2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修六Unit4Helpingpeople 50页

‎2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修六Unit4 Helping people　around the world单元学案设计 ‎ 社会生活之(五)——经济援助 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．victim n．受害者　　　　2.troublesome adj.麻烦的，棘手的 ‎3．remote adj.偏远的，偏僻的 4.obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 ‎5．chaos n．混乱，杂乱，紊乱 6.vacant adj.空着的；(职位)空缺的 ‎7．staff n．全体员工 8.political adj.政治的；政府的 ‎9．charity n．慈善机构；慈善 10.commitment n．承诺；奉献 ‎11．alternative adj.可供替代的 n．可供选择的事物 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．acquire vt.购得；获得 2.expand vi.& vt.扩展；增强 ‎3．means n．手段，方法 4.colleague n．同事 ‎5．worthy adj.值得的；有价值的 6.voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的 ‎7．crowd n．人群 v．挤满，塞满 8.remind vt.提醒，使想起 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.lack n．& vt.缺乏→lacking adj.缺乏的；短缺的 ‎　2.description n．描写(文字)，形容，说明→describe vt.描述，形容；描绘 ‎　3.addition n．增加；添加；此外，另外→add vt.& vi.添加；相加，求和；增加→additional adj.附加的；另外的 ‎*4.equal adj.平等的；同等的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等→equality n．平等；同等→equally adv.相等地 ‎*5.contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致→contribution n．贡献；捐献；投稿→contributor n．贡献者；捐献者；投稿人 ‎　6.export n．出口产品，输出品；出口vt.& vi.出口；输出→import (反义词)n.进口产品，进口vt.& vi.进口；输入 ‎　7.urgent adj.紧急的，紧迫的→urgency n．紧迫，迫切 ‎　8.starvation n．饥饿；挨饿；饿死→starve vt.& vi.(使)饿死，(使)挨饿 ‎*9.possession n．个人财产；拥有，具有→possess vt.拥有 ‎*10.assist vt.帮助，协助→assistance n．帮助，协助→assistant n．助手 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．All men are born equal,_so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.‎ ‎2．The volunteers contributed much time to the project. Dr Win was a major contributor to the project and he made a great contribution.‎ ‎3．When you try your best to go after more possessions,_you can't realize you are actually already in possession of your most important gifts — what you have possessed — until you lose them.‎ ‎4．Studies show farmland in Africa is often lacking in important nutrients. Lack of nutrients makes the soil poor.‎ ‎5．To assist our factory, the assistant manager has made a promise to offer us technical and financial assistance.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．devote /dɪ'vəʊt/ vt.　　　　把……奉献(给)‎ ‎2．suffer /'sʌfə(r)/ vi.& vt. 遭受，忍受 ‎3．warmth /wɔːmθ/ n. 温暖，暖和； 热情 ‎4．comfort /'kʌmfət/ vt.& n. 安慰 ‎5．relief /rɪ'liːf/ n. 宽慰，安心 ‎6．donate /dəʊ'neɪt/ vt.& vi. 捐赠 ‎7．donation /dəʊ'neɪʃn/ n. 捐赠，赠送 ‎8．support /sə'pɔːt/ v. 赞成，支持；提供 ‎9．grateful /'greɪtfl/ adj. 感激的，感谢的 ‎10．gratitude /'grætɪtjuːd/ n. 感激，感谢 ‎11．distribute /dɪ'strɪbjuːt/ vt. 分配；分发 ‎12．generosity /dʒenə'rɒsəti/ n. 慷慨，大方 ‎13．financially /faɪ'nænʃəlɪ/ adv. 金融上 ‎14．rescue /'reskjuː/ vt. 营救，救援 ‎15．undergo /ʌndə'gəʊ/ vt. 经历； 遭受，承受 ‎16．receive /rɪ'siːv/ v. 收到，接到 ‎17．disaster /dɪ'zɑːstə(r)/ n. 灾难 ‎18．supply /sə'plaɪ/ n. 供给物 ‎19．afford /ə'fɔːd/ vt.买得起； 负担得起 ‎20．international /ɪntə'næʃnəl/ adj.国际的　　‎ ‎21．programme /'prəʊgræm/ n. 方案；计划 ‎22．damage /'dæmɪdʒ/ vt.& vi.& n．损害　　　‎ ‎23．destroy /dɪ'strɔɪ/ vt. 破坏，摧毁 ‎24．medical /'medɪkl/ adj. 医学的； 医疗的 ‎25．organize /'ɔːgənaɪz/ v. 组织； 安排 ‎26．organization /ɔːgənaɪ'zeɪʃn/ n．组织，安排 ‎ ‎27．prevent /prɪ'vent/ vt. 预防 ‎28．injury /'ɪndʒəri/ n. 伤害 ‎29．project /prɒ'dʒekt/ n. 计划，项目 ‎30．rebuild /riː'bɪld/ vt. 重建 ‎31．available /ə'veɪləbl/ adj. 可获得的 ‎32．promote /prə'məʊt/ vt. 促进，推进 ‎33．typhoon /taɪ'fuːn/ n. 台风 ‎34．catastrophic /kætə'strɒfɪk/ adj.灾难的　　‎ ‎35．hurricane /'hʌrɪkən/ n. 飓风 ‎36．tsunami /tsjuː'nɑːmi/ n. 海啸 ‎37．community /kə'mjuːnəti/ n. 社区 ‎ [二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎[课内短语回扣]‎ ‎ (一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.refer_to 谈及；涉及；参考　　　　　　　　　*2.in_addition 除……以外(还)‎ ‎　3.draw_someone's_attention_to (使某人)察觉到 　4.contribute_..._to_... 捐献 ‎　5.under_the_umbrella_of 在……的保护下 　6.if_only 要是……就好了 ‎*7.break_down 出故障；抛锚 *8.in_chaos 处于混乱状态 ‎*9.get_hold_of 得到；抓住 　10.remind_sb._of_... 使想起 ‎*11.think_back_to 回想 *12.make_a_difference 有作用 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．I'm firmly convinced that with everyone doing his bit, it will make_a_difference and everything will get better and better.‎ ‎2．On referring_to my notes, I found I had made a big mistake.‎ ‎3．I was walking in the street when a little boy came up and got_hold_of my sleeve, begging me to help him look for his mother.‎ ‎4．Thinking_back_to his life, he found his childhood was the happiest time for him.‎ ‎5．I don't like the color of this coat. In_addition,_it is too large to fit me.‎ ‎6．The meeting ended in_chaos when some people threw tomatoes at ‎ the speakers.‎ ‎7．She broke_down when she heard the news, but she quickly recovered.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．set up 　　　　　创立，设立 ‎2．in time of 及时赶上 ‎3．die from 死于 ‎4．in need (of) 需要 ‎5．suffer from 遭受，患……病 ‎6．be concerned about担忧，担心 ‎7．have access to 使用；接近 ‎8．be involved in 参与 ‎9．work on 从事 ‎10．with the help of 在……的帮助下 ‎11．do damage to 对……造成损害 ‎12．offer sb. sth. 主动向某人 提供某物 ‎13．rescue/save ... from ... 把……从……中营救出来 ‎14．take on 承担 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do ‎[例句]　This land was difficult to farm but now water has been pumped into the fields.‎ ‎[仿写]　外国学习者很难理解唐诗的真实含义和文化。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)‎ The true meaning and the culture of Tang poems are_difficult_to_understand for a foreign learner.‎ ‎2．as引导非限制性定语从句 ‎[例句]　I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often referred to.‎ ‎[仿写]　众所周知，剪纸是中国特有的传统民间艺术，有着两千多年的历史。(2017·全国Ⅱ卷满分作文)‎ As_is_known_to_all,_papercutting is a unique traditional Chinese folk art with a history of over 2,000 years.‎ ‎3．would rather后接从句时，从句用虚拟语气 ‎[例句]　I would rather you hadn't told me about it.‎ ‎[仿写]　我宁愿我现在在北京，这样我就会陪你去书店了。(2016·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)‎ I would rather I_were_in_Beijing now, in which case I would accompany you to the bookstore.‎ ‎4．if only引导虚拟语气条件句或感叹句 ‎[例句]　If only there were more people donating money to charities!‎ ‎[仿写]　要是下周你能来天津见我该多好啊。(2017·天津高考满分作文)‎ If_only_you_could_come_to_Tianjin and meet me next week！‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．They paid for the local children who were eager to attend summer camp when their parents couldn't afford it.‎ 当那些孩子的父母负担不起的时候，他们给那些渴望参加夏令营的当地孩子付了钱。 ‎ ‎2．If they could see things that they could do to make the old ‎ people happier, they would do them.‎ 如果他们看到他们能做的可以让老年人更快乐的事情，他们就会去做。‎ ‎3．Immediate measures must be taken to solve the difficult problems the victims are faced with.‎ 必须立即采取措施来解决灾民所面临的难题。‎ ‎4．He made a suggestion that not only should we contribute money and food to them but also some volunteers be sent there to help those in great need of care.‎ 我建议我们不但应该捐钱和食物，还应派一些志愿者去帮助那些需要照顾的人。‎ ‎5．After his retirement, Mr Smith as well as his friends is devoted to helping the people suffering from AIDS.‎ 在他退休之后，史密斯先生和他的朋友们都致力于帮助艾滋病患者。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ The nonofficial organization referred to just now was set up in the 1980s. The organization takes on many jobs involving that charity. It is a worthy nonprofit organization and it's good fame that has won itself great honour. In addition, the organization also contributes to promoting peace. With the help of it, some children dropping out of school returned to school.And it also help many victims rebuild their homes at home and abroad. Besides, it donated much money to the patients who couldn't afford the expensive medical expenses.‎ 刚才提及的一个非官方组织成立于20世纪80年代。该组织承担了许多涉及慈善的事务。这是一个可敬的非盈利性组织，它的好声望为它赢得了极大的荣誉。另外，该组织对促进和平作出了贡献。在它 的帮助下，许多辍学的孩子重返学校，同时它也帮助许多在国内和国外的灾民重建家园。此外，它给那些负担不起昂贵的医疗费用的病人捐了很多钱。‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．lack n．& vt.缺乏 ‎　[教材原句]　When there is a lack of food, there is hunger.‎ 当食物匮乏时，就会有饥饿。‎ ‎(1)lack sth.　　　　　缺乏/少某物(没有被动语态)‎ lack for 需要，需求(常用于否定句)‎ ‎(2)for lack of 因缺乏……‎ a lack of 缺乏……‎ ‎(3)lacking adj. 短缺的；缺乏的 be lacking in 缺少……‎ ‎①More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities for_lack_of_space.‎ 由于缺少空间，大城市里建起了越来越多的摩天大楼。‎ ‎②Lacking_confidence can lead to a lot of suffering, so you should believe in yourself.‎ ‎＝_Lack_of_confidence can lead to a lot of suffering, so you should believe in yourself.‎ 缺乏自信会导致许多痛苦，所以你应该相信自己。‎ ‎③Though Jack was_lacking_in experience, he made up for it in enthusiasm.‎ 虽然杰克缺乏经验，但是他以满腔的热情来弥补不足。‎ ‎[名师点津]　lack作名词时常与介词of连用；作动词时可用作及物动词直接加宾语(不用被动语态)，也可作不及物动词用；形容词lacking常与in连用。‎ ‎2．worthy adj.令人敬重的；值得的，相称的；有价值的 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　With the help of these armies and other worthy organizations, the UN assists the victims of wars and disasters.‎ 在这些军队和其他慈善组织的协助下，联合国为战争及灾难的受害者提供援助。‎ ‎(1)be worthy ‎(2)be worth ‎(3)　值得做某事 ‎①Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is well worth experiencing (experience). ‎ ‎②Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is well worthy to_be_experienced (experience)．‎ ‎③Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think this festival is well worthy of being_experienced (experience)．‎ ‎④Since you are interested in traditional Chinese culture, I think it is well worthwhile experiencing/to_experience (experience) this festival.‎ 既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣，我认为这个节日很值得你体验。‎ ‎3．equal adj.平等的；同等的，相同的；胜任的n.同等的人；相等物vt.与……相同或相等 ‎ ‎　[高考佳句]　It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers. (2017·天津高考阅读)‎ 它将完全把无人驾驶汽车置于和真人驾驶平等的法律地位。‎ ‎(1)be equal to sth./doing sth.　　　等于/胜任(做)某事 without equal 无与伦比 ‎(2)equality n. 平等 equally adv.　　　　相等地；同等地；均等地；同样地 ‎①The blacks should be_equal_to the whites.‎ 黑人应该与白人平等。‎ ‎②We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality (equal) of nations, big or small.‎ 我们中国一贯主张国家无论大小一律平等。‎ ‎③Men and women must be treated equally (equal) in education and employment.‎ 在教育和就业方面男女应该得到平等的对待。‎ ‎4．contribute vt.& vi.捐献，捐赠，捐助；贡献；促成，导致；投稿 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　They collect approximately 1.35 yuan per day from each member and add it to some money contributed by the government.‎ 他们每天从每个成员那里筹集到大约1.35元，然后汇集到政府所捐赠的款子上。‎ ‎(1)contribute sth.to ...　把某物捐献给……‎ contribute to 为……做出贡献；有助于；导致 ‎(2)contribution n. 捐献；贡献；投稿 make a contribution/contributions to (doing) ... 对(做)……做出贡献 ‎①If you want to contribute your article to our newspaper, please send me before the deadline.‎ 如果你想给我们的报刊投稿，请在截稿日期前把你的文章发给我。‎ ‎②Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute_more_to_the Belt and Road construction. (2017·江苏高考)‎ 江苏位于一带一路交汇处，将为一带一路的建设做出更大的贡献。‎ ‎③Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions (contribute) to the class.‎ 参加比赛对我来说是一次难得的展示我的舞蹈才能的好机会，并对班级做出贡献。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词语还有：‎ cause, lead to, result in, bring about等。‎ ‎5．alternative adj.可供替代的，供选择的；其他的 n．可供选择的事物；选择对象 ‎ ‎　[高考佳句]　The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard to find. (2017·江苏高考)‎ 恐龙的消失未必是由天文事件引起的，但是难以找到可替代的解释。‎ ‎(1)have no alternative but to do sth.别无选择只好做某事 there's no alternative ... ……别无选择 an alternative to ... ……的替代品 ‎(2)alternatively adv. 可供选择地 ‎①We have no alternative but to_go (go) on.‎ 除了继续下去，我们没有选择的余地。‎ ‎②Try to arrange playtime for the children as an_alternative_to TV viewing.‎ 设法给孩子们安排做游戏的时间，来代替看电视。‎ ‎[名师点津]　“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式还有： have ‎ no choice but to do sth.; can't do sth.but do sth.; can do nothing but do sth.。‎ ‎③Her parents had no choice but to_allow (allow) her to go to China to travel alone.‎ 她的父母除了允许她独自一人去中国旅行别无选择。‎ ‎6．means n．手段，方法 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　Health care is limited as there are no doctors or nurses in the villages — no one has the means to pay them.‎ 村庄里的医疗卫生条件是有限的，因为那里没有医生也没有护士——没有人有办法支付他们的工资。‎ a means of ...　……的方法 means of production/transport/communication 生产工具/运输工具/通信手段 by means of 用，依靠；通过 by all means 无论如何；当然可以(口语)‎ by no means 绝对不；无论如何都不(用于句首，句子要倒装)‎ ‎①Every possible means has (have) been tried, but none worked.‎ 每种可能的方法都试过了，但是没有一种起作用的。‎ ‎②We express our feelings by_means_of_words.‎ 我们用语言来表达感情。‎ ‎③I have tried my best to work, but by no means is_my_boss_satisfied_with_me.‎ 我已经努力工作了，但是老板对我一点也不满意。‎ ‎[名师点津]　means单复数相同。当means由every/each修饰作主语时，谓语动词用单数；当means由these/those修饰作主语时，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎④Every means has_been_used to deal with it.‎ 为了处理此事，各种方法都用过了。‎ ‎⑤All possible means to solve the problem have_been_tried.‎ 所有可能解决此问题的方法都被试过了。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“(做)某事的方法”的其他表达还有：‎ ‎①the approach to (doing) sth.‎ ‎②the way to do sth./of (doing) sth.‎ ‎③the method of (doing) sth.‎ ‎7．remind vt.提醒，使想起 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　It reminded me of my time in Sudan, where several Doctors without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.‎ 这使我想起了我在苏丹的那段时光，当时人们哄抢食物，有好几名无国界医生组织的工作人员受到了攻击。‎ remind sb. of sth./sb.　　　　提醒某人某事/想起某人 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事 remind (sb.) that/how/what 提醒(某人)……‎ ‎①The proverb reminded me that the path to success was not always smooth and encouraged me to struggle on.‎ 这个谚语提醒我成功之路不是一帆风顺的并鼓励我继续努力。‎ ‎②Barbara often makes a schedule to get herself reminded of what she is to do in the day.‎ 芭芭拉经常制定一个时间表来提醒自己一天中应做什么。‎ ‎③We are constantly being reminded to_cut (cut) down our fat intake.‎ 不断有人提醒我们要减少脂肪的摄入量。‎ ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ acquire vt.购得；获得，得到，取得 ‎ 补全句子 ‎①You must work hard to acquire_a_good_knowledge_of (学会) a foreign language. ‎ ‎②We want people to acquire_the_habit_of (养成……的习惯) using public transport instead of their cars.‎ ‎③The company has recently acquired_new_offices (购得了新办公室) in central London.‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．These reforms made major contributions (contribute) to the stability of the economy.‎ ‎2．We are constantly being reminded to_cut (cut) down our fat intake.‎ ‎3．The construction quality is assured by means of safety and environmental protection measures.‎ ‎4．He just graduated from the university last month, so he is lacking in working experience.‎ ‎5．Gradually, she has acquired a habit of reading English every day.‎ ‎6．You must have a good education, but practical training is equally (equal) important.‎ ‎7．I have no alternative but to_report (report) him to the police.‎ ‎8．Try to spend your time just on the things you find worthy of being_done_(do)．‎ ‎9．Come and look round our shop without commitment (commit) to buy something.‎ ‎10．This report offered the most specific and accurate description (describe) of the problems.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Everyone is willing to contribute food and clothes for the homeless people. for→to ‎2．Every means have been tried to save the environment.have→has ‎3．To be punctual, one has to have selfdiscipline (自律), and the lack for it affects others. for→of ‎4．Any man will be equal for the task, so long as he is careful. You should give it a try.for→to ‎5．You are worthy of praised for your wise and wonderful work. of后加being ‎6．When she was forty, she still kept a good figure by the means of exercising regularly and sticking to a diet.去掉the ‎7．The mention of the topic reminds me what I experienced one year ago.me后加of ‎8．We should try our best to contribute to protect the environment.protect→protecting Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子/句型转换)‎ ‎1．我除了接受该项提议之外，别无选择。‎ I had no alternative but_to_accept_the_offer.‎ ‎2．为祖国做出贡献是我们的责任。‎ It is our duty to make_contributions_to our motherland.‎ ‎3．做完所有的工作后，我们竖起了布告牌提醒人们保护这些树。‎ After getting the work done, we put up a board to_remind_people_to_protect the trees.‎ ‎4．惩罚绝不是帮助他们身心成长的明智选择。‎ By_no_means_is_punishment a wise choice to assist them to grow up mentally and physically.‎ ‎5．The reference book is worth buying, because it is a great help for your study.‎ ‎①The reference book is worthy to be bought,_because it is a great help for your study.‎ ‎②The reference book is worthy of being_bought,_because it is a great help for your study.‎ ‎③It is worthwhile buying/to buy the reference book, because it is a great help for your study.‎ ‎6．No one matches him in courage, about which everyone knows.‎ ‎①No one equals him in courage, about which everyone knows.‎ ‎②No one is equal to him in courage, about which everyone knows.‎ ‎ [第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．refer to 谈及，提到；与……相关，涉及；查阅，参考；把……称作……；指的是 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　I am pleased to have this chance today to talk to you about the United Nations, or the UN, as it is more often referred to.‎ 我很高兴今天有机会跟大家谈谈联合国，联合国也叫UN——这个名称更常用。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中refer to的含义 ‎①When I study English, I like to put my dictionary within my reach so that I can refer to it when necessary.查阅，参考 ‎②Jim insisted that the book Mr Black referred to was worth reading.提到 ‎③The new law does not refer to land used for farming.涉及 ‎④What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to？指的是 ‎(1)refer to ...as ...　把……称作……‎ refer ... to ... 把……提交给……‎ ‎(2)reference n. 谈到，提及；参考，查阅 in/with reference to 关于 ‎⑤The scientist referred_to the discovery as the most exciting new development in this field.‎ 这位科学家把这一发现称作是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。‎ ‎⑥We were completely in the dark in/with_reference_to his future plans.‎ 我们全然不知他的未来计划。‎ ‎[一言辨析]　refer to, look up Don't always refer to the dictionary when coming across new words. Only if a word is very important can you look it up in your dictionary.‎ 当遇到生单词时不要总是查词典，只有当一个单词非常重要时，你才可以在词典中查一下。‎ ‎[名师点津]　look up表示“参考，查阅”时，其宾语多为word, information等；而refer to表示“参考，查阅”时，其宾语多为book, dictionary等。‎ ‎2．make a difference 有作用(关系、影响) ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　I know I can't change the whole world, but I'm proud that I can help here and there, and make a difference to people's lives. ‎ 我知道我无法改变整个世界，但我很自豪，因为我能处处给人们提供帮助，改变他们的生活。‎ make no/little difference to　 　对……没有影响/作用 make some/much difference to 对……有些/很大影响/作用 tell the difference between A and B　　辨别A和B ‎①It's what you do today that will make_a_difference in your life tomorrow.‎ 你今天的所作所为对你的明天有影响。‎ ‎②What you have said will make_no_difference_to the naughty boy.‎ 你所说的不会对这个淘气的孩子起什么作用的。‎ ‎③The twins are so alike; it's difficult to tell_the_difference.‎ 这对双胞胎长得太像了，很难分辨出来。‎ ‎3．break down 出故障，抛锚；(身体、精神)垮掉，崩溃；(谈判、计划等)失败，破裂；(化学)分解；坍塌 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　However, if the pump breaks down, repairing it can be troublesome, as an engineer has to come from the nearest town to repair it.‎ 然而，如果水泵坏了，修理它可能会很麻烦，因为工程师得从最近的镇上赶来维修它。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中break down的含义 ‎①A large number of buildings broke down in the earthquake.坍塌 ‎②Let's break down the project into smaller parts in order to deal with them one by one. 分解 ‎③Oldfashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.出故障 ‎④You will break down if you take on more work than you can.‎ 身体垮掉 ‎⑤News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.失败，破裂 break in　　　　破门而入；打断(谈话等)‎ break into 强行闯入；突然……起来 break out (战争、火灾等)爆发；发生(无被动语态)‎ break up 破裂，分手，结束 break through 突破 break away from 脱离；挣脱 ‎⑥We arrived at work in the morning and found that somebody had broken_into the office during the night.‎ 我们在早晨到达工作地点时发现有人在(前一天)晚上闯进了办公室。‎ ‎⑦After a fire broke_out in the lab, a lot of equipment was damaged.‎ 实验室发生火灾后，很多设备都被毁了。‎ ‎⑧He broke_up with his girlfriend and dated this girl for a while, but they didn't last.‎ 他和女朋友分手了，和这个女孩约会了一段时间，但是也没有持久。‎ ‎4．This_land_was_difficult_to_farm but now water has been pumped into the fields. ‎ 这块地过去难以耕种，但现在水已经被抽进了地里。 ‎ ‎　this land was difficult to farm是“主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式”结构，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。‎ 使用此结构应注意：‎ ‎(1)常用形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasant, interesting, exciting等。‎ ‎(2)不定式和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系；若不定式为不及物动词，其后必须要加相应的介词。‎ ‎①Sending messages to take part in the programme is difficult for the old to_do (do)．‎ 对老人来说，发短信参与节目很难。‎ ‎②The story is very interesting for the students to_read(read)．‎ 这篇故事对学生来说读起来很有趣。‎ ‎③Although the lady looks elegant, actually she is hard to_get_along_with.‎ 尽管这位女士看上去很优雅，但实际上却很难与之相处。‎ ‎5．If_only there were more people donating money to charities!‎ 但愿有更多的人捐款给慈善机构！ ‎ ‎　本句中if only ...引导的是一种含虚拟语气的感叹句，意为“如果……就好了”，它还可用来引导虚拟语气的条件句。‎ if only句式中虚拟语气的三种情况 ‎(1)表示与现在事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. did/were ...‎ ‎(2)表示与过去事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. had done sth ...‎ ‎(3)表示与将来事实相反的愿望时使用if only sb. would/could do ...‎ ‎①If only she would_listen (listen) to me carefully at the meeting tomorrow.‎ 但愿在明天的会上她能仔细听我讲话。‎ ‎②If only I were (be) slimmer, more beautiful, richer, more clever, then I would be happier.‎ 假如我更苗条一些、更漂亮一些、更富有一些、更聪明一些，那我就会更加幸福了。‎ ‎③It's too bad that I failed in the math exam. If only I had_worked (work) hard at it!‎ 我数学考试不及格真是太糟糕了，要是我之前努力学习它就好了。‎ ‎[名师点津]　only if表示“只有……”，引导条件状语从句。only if本身不是一个固定词组，only是副词，用来修饰整个if从句。若其引导的从句置于句首，且与主句之间没有逗号隔开，则主句要用倒装语序。‎ ‎④In a word, only if you learn English by using it can_you_learn it well.‎ 总之，只有通过使用英语的方法学英语，你才能学好它。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 refer to， in addition， under the umbrella of， break down， in chaos， get hold of， think back to， make a difference ‎ ‎1．Think_back_to a time in your life when you tried something new.‎ ‎2．It isn't what you have done but what you will do that makes_a_difference.‎ ‎3．Do you know where I can get_hold_of a secondhand carpet cleaner?‎ ‎4．Primary education comes under_the_umbrella_of local government.‎ ‎5．Power refers_to the amount of control a person has over other people.‎ ‎6．The house isn't big enough for us, and in_addition,_it's too far from the town.‎ ‎7．If the car should break_down on the way, you would have to walk back.‎ ‎8．His study is in_chaos;_it takes a long time to put his papers in order.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．When Diana fell, she hurt her arm and, in addition to, broke her glasses. 去掉to ‎2．No matter how well you know Paris, it is easy to getting lost.getting→get ‎3．If only I was a millionaire, I would contribute a part of money to children in some remote mountainous areas. was→were ‎4．In case I forget, please remind me my promise. me后加of ‎5．Which is known to all, the more you pay, the more you'll get.Which→As Ⅲ.补全句子 ‎1．提醒读者注意目录是必要的。‎ It is necessary to draw_readers'_attention_to the catalogue. ‎ ‎2．我上次信中谈到的那位老师到国外去了。‎ The_teacher_referred_to in my last letter has gone abroad. ‎ ‎3．他得到一份列车运行时刻表，查阅了所有去伦敦车次的时间。‎ He got_hold_of a railway timetable and looked up all the trains to London. ‎ ‎4．我要是在上周的英语演讲比赛中再自信些该有多好！‎ If_only_I_had_had more confidence in the English speech contest held last week!‎ ‎5．这把椅子看上去很硬，但坐起来很舒服。‎ The armchair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable_to_sit_on.‎ ‎6．我真希望我没有浪费那本该用来学习的时间。‎ I would rather I_hadn't_wasted the time which should have been spent in studying.‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 poverty， lack， starvation， get hold of， charity， contribute， voluntary， make a difference， by no means， worth ‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①全世界有13多亿人生活在贫困之中。‎ More than 1.3 billion people around the world live_in_poverty.‎ ‎②他们的居住环境混乱不堪，而且他们食品不足，教育匮乏。‎ The surroundings they live in are in chaos and they_lack_food_and_education.‎ ‎③有些地方，他们很难得到自来水。很多人都处于饥饿的状态。‎ They have difficulty in getting running water in some places. Many_people_are_in a state_of_starvation.‎ ‎④他们得不到足够的资金来创办自己的企业。‎ They can't get_hold_of_enough_funds to start their own businesses.‎ ‎⑤许多慈善组织和个人注意到了这一情况，他们向那些需要帮助的人捐献了不少钱。一些志愿者也为他们做了一些志愿工作。‎ This situation draws the attention of many_charities_and_individuals. They have_contributed_a_lot_of_money_to those in need of help. Some volunteers also have done some_voluntary_work_for_them.‎ ‎⑥帮助他们振作起来，他们的行动起很大作用。 ‎ Their actions make_a_difference_in_helping_them cheer up.‎ ‎⑦无论遇到什么困难，我们决不放弃他们。‎ By_no_means shall we abandon them whatever trouble we face.‎ ‎⑧这个项目是值得实施的。‎ The program is worth_carrying_out.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用“sth.＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构改写句③‎ Running_water_is_difficult_for_them_to_get_in_some_places._Many_people_are_in_a_state_of_starvation.‎ ‎(2)用“It is worthwhile ...”结构改写句⑧‎ It_is_worthwhile_carrying/to_carry_out_the_program.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：what's worse, in addition, luckily, as far as I'm concerned)‎ More than 1.3 billion people around the world live in poverty. The surroundings they live in are in chaos and they lack food and education. What's worse, running water is difficult for them to get in some places. Many people are in a state of starvation. In addition, they can't get hold of enough funds to start their own businesses. Luckily, this situation draws the attention of many charities and individuals. They have contributed a lot of money to those in need of help. Some volunteers also have done some voluntary work for them. Their actions make a difference in helping them cheer up. By no means shall we abandon them whatever trouble we face. As far as I'm concerned, it is worthwhile carrying/to carry out the program.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——定语从句中包含状语从句的复合句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 课文长难句 It reminded me of my time in Sudan, where several Doctor without Borders staff were attacked as people tried to get the food.‎ 该句中where引导定语从句修饰Sudan，as people tried to get the food是定语从句中的时间状语从句。‎ 娜塔利发布了一个关于叫帕特里克的男孩的信息，当他的房子被烧毁时，他丢失了他的棒球收藏卡。‎ 真题长难句 Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down.(2016·北京高考)‎ 该句中who引导定语从句修饰Patrick，when his house burned down是定语从句中的时间状语从句。‎ ‎ “经济援助”是“社会生活”的子话题。俗话说：“赠人玫瑰，手有余香”。这也是中华民族所弘扬的传统美德。在我们身边经常有一些人默默地为弱势群体提供经济支援。他们的这种奉献、友爱、互助、进步的精神值得我们去学习。在历年的高考题中，有关此话题的题目通常出现在阅读理解、完形填空或写作中。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “__41__ my job. Family to Feed.”‎ At this store, a __42__ like this is not normal. My 10yearold noticed him and made a __43__ on how bad it must be to have to stand __44__ in the cold wind.‎ In the store, I asked each of my kids to __45__ something they thought our “friend” there would __46__. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17yearold suggested giving him a __47__. I thought about it. We were __48__ on cash ourselves, but ... well, sometimes __49__ from our need instead of our abundance is __50__ what we need to do! All the kids __51__ something they could do away with for the week.‎ When we handed him the bag of __52__， he lit up and thanked us with __53__ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for __54__ his family might need, he burst into tears.‎ This has been a wonderful __55__ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can __56__！ Things would have played out so __57__ if I had simply said, “No, we really don't have __58__ to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in __59__， it also gave my kids the __60__ taste of helping others. It'll go a long way with them.‎ ‎41．A.Lost　　　　　　　　 B．Changed C．Quit D．Finished ‎42．A.condition B．place C．sight D．show ‎43．A.suggestion B．comment C．decision D．call ‎44．A.outside B．proudly C．by D．angrily ‎45．A.draw B．say C．arrange D．pick ‎46．A.order B．supply C．appreciate D．discover ‎47．A.dollar B．job C．hot meal D．gift card ‎48．A.easy B．low C．soft D．loose ‎49．A.giving B．saving C．spending D．begging ‎50．A.yet B．even C．still D．just ‎51．A.declared B．shared C．ignored D．expected ‎52．A.toys B．medicine C．food D．clothes ‎53．A.sleepy B．watery C．curious D．sharp ‎54．A.whoever B．whatever C．whichever D．whenever ‎55．A.experience B．example C．message D．adventure ‎56．A.rely on B．respect C．learn from D．help ‎57．A.suddenly B．vividly C．differently D．perfectly ‎58．A.time B．power C．patience D．money ‎59．A.fear B．love C．need D．memory ‎60．A.strong B．sweet C．strange D．simple ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 ‎1．抓首句，明文体，确保读文方向不跑偏 由文章首句“My kids and I (人物) were heading into the supermarket (地点) over the weekend (时间)．”可知此文是一篇典型的记叙文。‎ ‎2．抓关键词(话题词、行为动词)，巧串联，理顺文脉明主旨 速读文章，结合文中“kids, man, friend, family”等话题词汇和“giving, thanked, helping”等关键信息词可知此文可能是关于“助人为乐”的故事。本文的行文脉络如下：‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ 语篇解读：‎ 本文是一篇记叙文。作者周末带着几个孩子去超市购物，在去的路上，他们遇到一个乞讨者，这个乞讨者失去了工作，但还有一家人要养活。孩子们一起行动起来，共同帮助这位乞讨者。快来读一读本文，看看他们是如何帮助那位乞讨者的吧！‎ ‎41．选A　根据后句“Family to Feed.”及下文可知，他丢掉了工作，处于失业状态，需要外界帮助来养家糊口，因此选择lost。‎ ‎42．选C　根据句意可知，在这个商店里，像这样的情景(sight)是不正常的，所以我十岁的孩子注意到了他。‎ ‎43．选B　根据后面“how bad it must be ...”可知，这个十岁的孩子是对这个人的行为作出了评论(comment)。make a comment on“对……作出评论”，符合语境。‎ ‎44．选A　由“in the cold wind”可推测这个乞讨者应是站在外面(outside)。‎ ‎45．选D　根据下文“When we handed him the bag of ...”(当我们递给他一包……时)可知，此处说的是我要求每个孩子挑选出(pick)一样东西送给他。‎ ‎46．选C　根据语境可知，孩子们挑选出那边的那位“朋友”会喜欢的礼物，所以选C项(appreciate)。‎ ‎47．选D　根据54题前面的“gift card”(礼品卡)可知，这里选择D项(gift card)。‎ ‎48．选B　根据上句的意思“我(对送其礼品卡这件事情)考虑了一下”可知，作者考虑到了他们碰到的不太好的情况“我们本身带的现金不足(low on cash，即手头拮据)”。此处low意为“少的，低的”，符合原文语境。‎ ‎49．选A　根据47空前的“giving”以及此处语境可知，此处表达“把我们需要的，而不是富足的东西给别人，这正是我们需要做的”‎ ‎，所以选择giving。‎ ‎50．选D　用“just(正是，恰是)”能够体现出作者此处的情感，即：突出强调“就是需要这样做”。‎ ‎51．选A　根据文章内容可知，孩子们都给那个人选了礼物，所以他们宣布(declare)这周他们放弃某些东西。“they could do away with for the week”是定语从句，修饰something, do away with为固定搭配，意为“摆脱，舍弃”。‎ ‎52．选C　结合上文“They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice.”可知孩子们给那个人的是食物(food)。‎ ‎53．选B　根据后文的“he burst into tears”可知，看到食物，那个人眼睛湿润(watery)了。‎ ‎54．选B　此处表达“用于买他的家庭可能需要的任何东西”，故whatever符合语境。注意本句是介词的宾语从句，从句缺少宾语。‎ ‎55．选A　根据全文叙述的这件事情的经过以及后文的“it also gave my kids the __60__ taste of helping others”可知，这件事对作者一家来说也是一次不错的经历(experience)。‎ ‎56．选D　由于孩子们从帮助别人的经历中得到了快乐，所以几天来他们一直在寻找可以帮助(help)的人。‎ ‎57．选C　根据语境可知，如果作者当时没有帮助那个乞讨者，结果会是完全不同的，所以选择differently。‎ ‎58．选D　这里是作者的一种假设，如果当时作者说他们没有钱(money)提供更多的帮助，那么现在会是另外一种局面。‎ ‎59．选C　根据本文叙述的事件可知，作者帮助了需要帮助的(in need)人。in need意为“需要帮助的”。‎ ‎60‎ ‎．选B　根据句意和前文的叙述可知，帮助别人给孩子们带来了快乐甜蜜的滋味，所以选择sweet，而且该词与后面的taste搭配体现了这篇文章的中心思想——帮助别人，快乐自己。‎ ‎[完形填空系列技法4]　利用固定搭配解题 在完形填空中，也有考查固定搭配的题目，该类题型在完形填空题中所占比例比重较小。在解题时，可以通过分析习惯用语，固定搭配，进行有效推理判断，从而选出正确选项。‎ 搭配题涉及面很广，以固定搭配和习惯用法居多，动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词等为考查重点。‎ 例如43题，make a comment on“对……作出评论”，为固定搭配。第59题，in need“处于困境中的，需要帮助的”，如：A friend in need is a friend indeed“患难见真情”。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．spot v．　　　　　认出，发现 ‎2．abundance n. 丰富，充裕，大量 ‎3．do away with 摆脱，舍弃 ‎4．light up (使)变得喜悦 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2015·天津高考)‎ 假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李津，你校拟向美国友好交流学校的中文班捐赠一批图书。请根据以下提示，写一封邮件与中文班班长Chris联系，并告知将于今年七月赴对方学校参加夏令营时带去赠书。‎ ‎(1)自我介绍；‎ ‎(2)拟捐赠图书的类型、册数、用途等；‎ ‎(3)询问对方的其他需求。‎ 注意：(1)词数不少于100；‎ ‎(2)请适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：‎ 学生会the Student Union Dear Chris，‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ Yours，‎ Li Jin ‎[写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．向……捐赠……　　　　　donate_...to_...‎ ‎2．增加交流 enhance_communication ‎3．在……范围内变化 range_from__...to_...‎ ‎4．更好地掌握/理解…… have_a_better_understanding_of ‎5．参加夏令营 participate_in_the_summer_camp ‎6．不遗余力 spare_no_effort ‎7．满足你们的要求 meet_your_needs ‎8．彼此交流 exchange_with_each_other ‎9．发展我们的友谊 develop_our_friendship 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．我写信告诉你关于向你班赠书的事情。‎ I'm_writing_to_tell_you_something_about_donating_books_to_‎ your_class.‎ ‎2．为了增进与你校的交流，我们准备了大约100本书。‎ To_enhance_communication_with_your_school,_we_prepared_about_100_books.‎ ‎3．书包括中国卡通到文学等。‎ The_books_range_from_Chinese_cartoon_to_literature.‎ ‎4．我们将把这些书到带到你校。‎ We'll_take_the_books_to_your_school.‎ ‎5．我们今年7月份参加夏令营活动。‎ We're__participating_in_the_summer_camp_this_July.‎ ‎6．我们将不遗余力满足你们的要求。‎ We_will_spare_no_effort_to_meet_your_needs.‎ ‎7．我真诚地希望我们可以更多地彼此交流，发展我们的友谊。‎ I_sincerely_hope_that_we_may_exchange_with_each_other_more_and_develop_our_friendship.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．将句2、3用现在分词作后置定语合并 To_enhance_communication_with_your_school,_we_prepared_about_100_books_ranging_from_Chinese_cartoon_to_literature.‎ ‎2．将句4、5用when doing合并 We'll_take_the_books_when_participating_in_the_summer_camp_this_July_to_your_school.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear Chris，‎ I'm Li Jin, chairman of the Student Union of Chenguang High School. I'm writing to tell you something about donating books to your class. To enhance communication with your school, we prepared about ‎ 100 books ranging from Chinese cartoon to literature. With them, you may have a better understanding of China and its culture. We'll take the books when participating in the summer camp this July to your school.‎ Would you please tell me something about your other requirements? We will spare no effort to meet your needs. I sincerely hope that we may exchange with each other more and develop our friendship.‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours，‎ Li Jin ‎ ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．There is no doubt that the mobile phone is an important means (方式) of communication.‎ ‎2．They are leading a simple life in the remote (遥远的) mountains far away from the town now.‎ ‎3．Staff (全体员工) are encouraged to use the library for professional selfdevelopment.‎ ‎4．The government provides them with not only food and shelter (避难所), but also the basic skills for their living.‎ ‎5．Knowledge or techniques have been acquired (获得) through exploration.‎ ‎6．We need to encourage more people to take up the project because it lacks (缺少) labor force.‎ ‎7．Apart from what you have mentioned above, do you have any alternative (供选择的) suggestions?‎ ‎8．He was lucky enough to spot a vacant (空的) seat, so he quickly ‎ sat down. ‎ ‎9．Before my best friend went abroad, he sent me a book as a gift, which always reminded (提醒) me of him.‎ ‎10．There are some areas of poverty (贫穷), but the country as a whole is fairly prosperous.‎ ‎11．As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary expanded (expansion), she asked more and more questions. ‎ ‎12．Millions of people are threatened with starvation (starve) as a result of drought and poor harvests.‎ ‎13．His speech was designed to give himself more political (politics) elbow room.‎ ‎14．They are still involved in voluntary (volunteer) work promoting local enterprise.‎ ‎15．It's through commitment (commit) and sweat that I can make a difference within myself inside and outside.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．She reminded me of that I had a meeting to attend that evening.去掉of ‎2．The fact that the miners there work in dreadful conditions attracts the public's attention and contributes to make laws to protect the miners' right.make→making ‎3．He said there was no lack in things for them to talk about.in→of ‎4．You'd find it equal with your present ideas.with→to ‎5．We need to display the passion and vigor in order to be worth of our youth. worth→worthy ‎6．This is a twoyear course taught by the means of lectures and ‎ seminars.去掉the ‎7．We can refer an encyclopedia for information about this subject.refer后加to ‎8．If he takes on this work, he will have no alternative but meet an even greater challenge.meet前加to ‎9．Everyone can fail in life. It is how you react that makes great difference.great前加a ‎10．If only I am a bird, I should fly through the thick clouds to my dream！am→were Ⅲ.翻译句子/一句多译 ‎ ‎1．最后，一些好的英语学习网站也对我的英语水平提高起了很大作用。(contribute to)‎ Finally,_some_good_English_study_websites_also_contribute_a_lot_to_my_improvement_in_English.‎ ‎2．我们正在下载音乐，就在这时电脑出故障了。(be doing ... when, break down)‎ We_were_downloading_music_when_our_computer_broke_down_suddenly.‎ ‎3．因为缺少自信，她缺乏交流技巧。(for lack of, be lacking in)‎ For_lack_of_confidence,_she_is_lacking_in_skills_of_communication.‎ ‎4．这台机器很容易操作。任何人几分钟就可以学会使用。(主语＋be＋adj.＋不定式)‎ This_machine_is_very_easy_to_operate._Anybody_can_learn_to_use_it_in_a_few_minutes.‎ ‎5．我们所能做的事情会对我们的社会产生很大的影响。 (make much difference)‎ What_we_can_do_will_make_much_difference_to_our_society.‎ ‎6．There is no doubt that the construction of this highway will contribute to the development of this area.‎ ‎→There is no doubt that the construction of this highway will make a contribution to the development of this area.‎ ‎7．由于缺钱，可怜的女孩不能买这本书。‎ ‎①The poor girl can't buy this book for_lack_of_money. (for lack of)‎ ‎②Lacking_money,_the poor girl can't buy this book. (lack分词短语作状语)‎ ‎③Because_she_lacks_money,_the poor girl can't buy this book.(lack v. 原因状语从句)‎ ‎8．他在会议上提出的建议值得考虑。‎ ‎①His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worth_considering.(worth)‎ ‎②His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worthy_of_being_considered.(worthy)‎ ‎③His suggestion put forward at the conference is_worthy_to_be_considered.(worthy)‎ ‎④It_is_worthwhile_to_consider/considering his suggestion put forward at the conference.‎ ‎(worthwhile)‎ ‎[话题语篇高考练]‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A ‎(2018·哈尔滨市第六中学第一次模拟)‎ We are a local business that has been operating for 25 years and we ‎ would love to introduce you to the wonders of the Yorkshire Dales underground.‎ We will meet you at the parking place nearest the cave and directions will be given on booking. Everyone will change into the caving kit (装备) at the road head and walk a short distance to the cave before beginning your adventure underground. The trips involve walking in a stream way, some stooping (俯身) and some crawling. There are some simple climbs, a few deep pools and a waterfall to deal with too. You just need a reasonable amount of fitness and flexibility (柔韧性) to move through the cave as there is bending and some short crawling sections.‎ Minimum age is 8 years old. We are licensed to take children without a parent with them if necessary.‎ The trips start at 5：00 p．m. and finish by 8：00 p．m.‎ What we supply: Caving suits, helmets, lights, belts, rain boots, and all safety equipment.‎ What to wear: Each person should wear warm clothing i．e. trousers (NOT jeans), two pairs of socks, underwear, two layers of upperbody wear (e.g. sweatshirt/pullover etc.), at least one of which should have full length arms. At certain times of the year, a hat, gloves and a scarf are also recommended.‎ What to bring: A complete change of clothes and a towel as you will get WET, a bag for your wet clothes.‎ What we will need from you before the event: A contact number for when you are in the area; the names of participants and their feet sizes, approximate height and build (S, M, L, XL, XXL, etc.)．‎ The age of any under 18s: We will provide you with a medical form or parental consent (同意) form as appropriate on booking.‎ Charges: Adult ￡25.00, Child ￡25.00.‎ Other charges：Booking is essential.‎ For further information or to book, contact：‎ Tel: 01 729 824 455‎ Email: info@yorkshiredalesguides.co.uk Web: www.yorkshiredalesguides.co.uk 语篇解读：本文介绍了一家旅游公司去约克郡河谷旅行的行程安排、提供的服务，以及游客需准备的衣服、随身携带的物品等相关事项。‎ ‎1．Where will the participants in this event meet?‎ A．At the entrance of the cave.‎ B．At the parking place.‎ C．At the information table.‎ D．In the crawling area.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“We will meet you at the parking place nearest the cave ...”可知，集合地点是在停车场。故选B项。‎ ‎2．Before you start the trip, you are advised to ________.‎ A．exercise for a certain period of time B．bring your own safety equipment C．bring extra clothes to change into D．bring at least two Tshirts 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据“What to bring: A complete change of clothes and a towel as you will get WET, a bag for your wet clothes.”可知，需要多带一套衣服以便在被淋湿的时候更换。故选C项。‎ ‎3．Teenagers under 18 years old ________.‎ A．should be accompanied by their parents B．will be charged less than adults C．must have a signed medical form or parental consent form D．will go on a different route specially prepared for them 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据“The age of any under 18s: We will provide you with a medical form or parental consent (同意) form as appropriate on booking.”可知，18岁以下的游客需要提供签字生效的体检表或家长同意书。故选C项。‎ B ‎(2018·内蒙古师大附中模拟)I was attending a party one night and during the dinner, the man sitting next to me told a humorous story and spoke of the quotation: “There's a divinity that shapes our ends. Roughhew (粗凿) them how we will.”‎ The storyteller mentioned that the quotation was from the Bible. He was wrong. I knew that; I knew it positively. There couldn't be the slightest doubt about it. And so, to get a feeling of importance and display my high quality, I appointed myself as an unwelcome committee member to correct him. He_stuck_to_his_guns. “What? From Shakespeare? Impossible! Absurd! That quotation was from the Bible.”‎ Frank Gammond, an old friend of mine, was seated at my left hand, who had devoted years to the study of Shakespeare, so the storyteller and I agreed to submit the question to him. Frank listened, kicked me under the table and then declared, “Dale, you are wrong.”‎ On our way home, I demanded an explanation from Frank, “Frank, you knew that quotation was from Shakespeare.”‎ ‎“Yes, of course，” he replied. “But we were guests at a festive occasion. Why prove to a man he was wrong? Why not let him save his ‎ face? He didn't ask for your opinion. He didn't want it. Why argue with him？” The man who said that taught me a lesson I'll never forget. I not only had made the storyteller uncomfortable, but had put my friend in an embarrassing situation. How much better it would have been if I hadn't become argumentative.‎ Nine times out of ten, an argument ends with each of the competitors more firmly convinced than ever that he is absolutely right. You can't win an argument. You can't because if you lose it, you lose it; if you win it, you lose it.‎ 语篇解读：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。在一场争论中，大部分情况下双方都不会改变自己持有的观点，反而会更加坚定。因此不要轻易与他人争论。‎ ‎4．At the party, the author tried to get a feeling of importance by ________.‎ A．telling a humorous story B．showing off his rich knowledge C．teaching the storyteller a lesson D．correcting the storyteller's mistake 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“And so, to get a feeling of importance and display my high quality ... to correct him”可知，为了获得一种被看重的感觉，作者纠正了那位讲故事的人的错误。‎ ‎5．The underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 means that ________.‎ A．the storyteller realized he was wrong B．the storyteller didn't change his mind C．the storyteller felt sorry for what he said D．the storyteller wanted to fight with the author 解析：选B　句意理解题。根据画线句后面的“What? From Shakespeare? Impossible! Absurd! That quotation was from the Bible”可知，他听到作者的指正后并没有改变自己的观点，因此B项与画线句语义一致。‎ ‎6．How did the author feel about the event that happened at the party in the end?‎ A．Regretful.　　　　 B．Thankful.‎ C．Satisfied. D．Confused.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“How much better it would have been if I hadn't become argumentative”可推知，作者后来对自己在宴会上的行为感到非常后悔。‎ ‎7．What does the author learn from his friend Frank?‎ A．Have an open mind.‎ B．Respect others' opinion.‎ C．Never get into an argument.‎ D．Avoid making mistakes in public.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段中的“You can't win an argument. You can't because if you lose it, you lose it; if you win it, you lose it.”可推知，作者从朋友那里得到的启示是：不要轻易与他人争论。‎ Ⅴ.完形填空 ‎(2018·东北三省大联考)Whenever Michael Carl, the fashion market director at Vanity Fair, goes out to dinner with friends, he plays something called the phone pile game: Everyone places their __1__ in the middle of the table; whoever looks at their device ‎ (设备) before the check arrives __2__ for dinner.‎ Brandon Holley, the former editor of Lucky magazine, had trouble __3__ her mobile phone when she got home from work. So about six months ago, she began putting her phone into a milk tin __4__ she walked in. It remains there until after dinner.‎ And Marc Jacobs, the fashion designer, didn't want to sleep next to a noisy __5__. So he __6__ computers and phones from his bedroom — a house rule he __7__ with audiences during a screening of his film Disconnect.‎ As smartphones __8__ to make their way into our lives, and wearable devices like Google Glass __9__ our personal space even further, users say these disconnecting __10__ are improving their relationships — and __11__ their brains.‎ ‎“Disconnecting is something that we all need，” Lesley M. M. Blume, a New York writer, told The New York Times. “The expectation that we must always be __12__ to everyone creates a real problem in trying to __13__ private time. But that private time is more important than ever.”‎ A popular method for __14__ is to choose a box for your cellphone, like Ms. Holley.“__15__ my phone is lighting up, it's still a distraction (使人分心的事物), so it goes in the __16__，”she said.‎ Others choose new __17__.“No screens after 11 p．m.，”said Ari Melber, a TV host.“I found the evenings were more __18__， and I was sleeping better，”he said.‎ Sleep is a big factor, which is why Peter Som, a fashion designer, doesn't want to sleep __19__ something that is full of photos and emails. He keeps his phone charging in the living room overnight.“It __20__ is ‎ a headclearer，”said Mr. Som.‎ 语篇解读：在日常生活中，很多人过度依赖手机，本文介绍了几位名人利用各种策略来减少手机的使用，以给自己留出个人时间。‎ ‎1．A.wallets B．handbags C．watches D．phones 解析：选D　本文的主题是如何远离手机，结合上文的“the phone pile game”可知，此处指吃饭时大家把手机放在桌子中间。故选D项。‎ ‎2．A.pays B．waits C．prepares D．reaches 解析：选A　根据上下文可知，他们是在餐馆吃饭，因此，此处表示“谁在账单到来之前看手机谁就得买单”。pay for意为“为……付钱”，符合语境。故选A项。‎ ‎3．A.examining B．ignoring C．charging D．finding 解析：选B　根据第二段的内容可推知，布兰登·霍利在控制自己不看手机方面有困难，所以她想了个办法：从六个月前开始，她一进门就把手机放到一个奶粉罐里。examine意为“考试；检查”；ignore意为“不理会；忽视”；charge意为“收费；开价；控告”；find意为“发现”。故选B项。‎ ‎4．A.at the moment B．for the moment C．the moment D．in a moment 解析：选C　设空处前后为结构完整的句子，因此，中间需要连词连接。根据语境，此处指她一回到家，the moment意为“一……就……”，符合语境。at the moment意为“此时此刻”；for the moment意为“暂时；目前”；in a moment意为“马上；很快”。‎ ‎5．A.bell B．device C．clock D．alarm 解析：选B　根据下文“computers and phones”可知，此处指能发出声音的设备(device)。句意：时尚设计师马克·雅各布斯不想睡在吵闹的设备旁边，因此他禁止在卧室里放置电脑和手机。故选B项。‎ ‎6．A.banned B．lost C．collected D．adjusted 解析：选A　根据上文“didn't want to sleep next to a noisy ________”可知，此处指他禁止在卧室里放置这些设备。ban意为“禁止；取缔”，符合语境。lose意为“失去；丧失”；collect意为“收集”；adjust意为“调整；适应”。‎ ‎7．A.talked B．agreed C．provided D．shared 解析：选D　根据马克·雅各布斯的职业及下文的“with audiences during a screening of his film Disconnect”可知，这是他在公众场合与观众分享(shared)的经验。故选D项。talk意为“谈论”；agree意为“同意”；provide意为“提供”。‎ ‎8．A.intend B．choose C．continue D．happen 解析：选C　根据下文“even further”可知，手机在持续(continue)进入我们的生活。故选C项。intend to do sth.意为“打算做某事”；choose to do sth.意为“选择做某事”；happen to do sth.意为“碰巧做某事”。‎ ‎9．A.defend B．threaten C．improve D．save 解析：选B　根据上文的“make their way into our lives”可知，电子设备侵占我们的私人空间，再结合人们所采取的脱离策略可知，threaten(威胁)符合语境。‎ ‎10．A.techniques B．practices C．examples D．achievements 解析：选A　文章前三段提到谁在账单到来之前看手机就得买单、一进门就把手机放到一个奶粉罐里以及禁止在卧室里放置电脑和手机都是一些不使用电子设备的例子，这些都是关于脱离手机的技巧(techniques)。故选A项。practice意为“练习；实践”；example意为“例子”；achievement意为“成就”。‎ ‎11．A.yet B．ever C．just D．even 解析：选D　结合上下文可知，电子设备在不断侵占我们的私人空间，远离电子设备对于我们所有人来说都很有必要，它可以改善人们之间的关系，甚至思维方式。根据语境，设空处表示程度更进一步。故选D项。‎ ‎12．A.dependable B．available C．convenient D．appealing 解析：选B　根据上下文可知，如果不偶尔脱离电子设备，随时准备与他人保持联系，这容易使我们疲于应付，而没有了个人空间。故选B项。available意为“有空的；可利用的”。‎ ‎13．A.figure out B．save up C．set aside D．take up 解析：选C　根据语境可知，时时保持与别人联系的期望在留出个人时间方面产生了一个问题。set aside意为“‎ 留出，拨出(金钱、时间等)”，符合语境。‎ ‎14．A.connecting B．distributing C．entertaining D．disconnecting 解析：选D　上文都在谈论disconnecting的重要性，结合本段中提到的“to choose a box for your cellphone”可知此处指脱离(disconnecting)手机的方法，故选D项。此处为原词重现。‎ ‎15．A.Unless B．If C．Since D．Although 解析：选B　根据句意“如果手机屏幕亮起，这依然是分心的事，因此……”可知，设空处引导条件句，故选B项。‎ ‎16．A.box B．room C．pocket D．bag 解析：选A　根据上文的“A popular method for ________ is to choose a box for your cellphone”可知，手机屏幕亮起仍是一件让人分心的事情，所以就把它放到一个盒子里。故选A项。上文的“choose a box”也是提示。‎ ‎17．A.games B．orders C．steps D．rules 解析：选D　上文所述的是一些人远离手机的规则，再根据空后的“No screens after 11 p．m.，”可知，其他人选择了不同的规则。故选D项。game意为“游戏；体育活动”；order意为“命令；顺序”；step意为“步骤”。‎ ‎18．A.flexible B．urgent C．relaxing D．upset 解析：选C　根据下文的“...and I was sleeping better”‎ 可知，睡得好说明放松了。flexible意为“灵活的；柔韧的”；urgent意为“紧急的；急切的”；relaxing意为“使人放松的”；upset意为“烦恼的；不快的”。‎ ‎19．A.far from B．next to C．beyond D．within 解析：选B　这里对应第三段的“And Marc Jacobs, the fashion designer, didn't want to sleep next to a noisy ________.”以及下文的“keeps his phone charging in the living room overnight”；由他把手机放到客厅可知，他不喜欢把手机放在旁边睡觉。far from意为“远离”；next to意为“紧挨着”；beyond意为“超出；非……所及”；within意为“在……之内”。故选B项。‎ ‎20．A.definitely B．rarely C．finally D．originally 解析：选A　根据上下文可知，此处指把手机放到客厅的好处：这绝对是种大脑清洁剂。definitely意为“确切地；肯定地”；rarely意为“罕见地”；finally意为“最终”；originally意为“原先地；最初地”。根据语境可知选A项。‎ Ⅵ.短文改错 In order to enrich all students' life, a tour to Dengtaijia Tourist Attraction arranged by the Students' Union on August 18th. The attraction is one of Shimantan National Forest Park attraction. Located in Wugang city, Pingdingshan, it is wellknown with its highest peak looks like an ancient lampstand. We started out by the bus at 6：30 am at the school gate. But after we got there at about 8：00 am, we began to climb the highest peak. A delicious lunch was careful prepared at farmers' cottages for them. In the afternoon, we went for a wonder boat ride in the ‎ Shimantan Reservoir, after that we gathered at 5 pm and returned.‎ 答案：第一句：arranged前加was 第二句：attraction→attractions 第三句：with→for; looks→looking 第四句：去掉bus前的the 第五句：But→And 第六句：careful→carefully; them→us 第七句：wonder→wonderful; that→which