDB 6-10 CBACD 11-15 ACDAB 16-20 CBCDB 名校模拟 1-5 CACBA 6-10 CBACA 11-15 DCDBA 16-20 ACDCC 21-25 DDCCA 专题九 情态动词和虚拟语气 考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法 1.与现在事实相反的虚拟 语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时(be 动词用 were)+其他成分 +if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如： ①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party. A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.might not 解析 句意为：如果不是因为她不会唱歌的事实，我会邀请她来参加那次聚会的。that 从句为同位语从句， 描述的是事实，用陈述语气。正确答案为 C。 2. 与 过 去 事 实 相 反 的 虚 拟 语 气 ， 基 本 结 构 为 ： 主 语 + 动 词 的 过 去 完 成 时 + 其 他 成 分 +if+should/would/could...+have done+其他成分。例如： If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ______ all day. A.rained B.rains C.has rained D.is raining 解析 句意为：如果天气好的话，我们是能够去野餐的，但是下了一天的雨。句子前半部分陈述的是与过去 事实相反的事情，所以用了虚拟语气。“下了一天的雨”是事实，所以用陈述语气。因为是发生在过去的事实， 所以正确答案为 A。 3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分 +if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如： If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to T ibet and travel through as much of it as possible. A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to 解析 句意为：如果我能够计划做我想做的事情，我想去西藏并且尽可能多玩一些地方。句子描述的是与将 来事实相反的事情，所以正确答案为 B。 考点二、含蓄虚拟条件句 这样的虚拟句不含有 if 从句，而是以 but for/without/or/otherwise 等引导的句子代替 if 从句，主句的 谓语动词的形式与前面虚拟语气的基本用法相同。例如： Thank you for all your hard work last week.I don’t think we ______ it without you. A.can manage B.could have managed C.could managed D.can have managed 解析 由语境可知这里要表达的意思是：如果没有你们辛勤的工作，我们不可能处理好这件事。很显然，这 是对过去发生的事实的虚拟，所以要用 could have done，故应选 B。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如： It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven， with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldn’t have fallen B.had not fallen C.should fall D.were to fall 解析 句意为：如果不是我在七岁时爱上家乡的 Melinda Cox 图书馆的话，很难想象今天的我会是什么样子。 主句描述的是与现在事实相反的事情，从句描述的是与过去事实相反的事情。正确答案为 B。 考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在 it 做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语 补足语是 necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame 等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义 时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中 should 可以省略。例如： —Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York? —I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to. A.will not be sent;that B.not be sent;that C.should not be sent;what D.should not send;what 解析 问句句意为：难道你不认为必须把他送到迈阿密而不是纽约吗?句子表示理应如此的意思。正确答案 为 B。 情态动词考点透析 考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查 情态动词的基本含义，一直 是高考考查的重要内容。例如： 1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______get out. A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could 解析：考查情态动词的基本含义。had to：不得不; would：表示意愿或过去常常;could 倾向于表示经过长 期训练而获得的能力;was able to 表示经过努力而能够做到的事或成功地做了某事。因此，答案是 C。 分析：高考对情态动词基本含义的考查，仍然集中在常用的情态动词上。对常用情态动词的含义，要掌握 的既准确又要全面，特别是 shall, should, can, may 四个常用情态动词的含义较多，不易理解，复习时应当 引起重视。 二、情态动词表示推测的考查 对情态动词表示推测的用法，是高考考查情态动词的一个重要方面。例如： 1. Sorry, I’m late. I______have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again . A. might B. should C. can D. will 解析：might have done : (过去)可能做过某事;shouldhave done :本应该做某事。根据本句提供的情境 I’m late 表明说话人可能把闹钟关上了。答案是：A。 分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在 must, can, could, may, might 上，准确掌握它们使用的场合， 是解决问题的关键。Must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测;can, could 用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推 测;may, might 用于陈述句，表示可能性推测;用于否定陈述句中，c an’t (不可能)的语气比 may not(可能不) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 强。此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ，对现在推测用情态 动词+ 动词原形。 三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查 情态动词+have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要 方面。 1. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You______come, but why didn’t you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have 解析：ought to have done 表示本来应该做某事而实际没做，should do 表示现在应该做某事，与题中 at yesterday’s party 表示的时间不一致。所以选 D。 分析：高考对情态动词表示虚拟‘用法，表示与过去事实相反的情况。近几年高考，主要侧重 should (not)have done 这一句式上，表示本来不该做却做了或本来该做却未做的事，在复习时，还应关注其它几种虚 拟形式，如 need (not)have done 表示本来需要做而未做或本来不需要而做的事等等，以做到有备无患。 考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查 1.Tom ,you didn’t come to the party last night? —I______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do . A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t 解析：had to:不得不;didn’t:没来;was going to：打算来;wouldn’t:不愿来。句意：——汤姆，昨晚 你没来参加舞会吗?——我本打算来，但我突然记起有作业要做。But 是关键词，所以答案是：C。 2.Your phone number again? I______quite catch it . —It’s 86184867. A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t 【精选试题】 名校模拟题及其答案 1. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.” A. do B. did C. had D. would 2. If I hadn’t been lucky enough to meet you. I really _____ what I would have done. A. don’t know B. hadn’t known C. wasn’t knowing D. wouldn’t know 3. “I’ve told everyone about it.” “Oh, I’d rather you _____.” A. don’t B. hadn’t C. couldn’t D. wouldn’t 4. It has been raining for a day, but even though it hadn’t rained, we _____ there by tomorrow. A. can’t get B. won’t get C. hadn’t got D. wouldn’t get 5. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.” A. knew, live B. knew, lives 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 C. know, lives D. know, lived 6. “Isn’t it about time you _____ to do morning exercises?” “Yes, it is. Would you like to join us?” A. begin B. have begun C. began D. had begun 7. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 8. He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he ____ a goal. A. had scored B. scored C. would score D. would have scored 9. If only he _______ quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 10. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 11. I forget where I read the article, or I _____ it to you now. w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.m A. will show B. would show C. am going to show D. am showing 12. “It looks a s if he were drunk.” “So it does. _____.” A. He’d better give up drinking B. He shouldn’t have drunk so much C. Health is more important than drink D. I wonder why he is always doing so 13. “Mary looks hot and dry” “So _____ you if you had so high a fever.” A. do B. are C. will D. would 14. “He will come tomorrow.” “But I’d rather he _____ the day after tomorrow.” A. will come B. is coming C. came D. had come 15. All the doctors in the hospital insisted that he ____ badly wounded and that he ____ at once. A. should be; be operated on B. were; must be operated on C. was; should be operated D. was; be operated on 16. ______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.m 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 C. Did he give D. If he gave up 17. “I still haven’t thanked Aunt Lucy for her present.” “It’s time you _____.” A. do B. did C. had D. would 18. “Do you know his address?” “No, I also wish I _____ where he _____.” A. knew, live B. knew, lives w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.m C. know, lives D. know, lived 19. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.m A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall 20. Without the air to hold some of the sun’s heat, the earth at night ____ for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. will be freezing coldly C. would be frozen cold D. can freeze coldly 21.________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 22.You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would 23.—Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report. —You _____have my computer if you don’t take care of it . A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 24. He _____ have completed his work; oth erwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside. A. should B. must C. wouldn’t D. can’t 25. I __ ____ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldn’t B. couldn’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t 26. There _____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 27. I was on the highway when this car went past fol. Lowed by a police car. They ______ at least 150 kilometers an hour. A. should have been doing B. must have been doing C. could have done D. would have done 28. — I’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake. — It ______ Harry’s. He always wears green. A. has to be B. will be C. mustn’t be D. could be 29. — Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. — Thanks. You ______ it. I could manage it myself. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 A. needn’t do B. needn’t have done C. mustn’t do D. shouldn’t have done 30. — Lucy doesn’t mind lending you her dictionary. — She _______. I’ve already borrowed one. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t 【答案与解析】 1. 【解析】选 B.It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照 英语语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。 2. 【解析】选 A.虽然前有虚拟条件句, 后有使用了虚拟语气的宾语，但 I don’t know 却宜用一般现在时， 因为 I don’t know 表述的是现在的真实情况，句意为“我要不是有幸遇到你，我真不知(指现在不知)我会做 出什么蠢事来”。 3. 【解析】选 B.I’d rather 后接从句时，从句谓语的时态规律是：用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成 式表示过去。 4. 【解析】选 A.we can’t get there by tomorrow 为客观事实，故宜用陈述语气。 5. 【解析】选 B.第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第 二空要填 lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he lives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。 6. 【解析】选 C.It’s time… / It’s high time… / It’s about time… 等后接从句时，从句谓语通常 用过去式。 7. 【解析】选 B.此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要 不是在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。 8. 【解析】8. 选 D.这是 otherwise 引出的含蓄虚拟语气，再根据前面的 hesitated 可进一步知道这是与过 去事实相反的虚拟语气，由此可推知答案选 D. 9. 【解析】选 C.if only 意为“要是……就好了”，其后的句子谓语要用虚拟语气，同时根据 as the doctor instructed 中的过去时态可知从句是与过去事实相反，故选 C. 10. 【解析】选 A.without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。 【答案】C 11. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 【解析】.根据上文的语境可知句中的 or 隐含有一个虚拟的条件，即 or=if I didn’t forget where I read the article(要是我没忘记我在哪儿读过这篇文章的话——但事实上忘了)。 【答案】B 12. 【解析】关键信息是 It looks as if he were drunk 中的虚拟语气，句子既然用了虚拟语气，也就是说， “他喝醉了”不是事实，只是他的言行好像是醉了，所以此题的最佳答案是 D. 【答案】 D. 13. 【解析】 由于空格后的 if 条件状语从句的谓语用的是虚拟语气(这是很重要的信息)，所以主句要用 would 而不用 will，即答案应选 D. 【答案】D 14. 【解析】按照英语习惯，would rather 后接 that 从句时，从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气，即用过去式表示 现在或将来， 用过去完成时表示过去。w.w.w.zxxk.c.o.m 【答案】C 15. 【解析】insist 后的从句谓语有时用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气，有时不用，具体要看该谓语动 词所表示的含义。一般说来，若该谓语动词所表示的动作尚未发生，或尚未成为事实，则用虚拟语气;若该谓语 动词所表示的动作已经发生，或已经成为事实，则要用陈述语气。分析上题的句意，可知只有选 D 最合适。 【答案】D 16. 【解析】是因为时态前后有矛盾。由于主句谓语是 would not have got，这表明是对过去事实作出的假设， 所以从句谓语应该是 had given up，而不是像 D 项那样用一般过去时。另外，当虚拟条件句中有 had, should, were 等词时，通常可以省略 if，并将 had, should, were 提前置于句首。 【答案】B 17. 【解析】It’s time you did 为 It’s time you thanked Aunt Lucy for her present 之略。按照英语 语法，it’s time 后从句通常要用过去式。 【答案】B 18. 【解析】第一空填 knew，因为 I wish 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气(即用过去式表示现在的想法);第二空 要填 lives，即用陈述语气，因为 where he l ives 是一个客观事实，而不是 I wish 的内容。 【答案】B 19. 【解析】 此题涉及错综时间虚拟条件句，主句与现在事实相反，条件句与过去事实相反。句意为：要不是 在七岁时就迷上了 Melinda Cox 图书馆，我真不能想像我如今会在做什么。 【答案】B 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 12 20. 【解析】without 引出的介词短语为一个与现在事实相反的含蓄条件句。 【答案】A 21. 【解析】句意：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。 【答案】B 22. 【解析】句意：你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。 【答案】C 23. 【解析】shall 此处表示“警告”。 【答案】A 24. 【解析】B 此处考查情态动词表示推测的用法。should have done 表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，因此 淘汰 A 项。would 不用来表推测，因此淘汰 C 项。B 基与 D 项虽然都可以表示推测，但 B 项表肯定意义而 D 项表 示否定推测，意为“不可能”，根据句意：他肯定已完成了他的工作;不然，他就不会在海边玩得那么愉快了。 可知此处需要肯定意义，因此淘汰 D 项。 25. 【 解析】B 本题考查情态动词的用法。must 表示推测只能用于肯定句，否定句用 can 或 could 代替。 shouldn’t have done 表示“本来不该而实际上却做了某事”.needn’t have done 表示“本来不必而实际上 却做了”均不合题意。本句的意思是：当事故发生时我不可能超过 6 岁。 26. 【解析】C should(按道理)应该;句意：既然你在驾校时做了大量练习，那么通过这次考试理不应该有困难。 27. 【解析】B 第一句话使用了一般过去时，由此可知第二句话是对过去事情的猜测，需用 must have done. 本题意为“我正在高速公路上行驶，这时一辆警车跟随着着这辆车从旁边经过。它们一定是以至少每小时 150 公里的速度行驶。”故选 B。A 项表示“本应该……”，C 项表示“本能够……”不合题意。 28. 【解析】D 本题考查情态动词的用法。句意是“我错拿了别人的绿色 毛衣”，“那可能是 Harry 的，他总 是穿绿色的毛衣”。四个选项中 could 表示推测。mustn’t 表示 “禁止”;has to 表示“不得不”;will 表推 测时，表“肯定“语气太强。 29. 【解析】B 根据句意可知 Catherine 对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方本来不必为她打扫房间。很 显然对方打扫房间是过去所为，表达“去不必做某事”用 needn’t have done sth. 30. 【解析】C 本题考查情态动词，从答语的后半句“我已经借到一本字典了”，可知前半句为“不必了”。故 C 正确。