【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习强化训练：专题1阅读理解1 17页

第一编　专题一　考点1‎ 真题题组 A ‎(2017·全国Ⅰ，B)‎ I work with Volunteers for Wildlife，a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley.Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking； survival is never certain.However，when it works，it is simply beautiful.‎ I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl (猫头鹰)on the ground.When I arrived，I saw a 2－to 3－week－old owl.It had already been placed in a carrier for safety.‎ I examined the chick(雏鸟)and it seemed fine.If I could locate the nest，I might have been able to put it back，but no luck.My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree.‎ The homeowner was very helpful.A wire basket was found.I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable.I placed the chick in the nest，and it quickly calmed down.‎ Now all that was needed were the parents，but they were absent.I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks.These advertise the presence of chicks to adults；they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well.I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring.‎ A nervous night to be sure，but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all！ The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings.I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active.And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all—LUNCH ！ The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so.‎ 文章大意：这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者作为一个野生动物救助和教育机构的志愿者，成功救助一只猫头鹰雏鸟的经历。‎ ‎❶　What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1？ __A__‎ A．Efforts made in vain.‎ B．Getting injured in his work.‎ C．Feeling uncertain about his future.‎ D．Creatures forced out of their homes.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段的“Trying to help injured，displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；survival is never certain”‎ 可知，救助野生动物有时会让人感到心碎，因为即使努力挽救它们，也不能保证它们都会活下来。故选A。‎ ‎❷　Why was the author called to Muttontown？ __C__‎ A．To rescue a woman. B．To take care of a woman.‎ C．To look at a baby owl. D．To cure a young owl.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段的“I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown.She had found a young owl(猫头鹰)on the ground”可知，这位女士给作者打电话是为了让他来看一看一只猫头鹰雏鸟。故选C。‎ ‎❸　What made the chick calm down？ __A__‎ A．A new nest. 　 B．Some food.‎ C．A recording. D．Its parents.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段的“I put some pine branches into the basket to make this nest safe and comfortable...it quickly calmed down”可知，作者做的鸟巢非常舒服，所以把这只猫头鹰雏鸟放进去后，它很快安静下来。故选A。‎ ‎❹　How would the author feel about the outcome of the event？ __B__‎ A．It’s unexpected. B．It’s beautiful.‎ C．It’s humorous. D．It’s discouraging.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据最后一段可知，通过播放猫头鹰雏鸟饥饿时发出的叫声的录音，这只猫头鹰雏鸟最终与它的父母团聚，而且它的父母开始给它喂食，再结合第一段最后一句“However，when it works，it is simply beautiful”可判断，作者付出的努力没有白费，因而结果是美好的。故选B。‎ B ‎(2017·北京，B)‎ Inspiring young minds！‎ TOKNOW Magazine is a big hit in the world of children’s publishing，bringing a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month.‎ What is so special about TOKNOW Magazine？‎ Well，it has no ads or promotions inside—instead it is jam－packed with serious ideas.TOKNOW makes complex ideas attractive and accessible to children，who can become involved in advanced concepts and even philosophy(哲学)—and they will soon discover that TOKNOW feels more like a club than just a magazine.　What’s inside？‎ Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles，experiments and creative things to make—the magazine also explores philosophy and wellbeing to make sure young readers have a balanced take on life.‎ Sounds too good to be true？‎ Take a look online—evidence shows that thousands of teachers and parents know a good thing when they see it and recommend TOKNOW to their friends.‎ Happy Birthday All Year！‎ What could be more fun than a gift that keeps coming through the letterbox every month？ The first magazine with your gift message will arrive in time for the special day.‎ ‎——————————————————————————————————————————————————‎ SUBSCRIBE NOW ‎□Annual Subscription Europe ￡55 Rest of World ￡65‎ ‎□Annual Subscription with Gift Pack Includes a Mammoth Map，a Passport Puzzle Booklet，and Subscription Europe ￡60 Rest of World ￡70‎ Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back.‎ 文章大意：这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了TOKNOW杂志的内容、订购价格和退订等方面的信息。‎ ‎❺　Why is TOKNOW a special magazine？ __D__‎ A．It entertains young parents.‎ B．It provides serious advertisements.‎ C．It publishes popular science fictions.‎ D．It combines fun with complex concepts.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“a unique combination of challenging ideas and good fun to young fans every month”可知，TOKNOW杂志的特殊之处在于它将趣味性与有挑战性的、复杂的概念结合起来。故选D。‎ ‎❻　What does TOKNOW offer its readers？ __B__‎ A．Online courses. B．Articles on new topics.‎ C．Lectures on a balanced life. D．Reports on scientific discoveries.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据What’s inside？部分中的“Every month the magazine introduces a fresh new topic with articles，experiments and creative things to make”可知，TOKNOW杂志刊载关于新话题的文章。故选B。‎ ‎❼　How much should you pay if you make a 12－month subscription to TOKNOW ‎ with gift pack from China. __D__‎ A．￡55. B．￡60. ‎ C．￡65. D．￡70.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据Annual Subscription with Gift Pack部分中的“Rest of World ￡70”可知，在中国按年订购有礼包的TOKNOW杂志需要￡70。故选D。‎ ‎❽　Subscribers of TOKNOW would get __B__.‎ A．free birthday presents B．full refund within 28 days C．membership of the TOKNOW club D．chances to meet the experts in person 解析：考查细节理解。根据文中的“Refund Policy—the subscription can be cancelled within 28 days and you can get your money back”可知，28天之内退订的订购者可以获得全额退款。故选B。‎ C ‎(2017·浙江，B)‎ Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.According to a new survey(调查) by the National Sleep Foundation，51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights，even though they have to get up early.Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7－to 12－year－olds said they felt tired during the day，and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.‎ How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age.Babies need a lot of rest：most of them sleep about 18 hours a day！ Adults need about eight hours.For most school－age children，ten hours is ideal(理想的).But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10－to 12－year－olds get only seven or eight hours.And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime？ Watch TV.‎ ‎“More children are going to bed with TVs on，and there are more opportunities (机会)to stay awake，with more homework，the Internet and the phone，” says Dr.Mary Carskadon，a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School.She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.Other experts say part of the problem is chemical.Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers’ bodies develop adult characteristics，but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.‎ Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers，some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to.Three years ago，schools in Edina，Minnesota，changed the start time from 7：25 am to 8：30 am.Students，parents and teachers are pleased with the results.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章指出美国孩子睡眠缺乏的问题，列举了不同年龄段的孩子所需的睡眠时间、青少年晚睡的原因以及学校为解决青少年的睡眠问题所采取的措施。‎ ‎❾　What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on？ __A__‎ A．American kids’ sleeping habits.‎ B．Teenagers’ sleep－related diseases.‎ C．Activities to prevent sleeplessness.‎ D．Learning problems and lack of sleep.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第一段列举的一系列数字可知，国家睡眠基金会对一定年龄段孩子的睡眠习惯进行了调查，这也呼应了本段第一句“Getting less sleep has become a bad habit for most American kids.”，故选A项。‎ 　How many hours of sleep do 11－year－olds need every day？ __C__‎ A．7 hours. B．8 hours.‎ C．10 hours. D．18 hours.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段第四句“For most school－age children，ten hours is ideal(理想的).”可知选C项。‎ 　Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon？ __B__‎ A．They are affected by certain body chemicals.‎ B．They tend to do things that excite them.‎ C．They follow their parents’ examples.‎ D．They don’t need to go to school early.‎ 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句“More children are going to bed with TVs On，and there are more opportunities to stay awake，with more homework，the Internet and the phone..，”以及第二句“...these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep.”可知，孩子们在睡觉前看电视、写作业、上网或打电话都容易让他们产生兴奋感而不愿意睡觉，故选B项。‎ D ‎(2017·全国Ⅲ，A)‎ San Francisco Fire Engine Tours San_Francisco_Winery_Tour Running：February 1st through April 30th This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF.Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in ticket price)‎ Departing from the Cannery：Tour times upon request Duration (时长)： 2 hours Price： $ 90‎ Back_to_the_Fifties_Tour Running： August 16th through August 31 st This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods，the 1950s！ Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream.‎ Departing from the Cannery：5：00 pm and 7：30 pm Duration ：2 hours Price： $ 90‎ Spooky_Halloween_Tour Running： October 10th through October 31 st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district.Authentic fire gear(服装) is provided for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco.‎ Departing from the Cannery： 6： 30 pm and 8： 30 pm Duration： 1 hour and 30 minutes Price： Available upon request Holiday_Lights_Tour Running：December 6th through December 23rd This attractive tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes.Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit.‎ Departing from the Cannery：7：00 pm and 9：00 pm Duration： 1 hour and 30 minutes Advance reservations required.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇应用文，介绍了旧金山的四种消防车之旅。‎ 　Which of the tours is available in March？ __A__‎ A．San Francisco Winery Tour. B．Back to the Fifties Tour.‎ C．Spooky Halloween Tour. D．Holiday Lights Tour.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。题干问的是三月份可参加的旅行，而第一个项目San Francisco Winery Tour的时间是从2月1日到4月30日。故选A。‎ 　What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tour？ __C__‎ A．Go to Treasure Island. B．Enjoy the holiday scenes.‎ C．Have free ice cream. D．Visit the Presidio district.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。第二个项目Back to the Fifties Tour中提到在San Francisco你能免费品尝冰淇淋。而其他选项在这个旅行中没有被提到。故选C。‎ 　What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour？ __D__‎ A．Take some drinks. B．Set off early in the morning.‎ C．Wear warm clothes. D．Make reservations in advance.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。第四个项目Holiday lights Tour的最后一句话提到“Advance reservations required”，由此可知，该旅行需要提前预订。故选D。‎ E ‎(2018·全国Ⅱ，D)‎ We’ve all been there： in a lift，in line at the bank or on an airplane，surrounded by people who are，like us，deeply focused on their smartphones or，worse，struggling with the uncomfortable silence.‎ What’s the problem？ It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence.It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging，or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary.But the next time you find yourself among strangers，consider that small talk is worth the trouble.Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.‎ Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy，but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication，says Bernardo Carducci，director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains.“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others，not just communicate with them.”‎ In a 2014 study，Elizabeth Dunn，associate professor of psychology at UBC，invited people on their way into a coffee shop.One group was asked to seek out an interaction (互动) with its waiter； the other，to speak only when necessary.The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience.“It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband ，” says Dunn.“But interactions with peripheral (边缘的)members of our social network matter for our well－being also.”‎ Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging，a bond with others.Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk.“Small talk is the basis of good manners，” he says.‎ 文章大意：研究表明，闲聊对于人际交往起着重要的作用。‎ 　What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph？ __C__‎ A．Addiction to smartphones.‎ B．Inappropriate behaviours in public places.‎ C．Absence of communication between strangers.‎ D．Impatience with slow service.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。文章第一段描述了在公共场所人们之间不互相交流的现象，本段中的“uncomfortable silence”与选项C中的“Absence of communication”相呼应。‎ 　What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci？ __B__‎ A．Showing good manners. B．Relating to other people.‎ C．Focusing on a topic. D．Making business deals.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others，not just communicate with them”可知，Carducci认为成功的闲聊的关键在于学会与其他人沟通。‎ 　What does the coffee－shop study suggest about small talk？ __D__‎ A．It improves family relationships.‎ B．It raises people’s confidence.‎ C．It matters as much as a formal talk.‎ D．It makes people feel good.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段第三句“The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience”可知，闲聊使得人们感觉良好。故选D项。‎ 　What is the best title for the text？ __C__‎ A．Conversation Counts B．Ways of Making Small Talk C．Benefits of Small Talk D．Uncomfortable Silence 解析：考查标题判断。通读全文可知，文章主要讨论了闲聊在人际交往中的重要作用。故C项作本文标题最佳。‎ 模拟题组 A ‎(2018·石家庄二模)‎ Best Science Books of 2017‎ At its heart，science is about curiosity.So it stands to reason that these books about science should make you examine your world more closely，and in doing so，give you a sense of wonder.‎ Big Chicken，by Maryn McKenna Investigative journalist Maryn McKenna uses the modern industrial chicken as a window into how antibiotics (抗生素) transformed modern agriculture—for good and ill.She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health，causing serious problems from antibiotic－resistant stomach infections to UTIs.Recognizing that Americans are going to continue to eat chicken no matter what，McKenna suggests a way in which factory farming rids itself of its dependence on antibiotics.‎ Why Time Flies，by Alan Burdick The New Yorker staff writer Alan Burdick examines the greatest gift humanity has ever known：time.Time，he writes，appears to exist in two distinct forms.One is the standardized，objective kind found in clocks and watches； the other is our internal，biological sense of time，the one we measure in our cells，bodies and minds.But the closer he looks，the less clear this distinction appears.‎ Paleoart，by Zoё Lescaze Dinosaurs have long captured the imaginations of scientists and artists alike，and Paleoart brings those visions together in a blend of human knowledge and creativity.‎ These images not only show our changing understanding of dinosaurs but also reflect the distinct artistic sensibility of their time.Both artistic and educational，these pictures are certainly influential.‎ What It’s Like to Be a Dog，by Gregory Berns Berns，a neuroscientist，trained dogs to sit in a machine in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time.That pioneering work inspired him to dig deeper into the minds of other animals，from sea lions to the extinct thylacine(袋狼).Berns says，“ With their ability to think，choose and feel，dogs and other animals do not deserve the cruel treatment humans so often do to them.”‎ 文章大意：本文是说明文，介绍了2017年四本最佳科学图书——Big Chicken，Why Time Flies，Paleoart和What It’s Like to Be a Dog的作者、简介等相关内容。‎ ‎❶　Which book has something to do with public health？ __A__‎ A．Big Chicken. B．Why Time Flies.‎ C．Paleoart. D．What It’s Like to Be a Dog.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词health定位到第一本书Big Chicken。根据该部分中的“She traces how animal antibiotics endanger human health，causing serious problems from antibiotic－resistant stomach infections to UTIs”可知，这本书是有关人类健康的。故答案是A。‎ ‎❷　Who writes about time？ __B__‎ A．Maryn McKenna. B．Alan Burdick.‎ C．Zoё Lescaze. D．Gregory Berns.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词time定位到第二本书Why Time Flies。根据书名右侧的“by Alan Burdick”可知答案是B。‎ ‎❸　What was Bern’ pioneering work？ __C__‎ A．Training dogs. B．Studying extinct animals.‎ C．Observing dog brains. D．Fighting for animal rights.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据题干中的关键词Berns’ pioneering work定位到第四本书What It’s Like to Be a Dog。该部分中的“That pioneering work”指向“in order to look into the brains of conscious dogs for the first time”，故这项开创性的工作是观察狗的大脑，故答案是C。‎ B ‎(2018·太原市二模)‎ Located in Los Angeles，University of Southern California is in the heart of a leading city.Although LA ranks highly in The Economist’s Safe Cities Inde，navigating any city calls for certain safety precautions(预防措施) along with practicing common sense.‎ Mobile Safety App Powered by LiveSafe The Mobile Safety App powered by LiveSafe，managed by the USC Department of Public Safety and the USC Department of Emergency Planning，is a free downloadable app that mobile users can use to initiate contact with emergency responders around the campus.Features include： immediate “push button” calls to DPS，easy reporting for suspicious activity or crimes in progress，and location services to notify friends of your route through campus.‎ Blue Light Phone Locations The University Park has multiple blue light phones that are strategically placed throughout campus.Take note of where the closest ones are on your route.They come in handy in case you lose your phone or in an emergency.These phones are directly connected to USC Department of Public Safety’s 24－hour communications center.Besides emergency needs，it can also be used to report suspicious activity，request for an escort (护卫者) if you feel unsafe and to report a crime.‎ TrojansAlert TrojansAlert is an emergency notification system that allows university officials to contact you during an emergency by sending messages via text messages or email.When an emergency occurs，authorized USC senders will instantly notify you of real－time updates，instructions on where to go，what to do(or what not to do)，whom to contact and other important information.All members of the USC community，as well as parents and regular visitors to campus，are strongly encouraged to sign up for TrojansAlert.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了洛杉矶南加利福尼亚大学在校园里采取的一系列安全预防措施，包括在手机中免费下载安全应用软件、在校园内安装蓝光电话等。‎ ‎❹　What do blue light phones do for students？ __D__‎ A．Guide students through campus.‎ B．Alert students to crime activities.‎ C．Light up the way if students feel unsafe.‎ D．Connect them with the safety department.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段第四句“These phones are directly connected to USC ‎ Department of Public Safety’s 24－hour communications center”可知，这些蓝光电话和南加利福尼亚大学公共安全部24小时保持联系，故D项正确。‎ ‎❺　How does USC send out instructions during an emergency？ __B__‎ A．With blue light phones. B．Via text messages or email.‎ C．Through Mobile Safety App. D．By calling all USC members.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段第一句“TrojansAlert is an emergency notification system that allows university officials to contact you during an emergency by sending messages via text messages or email”并结合第二句内容可知，当发生紧急情况时，大学官员将通过发送电子邮件或短信来联系你，故B项正确。‎ ‎❻　What is the purpose of the text？ __C__‎ A．To encourage students to fight crime.‎ B．To introduce USC’s safety department.‎ C．To provide safety services for USC students.‎ D．To inform parents of safety risks on campus.‎ 解析：考查写作意图。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了洛杉矶南加利福尼亚大学在校园里采取的一系列安全预防措施，包括在手机中免费下载安全应用软件、在校园内安装蓝光电话等，故C项正确。‎ C ‎(2018·广州市二模)‎ Zoo Exhibit Game Each animal exhibit will have information about the animals located there.You will get to learn about each animal’s habitat，their conservation status and some other facts.As you explore the zoo，check off all the endangered animals you discover from the list below.Find them all and win a free T－shirt.‎ ‎◆Mountain Gorilla ‎◆Chinese Alligator ‎◆Snow Leopard ‎◆White－Winged Wood Duck ‎◆Red Panda ‎◆Giant Turtle ‎◆Koala ‎◆Tree Kangaroo ‎◆Red Wolf ‎◆Tiger Snake ‎◆African Wild Dog ‎◆Giant Anteater Zoo Manners The zoo is a smoke－free area.No balloons，balls，bikes，or roller skates allowed.Pets are not allowed—excepting guide dogs for blind people.Stay on the pathways and do not place children on the railings.Do not throw anything into the animal exhibits.Please help our conservation efforts by depositing trash and recyclables properly.‎ Lost Persons If separated from your group，ask any zoo employee or security guard for immediate assistance，or go directly to the Administration Building reception desk.‎ Facilities and Services Enjoy a delicious meal at one of our two animal－themed café restaurants.Our Visitor Centre offers cards，books and toys so you can always remember your day at the zoo.There is also an hourly animal presentation near the Main Entrance where you can learn more about the animals，pet them and even take a picture with them.‎ Thank you for visiting.Your visit helps support the care of the animals.‎ 文章大意：本篇文章主要对一家动物园进行了简单的介绍。‎ ‎❼　How can a person get a free T－shirt at the zoo？ __D__‎ A．Follow all the zoo rules.‎ B．Visit all the zoo’s exhibits.‎ C．Bring along another guest.‎ D．Identify all the animals in danger in the list.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一部分Zoo Exhibit Game中的“As you explore the zoo，check off all the endangered animals you discover from the list below.Find them all and win a free T－shirt”并结合题干可知，免费得到T－shirt的条件是能够在动物园中找出表中所列的所有的濒危动物，故选D。‎ ‎❽　Where should a lost person go for help？ __C__‎ A．The Main Entrance. B．The Visitor Centre.‎ C．The Administration Building. D．The Nursing Centre.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据Lost Persons部分中的“If separated from your group，ask any zoo employee or security guard for immediate assistance，or go directly to the Administration Building reception desk”可知，一个人迷路了可以向动物园的职员、保安或者行政大楼接待处寻求帮助，故选C。‎ ‎❾　What of the following is allowed at the zoo？ __B__‎ A．Riding your bike. B．Taking your camera.‎ C．Feeding the animals. D．Smoking cigarettes.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据Facilities and Services部分中的第三句“There is also an hourly animal presentation near the Main Entrance where you can learn more about the animals，pet them and even take a picture with them”可知，参观动物园时是可以携带相机的，故选B。‎ D ‎(2018·郑州市一模)‎ Imagine you’re standing in line to buy a snack at a store.You step up to the counter and the cashier scans your food.Next，you have to pay.But instead of scanning a QR code(二维码) with your smartphone，you just hold out your hand so the cashier can scan your fingerprint.Or，a camera scans your face，your eyes or even your ear.‎ Now，this type of technology might not be far away.As technology companies move away from the traditional password，biometric (生物特征识别的) security，which includes fingerprints，faces and voice ID，is becoming increasingly popular.‎ In 2013，Apple introduced the iPhone 5s，one of the first smartphones with a fingerprint scanner.Since then，using one’s fingerprint to unlock a phone and make mobile payments has become a commonplace，bringing convenience to our lives.And since 2016，Samsung has featured eye－scanning technology in its top smartphones，while Apple’s new iPhone X can even scan a user’s face.But despite its popularity，experts warn that biometrics might not be as secure as we imagine.“Biometrics is ideally good in practice，not so much，”said John Michener，a biometrics expert.‎ When introducing the new iPhone’s face ID feature，Phil Schiller，Apple’s senior vice－president，said，“The chance that a random person in the population could look at your iPhone X and unlock it with their face is about one in a million.”But it’s already been done.In a video posted on a community website Reddit，two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face.And they aren’t even twins.‎ ‎“We may expect too much from biometrics，” Anil Jain，a computer science professor at Michigan State University，told CBS News.“No security systems are perfect.” ‎ Earlier last year，Jain found a way to trick biometric security.Using a printed copy of a thumbprint，she was able to unlock a dead person’s smartphone for the police，according to a tech website Splinter.“It’s good to see biometrics being used more，”Jain told CBS News，“because it adds another factor for security.But using multiple security measures is the best defense.”‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了生物测量术的应用及其存在的一些安全问题。‎ 　Which is the latest identification technology in a smartphone according to the passage？ __A__‎ A．Face scanning. B．Eye scanning.‎ C．QR code scanning. D．Fingerprint scanning.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第三段可知，2013年iPhone 5s使用了指纹扫描；2016年三星在智能手机上运用了眼部扫描技术，而iPhone X甚至可以扫描用户的脸。所以，在智能手机中最新的识别技术应是面部识别。‎ 　What is a major problem of the iPhone X’s face ID system？ __D__‎ A．It takes too long to unlock the phone.‎ B．It often fails to recognize its owner’s face.‎ C．Face data can be used for other purposes.‎ D．Different faces can be used to unlock the same phone.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“two brothers showed how they were each able to unlock the same iPhone X using their own face.And they aren’t even twins”可知，iPhone X的面部识别技术的问题是不同的脸可以解锁同一部手机。‎ 　What is Anil Jain’s opinion about biometric security？ __D__‎ A．It is as secure as traditional measures.‎ B．It is perfect without much improvement.‎ C．It has caused much trouble for the police.‎ D．It should be used with other security measures.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据最后一段最后一句中的“because it adds another factor for security.But using multiple security measures is the best defense”可知，Anil Jain认为生物测量术应该与其他保护措施一起使用。‎ 　What does the author intend to tell us in this passage？ __B__‎ A．The popularity of biometrics. ‎ B．Security problems of biometrics.‎ C．Various problems with biometrics. ‎ D．Great changes caused by biometrics.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据全文内容，尤其是第三段最后一句“But despite its popularity，experts warn that biometrics might not be as secure as we imagine，’Biometrics is ideally good in practice，not so much，’”可知，通过这篇文章作者想告诉我们的是生物测量术存在的一些安全问题。‎ E ‎(2018·河南省豫北名校质评)‎ On a hot evening in September，the Highland High School team was pronouncing to win its first game of the season.“I was really excited，” said Highlanders linebacker Ryan Ferrini.“This was the game when it finally came together.” With several seconds left in the fourth quarter and the Tompkins High School team up 2928，all the Highlanders had to do was go one yard for a touchdown to seize a dramatic come－from－behind victory.‎ On the previous play，after the Highlanders had driven the ball deep into the Tompkins’ territory (防守区)，quarterback Will Gentry，had connected with receiver Austin Brauweiler at the three－yard line.As Brauweiler turned upfield，a Tompkins’ defender delivered a hit，knocking them both to the ground at the one－yard line.‎ ‎“There was a huge force，as if a truck had hit me，” said Brauweiler，who suffered from the collision (撞击).But it was the Tompkins’ player who got the worst of it.He lay still on the ground and a doctor had been called.That’s when the Tompkins’ coach walked across the field and told Highlanders’ coach Colschen that his players were too upset to finish the game and they would lose the game.‎ ‎“In life，tile well－being of others is what’s important，not the scoreboard，” said Colschen. He gathered his Highlanders and told them it was time to support their grieving (悲伤的) competitors.They agreed.‎ After the injured player was airlifted to a hospital，the two teams took the field again.The Highland，team’s teammates took a knee and didn’t start any action，only waiting for the game clock to strike zero.Game over.‎ ‎“What my players did was amazing，” said Colschen.“I was surprised and encouraged that they were thinking not about themselves but about others，”‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在一场比赛中发生了双方队员相撞事件后，其中一方的队员为了尊重对方队员将最后的比赛时间耗尽的故事。‎ 　What can we learn from Paragraph 1？ __A__‎ A．The match was coming to an end.‎ B．The match would end the football season.‎ C．The Highlanders is a difficult team to beat.‎ D．The Tompkins was confident of victory in the final.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“With several seconds left in the fourth quarter and the Tompkins High school team up 29：28”可知，比赛快要结束了。故选A。‎ 干扰项分析：根据第一段中的“the Highland High School team was pronouncing to win its first game of the season”可知，文中只要提及Highland高中球队想要赢得他们本赛季第一场比赛的胜利，故可排除B项。文中未涉及Highland高中球队球技方面的内容，也就无从得知它是否是一支很难打败的队伍，故可排除C项。根据第一段中的“Tompkins High School team up 29：28”可知，在比赛即将结束时，Tompkins高中球队领先于Highland高中球队，但并未提及Tompkins是否有自信获胜，而且文中未说明这是否是决赛，故可排除D项。‎ 　Who was most injured in the collision？ __B__‎ A．A Highlanders’ player. B．A Tompkins’ defender.‎ C．Austin Brauweiler. D．Will Gentry.‎ 解析：考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“a Tompkins’ defender delivered a hit，knocking them both to the ground at the one－yard line”以及第三段中的“it was the Tompkins’ player who got the worst of it”可知，是Tompkins的防守队员受伤最为严重。故选B。‎ 　Why did the Highlanders take no action until the end of the game？ __D__‎ A．Because they had already won it.‎ B．Because one of their players got injured.‎ C．Because they were given an unfair judgment.‎ D．Because they cared and respected their competitors.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据第四段、第五段的内容以及最后一段中的“I was surprised and encouraged that they were thinking not about themselves but about others”可知，在相撞事件发生后，Highlanders的队员们认为在比赛中身体健康才是最为重要的，所以Highlanders的队员们在比赛结束前任凭时间一分一秒过去而不采取任何行动，这也是为了安慰因队友受伤而伤心的对方队员们，表示对对手的尊重。故选D。‎ 　What message is conveyed in the passage？ __D__‎ A．More haste，less speed. B．All men cannot be first.‎ C．Better to be safe than sorry. D．Friendship first，competition second.‎ 解析：考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“The Highland team’s teammates took a knee and didn’t start any action，only waiting for the game clock to strike zero”和最后一段中的“they were thinking not about themselves but about others”‎ 可以看出，在双方的竞争中，Highland高中的队员们没有一味地为了追求成功而不顾对方的感受，相反，他们把对对手的尊重置于个人的荣誉之上，这传达出的正是“友谊第一，比赛第二”的精神。故选D。A项意为“欲速则不达”；B项意为“不可能人人得第一名”；C项意为“安全胜过遗憾”。‎