2020届一轮复习人教版必修5Unit3Lifeinthefuture单元学案（24页） 24页

(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．aspectn.　　　　　　　　方面；层面2．timetablen.时间表；时刻表3．typistn.打字员4．tabletn.药片5．stewardn．[纵联1]乘务员；服务员6．stewardessn.女乘务员7．maskn.面具；面罩；伪装8．citizenn.公民；居民；市民9．ecologyn.生态；生态学10．postagen.邮资11．receivern.接受者；接收器；电话听筒12．dustbinn.垃圾箱13．buttonn.纽扣；按钮14．goodsn．[纵联2]货物15．beltn.腰带；皮带16．motivationn.动机Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．previousadj.在前的；早先的 2．fastenvt.系牢；扎牢3．representativen.adj.[纵联3]4．flashvt.&vi.(使)闪光；(使)闪现5．guiden.指导；向导；导游vt.指引；指导6．lackvi.&vt.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺的东西7．switchn.开关；转换vt.转换8．optimisticadj.乐观(主义)的9．materialn.原料；材料10．recyclevt.回收利用；再利用11．greedyadj.贪吃的；贪婪的；贪心的12．swallowvt.吞下；咽下Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．toleratevt.容忍；忍受→tolerancen．容忍2．impressionn．印象；感想；印记→impressvt.(使)留下深刻印象→impressiveadj.给人深刻印象的3．constantadj.时常发生的；连续不断的→constantlyadv.不断地4．surroundingsn．周围的事物；环境→surroundingadj.周围的→surroundvt.围绕5．adjustmentn．调整；调节→adjustvt.调整；使适应6．pressvi.&vt.按；压；逼迫n．按；压；印刷；新闻→pressuren．压力；挤压；压迫(感)[纵联4] 7．instantn．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的→instantlyadv.马上8．settlementn．定居；解决→settlev．定居；解决9．exhaustedadj.筋疲力尽的；疲惫不堪的→exhaustvt.耗尽10．uncertainadj.不确切的；无把握的→certainadj.确信的；有把握的→certaintyn．确信纵联1.男女有别　①　　②③④纵联2.单复数意义不同的名词集锦　①good善行；好处goods货物②time时间times时代③custom习惯；风俗customs海关④instruction指导instructions用法说明⑤pain痛苦pains辛苦；努力⑥sand沙子sands沙滩⑦work工作works作品⑧look脸色；看looks容貌纵联3.后缀ive形容词大观园①representative典型的②impressive给人印象深刻的③creative创造性的④constructive建设性的⑤expensive昂贵的⑥active积极的⑦descriptive描述的⑧attractive吸引人的纵联4.不一样的“press”①pressv．按；压②pressuren．压力 ③expressvt.表达④impressionn．印象⑤impressvt.(使)留下深刻印象⑥expressionn．表达单元话题——未来生活子话题1　生活住所①arrangementn．安排；布置②flatn．公寓③roofn．屋顶；最高处④ceilingn．天花板⑤liftn．电梯⑥garagen．车库⑦balconyn．阳台⑧basementn．地下室⑨storeyn．楼层⑩intelligentadj.智能的子话题2　家具及陈设①decoratev．装饰；布置②cupboardn．碗柜；食橱③drawern．抽屉④shelfn．架子⑤vasen．花瓶⑥carpetn．地毯⑦automaticadj.自动化的⑧armchairn．扶手椅⑨benchn．长凳；工作台⑩couchn．睡椅；长沙发⑪furnishvt.布置；为……配备家具[学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用1．(2016·江苏高考阅读D)Itdidn’ttakelongforShellyAnntorealizethatsportscouldbeherwayoutofWaterhouse.OnasummereveninginBeijingin2008,allthoselong,hardhoursofworkandcommitmentfinallyborefruit.Thebarefootkidwhojustafewyearspreviously❶hadbeenlivinginpoverty,__❷__(surround)bycriminalsandviolence,hadwrittenanewchapterinthehistoryofsports. ①写出加彩词在本单元的同根形容词：previous，意为“先前的”②用surround的适当形式填空：surrounded2．(2016·江苏高考阅读D)StephenFrancisobservedtheneighteenyearoldShellyAnnatatrackmeetandwasconvincedthathehadseenthebeginningsoftruegreatness.Hertimeswerenotexactlyimpressive❶，butevenso,hesensedtherewassomethingtryingtogetout,somethingtheothercoacheshadoverlookedwhentheyhadassessedherandfoundher___❷__(lack).①impressive在此处意为“给人印象深刻的”，写出它在本单元的同根名词：impression②用lack的适当形式填空：lacking，此时用作形容词，意为“缺乏的；不足的”高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1．(2018·6月浙江高考写作)我精通英语，并有陪伴外国朋友的经验。我的确相信我能担任这项志愿者工作并作为你的向导。(guide)I_have_a_good_command_of_English,_and_also_have_some_experience_in_accompanying_foreign_friends._I_do_believe_I_am_suited_for_this_voluntary_work_and_can_serve_as_your_guide.2．(2016·江苏高考书面表达)此外，网络投票使得即时反馈(feedback)成为可能。(instant)Furthermore,_voting_on_the_Internet_makes_instant_feedback_possible.3．(2013·广东高考写作)在一些专家的眼中，火星上的生活条件难以忍受。(tolerate)In_some_experts’_opinion,_living_conditions_on_the_Mars_are_very_hard_to_tolerate. (二)课堂重点释疑1．toleratevt.容忍；忍受[记牢](1)tolerate(sb.)doingsth.　　容忍/忍受(某人)做某事(2)tolerancen.宽容；容忍；忍受tolerantadj.宽容的；容忍的[练通]　单句语法填空①Ican’ttolerateworking(work)withKateinthesameoffice.Shejustrefusestostoptalkingwhilesheworks.②Insteadofblamingthechildwhohadbrokenthevase,shegavehimatolerant(tolerate)smileandlethimgo.[写美]　词汇升级③Whenhewentabroad,hefoundthenewsurroundingshardtobear.(升级加彩词汇)→Whenhewentabroad,hefoundthenewsurroundingshardtotolerate/put_up_with.[联想]　“容忍；忍受”的种种表达①toleratevt.　忍受　　②bearvt.　　　忍受③standvt.忍受④putupwith忍受；容忍2．lackvt.&vi.缺乏；没有n.缺乏；短缺的东西[记牢](1)forlackof　　　　　　　　因缺乏……alackof缺乏……(2)lackingadj.短缺的；缺乏的belackingin缺少……[练通]　单句语法填空 ①Forlackofhumanprotection,thenumberofYangtzefinlessporpoiseisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.②Thoughlacking(lack)money,hisparentsmanagedtosendhimtoauniversity.③Whilecollegegraduatescomplainofalackofavailablejobs,factoriesarefacingdifficultiesinhiringworkers.[用准]　lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可作及物动词直接加宾语(不能用于被动语态和进行时)，也可作不及物动词，后常与介词for连用；形容词lacking常与in连用。[写美]　句式升级④ThoughJackwaslackinginexperience,hemadeupforitinenthusiasm.→Though_lacking_in_experience,_Jackmadeupforitinenthusiasm.(省略句)3．pressvi.&vt.按；压；逼迫n.按；压；印刷；新闻[记牢](1)press...against/to...　把……压/挤/贴在……presssb.todosth.极力劝说/敦促某人做某事(2)pressuren.压(力)；压强；强制putpressureon...给……施压underpressure面临压力；受到压力[练通]　单句语法填空①Pressed(press)bymyfriends,Idecidedtoseizetheopportunity.②Outofcuriosity,thelittlegirlpressedhernoseagainsttheshopwindow.③(2018·江苏高考)Thereportsaidtheyalsofacedpressure(press) torespondtomessagesatallhoursoftheday—especiallyatsecondaryschoolwhenmoreyoungstershavemobilephones.[写美]　翻译句子④无论你面临多少压力，都不要半途放弃。No_matter_how_much_pressure_you_are_under,_you_will_never_give_up_halfway.4．instantn．瞬间；片刻adj.立即的；立刻的[记牢](1)inaninstant＝instantly　　　　　立刻；马上foraninstant一瞬间；顷刻一……就……[练通]　单句语法填空①Hepausedforaninstantbeforecontinuing.②Inaninstant,hetookoffhiscoatandjumpedintothewater.[写美]　一句多译让我非常惊讶的是，她一读那封信就哭了起来。③Muchtomysurprise,sheburstintotearsthe_instant/instantlyshereadtheletter.④Muchtomysurprise,on_reading_the_letter,_sheburstoutcrying.(on)[词汇过关综合训练]　Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Ifastudentlacks(缺乏)themotivationtostudy,hewillquicklybecometiredofstudying.2．Theirbossisstrictandwon’ttolerate(容忍)anymistakesintheirdailywork. 3．Asadiligentstudent,heisgreedy(渴望的)forsuccess.4．Theyrecycle(循环利用)theirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.5．TeachersthinkhighlyofAlice,becausesheis_constantly(不断地)workinghard.6．Mysisterisoptimistic(乐观的)aboutherchanceofwinningtheEnglishspeechcontest.7．Citiesareusuallywarmerthansurrounding(周围的)ruralareas,soit’swisetoliveincitiesinwinter.8．Thenewschoolyearisrightaroundthecorner,buttheadjustment(调整)toreturningtoschoolmaytakeafewweeks.9．Itypedthereportbymyself,fortheonly_typist(打字员)tookadayoff.10．UsinganiPad,wecanlistentomusic,downloadlotsoflearningmaterials(材料)andreadthem.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1．AsfarasIknow,ourEnglishteacheraswellasotherteachersnevertoleratescheating(cheat)intheexams.2．Thegreedybosspressedhisworkersto_work(work)16hoursaday.3．Guided(guide)bythesun,theywalkedtowardstheirdestinationthroughthewoods.4．Allpassengersonboardareexpectedto_fasten(fasten)theseatbeltswhentheplanetakesoffandlands.5．Yourartskillsareexcellentandadmirable,whichleavemeadeepimpression(impress)． 6．Aftertheexplosionthearmyblockedthesurrounding(surround)areaandforbadanyonetoenterit.Ⅲ.单句改错1．Whetherachildcangrowuphealthilyornotdependsonthesurroundinginwhichhelives.surrounding→surroundings2．Deeplyimpressedonitsbeauty,IfellinlovewithGuilin.on→by3．Itissogreedyforyoutoleavenoneofthecakeforeveryoneelse.第一个for→of4．Itiswidelyagreedthatpressingstudentstostudyingisnotagoodidea.studying→study5．Itisnecessarythatweshouldswitchourmobilephonesbeforeboarding.switch后加offⅣ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译1．由于缺乏自信心，琳达没参加诗歌比赛。(lack)Lindadidn’ttakepartinthepoetrycompetitionfor_lack_of_confidence.2．请你一到云南就给我发电子邮件。(theinstant/instantly)Pleasesendmeanemailthe_instant/instantly_you_reach_Yunnan.3．我总是梦想着拥有一座被树木和鲜花环绕的房子。(surround)Iamalwaysdreamingofhavingahousesurrounded_by/with_trees_and_flowers.4．在一位当地村民的带领下，我们最终找到了那座古老的城堡。(guide)①Wewere_guided_by_a_local_villager,_andfinallyfoundtheancientcastle.(并列句)②Guided_by_a_local_villager,_wefinallyfoundtheancient castle.(分词作状语)③With_a_local_villager_guiding_us,_wefinallyfoundtheancientcastle.(with复合结构)(一)课前自主学习1．take_up[串记1]　　　拿起；接受；开始；继续；占用；从事2．(a)_lack_of缺乏……3．be_back_on_one’s_feet(困境后)恢复；完全复原4．lose_sight_of_...看不见……5．sweep_up打扫；横扫6．slide_into(快捷而悄声地)移动；溜进……7．speed_up加速8．remind_sb.of_...使某人想起……；提醒某人……9．in_all_directions向四面八方10．suffer_from[串记2]患有(疾病等)；遭受[同根短语串记]串记1.常见的“动词＋up”短语扫描①takeup拿起；接受　　　　　②keepup保持；维持③setup建造；创立④bringup教育；培养⑤buildup建立；增强⑥turnup出现；露面⑦clearup整理；(天空)放晴⑧holdup举起；耽搁串记2.“v.＋from”短语荟萃①sufferfrom遭受②resultfrom由于；起因于 ③hearfrom收到……的来信④escapefrom从……逃脱⑤benefitfrom从……中获益⑥diefrom死于……⑦datefrom始于；起源于1．bedescribedas...被描述成……2．bestoredon...被存储在……3．beoptimisticabout对……乐观的4．asaresult结果；因此5．begreedyfor...对……贪婪的6．fallfastasleep很快入睡7．besimilarto与……相似8．showsb.around/round_带领某人参观1．Atfirstmynewsurroundingswere_difficult_to_tolerate.开始的时候，新的环境让我难以忍受。2．Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air,_myheadached.由于缺乏新鲜空气，我感到头痛。3．However,IlostsightofWangPingwhenwereachedwhatlookedlikealargemarketbecauseoftoomanycarriagesflyingbyinalldirections.可是，当我们到达一个看上去像大市场的地方时，由于太多气垫车朝四面八方飞奔，我看不见王平了。4．Exhausted,_Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.我感到累极了，爬上床很快就睡着了。 [学考对接·活学活用]高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(词汇替换/补全句子)1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequiredtoprocessthefoodthatweeat,torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.(用本单元短语替换加黑词)be_back_on_our_feet2．(2015·浙江高考阅读C)Inaveryrealsense,lightpollutioncausesustolose_sight_of(看不见)ourtrueplaceintheuniverse.3．(2014·江苏高考任务型阅读)Thistypeofinfluencecanalsogetafriendoffdrugs,ortohelpanadulttake_up(开始)agoodhabitordropabadone.高考采撷(二)　写作中的短语和句式(补全句子)1．(2013·四川高考书面表达)很明显，一个好的学习习惯可以帮助我们加速达到我们的目标。Obviously,agoodlearninghabitcanhelpusto_speed_up_to_reach_our_destinations.2．(2015·湖南高考写作)得知我所处的境况后，我的老师Michael鼓励我勇敢自信地走出困境。(what引导名词性从句)Afterlearningwhat_situation_I_was_in,_myteacher,Michael,encouragedmetostepoutoftroublebravelyandconfidently.(二)课堂重点释疑[短语集释]1．takeup占用(时间)；占据(空间)；继续；开始；接受；拿起；从事[辨清]　写出下列句中takeup的含义①Wetriedtofindatableforseven,buttheywerealltakenup.占据 ②Iputthetelephonedownandtookupmyworkagain.继续③(2015·陕西高考)Peterwilltakeuphispostastheheadofthetravelagencyattheendofnextmonth.从事④I’mgoingtotakeupthechallengeoflastingawholeweekwithoutarguing.接受[记牢]takeoff　　　　　脱掉(衣服等)；起飞；事业腾飞takeover接管；获得对……的控制或管理takedown写下；记下；拆除takein吸收；接纳；领会；欺骗takeon呈现；雇用；承担；从事[练通]　选用上述短语填空⑤Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourcountryhastaken_onanewlook.⑥ThehousewhereIgrewuphasbeentaken_downandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.[写美]　词汇升级⑦Hedidn’tunderstandwhathereadbecausehismindwasfocusedonsomethingelse.(升级加彩词汇)→Hedidn’ttake_inwhathereadbecausehismindwasfocusedonsomethingelse.2．losesightof...看不见……；忽略……[记牢](1)catchsightof　　　　　望见；看到loseone’ssight失明comeintosight进入视野内；映入眼帘 (2)atfirstsight乍一看atthesightof看到outofsight看不到in/withinsight在视野内[练通]　选用上述短语填空①Theyfellinloveat_first_sight,_andthreemonthslater,theygotmarried.②Onlyashortsightedmanwilllose_sight_oftheimportanceofeducation.③Attherailwaystation,themotherwavedgoodbyetoherdaughteruntilthetrainwasout_of_sight.[写美]　词汇升级④IsawhergettingonthebuswhenIcameoutofthestore.(升级加彩词汇)→Icaught_sight_ofhergettingonthebuswhenIcameoutofthestore.3．speedup加速[记牢](1)reducespeed＝slowdown　　　减速pickupspeed逐渐加速(2)athigh/low/full/topspeed以高/低/全/最高速ataspeedof...以……速度[练通]　单句语法填空①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingthewords,“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turnleft！”②Ourphysicsteachersaidthatlighttravelsataspeedof300,000km persecond.③Onceoutsidethestation,thetrainbegantopickupspeed.[用准]　speed的过去式、过去分词有两种形式：speeded,speeded或sped,sped。[写美]　翻译句子④现代发明大大加速了人们的生活节奏。Modern_inventions_have_greatly_speeded_up_people’s_pace_of_life.[句式集释]1．过去分词短语作状语[教材原句]　Hit_by_a_lack_of_fresh_air,_myheadached.[悟拓展例句](1)Offered(offer)animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasgotachancetobecomefamous.(2)Located(locate)inthecentraldistrict,theXi’anHoteloffersthebestservicewiththelowestprice.(3)(2016·北京高考)Ordered(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.[析用法规则](1)过去分词或过去分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随等。(2)过去分词的逻辑主语一般与句子主语一致。(3)过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语之间为被动关系。[背写作佳句](1)Amazedathowskillfultheywere,Ideterminedtobejustasgood.(要点句) (2)(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)ShownthisSundayafternoon,thefilmwilllasttwohours.(要点句)2．形容词(短语)作状语[教材原句]　Exhausted,_Islidintobedandfellfastasleep.[悟拓展例句](1)Toourrelief,themissingchildreturnedhometendayslater,tiredbuthealthy(health)．(2)Surprised(surprise)andhappy,hestoodupandacceptedtheprize.(3)Theboylayonthesofa,relaxed(relax)．[析用法规则]用法归纳形容词(短语)作状语可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。注意事项形容词(短语)作状语时常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语常可构成系表关系。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。[背写作佳句](1)(2016·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Worriedaboutmakingmistakes,I’mwritingtobotheryoutocorrectthewordsandformatinthematerialIattachtotheletter.(开头句)(2)Toonervous,Icouldn’tthinkofanythingatthebeginningoftheexam.However,Ididn’tworrybuttriedtocalmmyselfdown.(要点句)[词块、句式过关综合训练]　Ⅰ.选词填空 1．Sue_slid_into_theofficeofMr.Brownandtooktheimportantpapersaway.2．Maryswept_upallthebrokenglassbeforehermothercamebackhomeafterwork.3．BecauseSusanwasinFranceatthattime,heryoungestsistertook_uptheprizeinplaceofher.4．Manycountriesarefacedwiththeproblemabouthowtospeed_upeconomicdevelopment.5．Itookacarefulsearchinthecrowdsattheexitofthestation,butIstilllost_sight_ofmycousin.6．Herfatherfelloffthetruckandwasabletobe_back_on_his_feetaftertwoweeks’treatmentinthehospital.Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子/一句多译1．他想知道经理在会议上说了些什么。(what引导名词性从句)Hewantedtoknowwhat_the_manager_had_saidatthemeeting.2．又累又渴，他走进一家茶馆，一个机器人服务员迅速过来招待他。(形容词作状语)Tired_and_thirsty,_hewentintoateahouseandarobotwaiterquicklycameuptoservehim.3．从高层建筑物上看，公园看上去更漂亮。①When_it_is_seen_fromthetopofthehighbuilding,theparklooksevenmorebeautiful.(时间状语从句)②Seen_fromthetopofthehighbuilding,theparklooksevenmorebeautiful.(分词作状语)③Seeing_fromthetopofthehighbuilding,Ifindtheparkevenmorebeautiful.(分词作状语) 4．这个看似很难的问题其实很容易回答。(be＋adj.＋todo)Thequestionthat/whichseemsdifficultis_actually_easy_to_answer.Ⅲ.分步写作假定你是李华，你校英语报拟刊登主题为“未来生活”的文章。请根据下面内容和你的畅想写一篇短文，向英语报投稿。1．环境：更舒适、更美丽；2．能源：太阳能、风能、海水成为能源；3．生活：丰衣足食，周游世界；4．工作学习：效率更高，压力更小。注意：1.词数100左右；2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点本文是以主题为“未来生活的畅想”向报社投稿。时态以将来时为主，人称为第一人称。根据题目及写作要求，可从三个方面构思：开头：对未来的生活态度(积极乐观)；主体：依据所给出的4个要点(环境；能源；生活；工作学习)进行展开，由于要点明确，依次表达出即可；结尾：总结对未来生活的畅想。要点1：随着科技的发展，我对未来生活积极乐观。(optimistic)With_the_development_of_science_and_technology,_I_am_optimistic_about_life_in_the_future.要点2－①：环境将会更加舒适和美丽。The_surroundings_will_be_more_comfortable_and_beautiful.要点2－②：太阳能、风能将会被充分利用，海水也将会转变成能源。Solar_energy_and_wind_energy_will_have_been_made_full_use_of_and_sea_water_will_have_been_switched_into_energy_as_well. 要点2－③：我们将会丰衣足食。我们可以花费更多的时间周游世界。We_will_be_provided_with_enough_food_and_clothing.We_can_spend_more_time_travelling_around_the_world.要点2－④：我们能更高效地工作，并且我们在学习或工作上的压力将会更小。We_can_work_more_efficiently,_and_we_will_have_less_stress_either_from_our_study_or_work.要点3：在未来，我们会更富有，我们的生活将会更丰富多彩。We_will_be_much_richer_and_our_life_will_be_more_colourful_in_the_future.第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼为了使要点在内容上和形式上更丰满，可对要点2－①增加定语从句拓展为“我们生活的环境将会更加舒适和美丽。”；要点2－②使用because引导原因状语从句并添加结果“人们将不再担心缺乏能源”；把要点2－③用notonly...butalso...倒装句型合并升级；要点2－④升级为强调句型说明工作效率提高所带来的结果。拓展要点2－①：我们生活的环境将会更加舒适和美丽。(定语从句)The_surroundings_where_we_live_will_be_more_comfortable_and_beautiful.拓展要点2－②：因为太阳能、风能将会被充分利用，海水也会转变成能源，因此人们将不再担心缺乏能源。(because引导原因状语从句)People_will_not_worry_about_lack_of_energy_any_longer_because_solar_energy_and_wind_energy_will_have_been_made_full_use_of_and_sea_water_will_have_been_switched_into_energy_as_well. 升级要点2－③：我们不但会丰衣足食，而且我们可以花费更多的时间周游世界。(notonly...butalso...倒装句型)Not_only_will_we_be_provided_with_enough_food_and_clothing,_but_we_can_also_spend_more_time_travelling_around_the_world.升级要点2－④：正是因为我们能更高效地工作，所以我们学习或工作上的压力将会更小。(强调句型)It_is_because_we_can_work_more_efficiently_that_we_will_have_less_stress_either_from_our_study_or_work.第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡结合写作要点，文章可采用“总分总”式结构组织全文。根据上下文中的逻辑关系，可添加过渡词bythattime，furthermore，allinall使文章过渡自然。With_the_development_of_science_and_technology,_I_am_optimistic_about_life_in_the_future.By_that_time,_the_surroundings_where_we_live_will_be_more_comfortable_and_beautiful.People_will_not_worry_about_lack_of_energy_any_longer_because_solar_energy_and_wind_energy_will_have_been_made_full_use_of_and_sea_water_will_have_been_switched_into_energy_as_well.Not_only_will_we_be_provided_with_enough_food_and_clothing,_but_we_can_also_spend_more_time_travelling_around_the_world.Furthermore,_it_is_because_we_can_work_more_efficiently_that_we_will_have_less_stress_either_from_our_study_or_work.All_in_all,_we_will_be_much_richer_and_our_life_will_be_more_colourful_in_the_future.理清段落结构之(五)　呼应 所谓呼应是指在开头和结尾的内容上有极其密切的关系，是对同一情况做出解释、说明、交代的。呼应可以使文章浑然一体，更具有突出的作用。呼应之处一般是文章要重点强调的内容，也是文章主旨所在，利用这种呼应关系，可解阅读类题目中的主旨及前后照应型题目。[高考典例1]　2018·全国卷Ⅱ·D篇文章开头用描述现象引出“smalltalk”的重要性文章结尾以研究报告的结论再次强调了“smalltalk”的重要性[1]We’veallbeenthere:inalift,inlineatthebankoronanairplane,surroundedbypeoplewhoare,likeus,deeplyfocusedontheirsmartphonesor,worse,strugglingwiththeuncomfortablesilence.[2]What’stheproblem?It’spossiblethatweallhavecompromisedconversationalintelligence.It’smorelikelythatnoneofusstartaconversationbecauseit’sawkwardandchallenging,orwethinkit’sannoyingandunnecessary.Butthenexttimeyoufindyourselfamongstrangers,considerthatsmalltalkisworththetrouble.Expertssayit’saninvaluablesocialpracticethatresultsinbigbenefits.[3]Dismissingsmalltalkasunimportantiseasy,butwecan’tforgetthatdeeprelationshipswouldn’tevenexistifitweren’tforcasualconversation.Smalltalkisthegrease(润滑剂)forsocialcommunication,saysBernardoCarducci,directoroftheShynessResearchInstituteatIndianaUniversitySoutheast.“Almosteverygreatlovestoryandeachbigbusinessdealbeginswithsmalltalk，”heexplains.“Thekeytosuccessfulsmalltalkislearninghowtoconnectwithothers,notjustcommunicatewiththem.” [4]Ina2014study,ElizabethDunn,associateprofessorofpsychologyatUBC,invitedpeopleontheirwayintoacoffeeshop.Onegroupwasaskedtoseekoutaninteraction(互动)withitswaiter;theother,tospeakonlywhennecessary.Theresultsshowedthatthosewhochattedwiththeirserverreportedsignificantlyhigherpositivefeelingsandabettercoffeeshopexperience.“It’snotthattalkingtothewaiterisbetterthantalkingtoyourhusband，”saysDunn.“Butinteractionswithperipheral(边缘的)membersofoursocialnetworkmatterforourwellbeingalso.”[5]Dunnbelievesthatpeoplewhoreachouttostrangersfeelasignificantlygreatersenseofbelonging,abondwithothers.Carduccibelievesdevelopingsuchasenseofbelongingstartswithsmalltalk.“Smalltalkisthebasisofgoodmanners，”hesays.[高考典例2]　2014·福建卷·完形填空Soitwaswithreallygreat40(satisfaction)thatIstoodinchurchonerecentSunday,videocamerainhand,and41(watched)my68yearoldfathersweatinginhisshirt__42__risingtoplaythepianoinhisveryfirstrecital....Foramomentaftermyfathersatdownatthekeyboard,he47(simply)stareddownathisfingers.42．A.through　　　　　B．fromC．againstD．before[分析]　首尾呼应。根据47题前面的“Foramomentaftermyfathersatdownatthekeyboard” 可知，作者的父亲其实还没有开始演奏，所以他sweatinginhisshirt应是在risingtoplaythepiano之前的表现，故选D。[高考典例3]　2014·北京卷·完形填空...Shewasreallysmallforherageof12.Theboysinmyclassoften36(joked)aboutherandlaughedtheirheadsoff.Shewouldopenabook,pretendingtoread,withtearsdroppingontheopenpage....Ilookeddownatthis__38__girlandpromisedmyselfthatsomehowIwouldhelpher.38．A.richB．proudC．tinyD．popular[分析]　首尾呼应。根据36空前面的句子“Shewasreallysmallforherageof12”可知，这个女孩很娇小，故选tiny。