高考英语（阅读理解）考前冲刺训练（6） 及答案解析 6页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。高考英语（阅读理解）考前冲刺训练（6）及答案解析(第***篇)NewarchaeologicaldiscoveriessuggestthattradebetweenEuropeandAsiaalongtheSilkRoadprobablybeganinsomeformmanycenturiesearlierthanoncethought.Thefindings,coupledwithawideningrangeofscientificandhistoricalresearch,couldaddafascinatingnewpagetotheepicoftheSilkRoad.ThelatestandmostsurprisingdiscoveryispiecesofsilkfoundinthehairofanEgyptianmummyfromabout1,000BC，longbeforeregulartrafficontheSilkRoadandatleastonethousandyearsbeforesilkwaspreviouslythoughttobeusedinEgypt.Otherresearchmayextendhumanactivityalongthisroutebackevenfurther,perhapsamillionyearstothemigrationofhumanancestorsintoeasternAsia.TheofficialoriginofEastWestcommercealongtheroadisusuallyplacedinthelate2ndcenturyBCwhenanagentoftheChineseEmperorWudireturnedfromadangeroussecretmission(使命)acrossthewesterndesertintotheremotehighcountryofCentralAsia.Theagent,ZhangQian,travelledasfarasAfghanistanandbroughtbackknowledgeofevenmoredistantlandssuchasPersia，SyriaandaplaceknownasLijien,perhapsRome.Historianshavecalledthisoneofthemostimportantjourneysinancienttimes.Hisjourneyopenedthewayforwhathavebeenthoughttobethefirstindirectcontactsbetweentheancientworld’stwosuperpowers,ChinaandRome.Chinesesilk,firsttradedtocentralAsiantribesforwarhorsesandtotheParthiansofoldPersiainexchangeforacrobatsandostricheggs，wassoonfindingitswaythroughanetworkofmerchantstotheluxurymarketsofRome.ButthenewdiscoveriesshowthatChinesesilkwasapparentlypresentintheWestlongbeforetheHanemperorstartedorganizedtradeovertheSilkRoad.TheresearchcouldchangethinkingabouttheearlyhistoryofworldtradeandprovideinsightsintothemysteryofjusthowandwhenEuropeandtheMediterraneanlandsfirstbecameawareofthegloriouscultureattheotherendofEurasia.[语篇解读]　最新的考古学研究表明，古代欧亚大陆之间的主要贸易通道——丝绸之路，其起源可能比我们之前认为的要早许多世纪。5．Theword“coupled”inthefirstparagraphcouldbestbereplacedby________.A.producedB.continued-6- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C.doubledD.combined[解析]　猜测词义题。由第一段第二句的句意“这些发现，综合广泛的、科学的、历史的研究可以增添丝绸之路历史新纪元迷人的一页”可以推知答案为D。[答案]　D6．ThesilkthreadfoundinthehairofanEgyptianmummysuggeststhat________.A.EgyptianshadprobablytravelledtoChinatobuysilkB.tradealongtheSilkRoadbeganearlierthanoncethoughtC.historicalresearchoftenachievesfascinatingresultsD.newlightcannowbethrownonancienttradingpractices[解析]　推理判断题。由末段首句可以推断出在汉武帝之前就有了丝绸之路的贸易，故B项正确。A项不合常识和事实；C项句意本身没有错误但太宽泛；D项这一事实可以阐明古代贸易实践，不合文意，故排除。[答案]　B7．UntilrecentlymosthistoriansbelievedthattradealongtheSilkRoad________.A.originatedinthe2ndcenturyBCB.extendedhumanmigrationintoeasternAsiaC.beganamillionyearsagoD.primarilybenefitedtheEgyptians[解析]　事实细节题。由第三段首句可知答案为A。[答案]　A8．HistorianshavealwaysconsideredZhangQian’smissionimportantbecausetheybelieve________.A.hebroughtbackknowledgeofRometotheemperorB.hediscoveredtheSilkRoadC.hehelpedestablishEastWesttradeD.hetravelledasfarasAfghanistan[解析]　推理判断题。由第三段内容可知C正确。[答案]　C[长难句解读]　TheresearchcouldchangethinkingabouttheearlyhistoryofworldtradeandprovideinsightsintothemysteryofjusthowandwhenEuropeandtheMediterraneanlandsfirstbecameawareofthegloriouscultureattheotherendof-6- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Eurasia.这项研究可能改变人们关于世界贸易早期历史的看法，进一步洞察了对欧洲和地中海地区何时及怎样知道在欧亚大陆的另一端存在着辉煌的文化的奥秘。*****************************************************结束(第***篇)Successfulpeopleininternationalbusinessunderstandtheculturesofothercountriesandlearntochangetheirpracticesindifferentcultures.Theyunderstandtheimportanceofavoidingbusinessdecisionsbasedonmisconceptions—mistakenideas.Onecauseofmisconceptionsisethnocentrism,thebeliefthatone’sownculture’swayofdoingthingsisbetterthanthewayofothercultures.It’sethnocentrismthatleadstofailureininternationalbusiness.Toavoidethnocentrism,it’snecessarytostudythedifferentelements(组成部分)ofculture：language,valuesandattitudes,andcustomsandmanners.LanguageAknowledgeofthelocallanguagecanhelpinternationalbusinesspeopleinfourways.First,peoplecancommunicatedirectly.Second,peopleareusuallymoreopenintheircommunicationwithsomeonewhospeakstheirlanguage.Third,anunderstandingofthelanguageallowspeopletoinfermeaningsthatarenotsaiddirectly.Finally,knowingthelanguagehelpspeopletounderstandtheculturebetter.ValuesandAttitudesValuesarepeople’sbasicbeliefsaboutthedifferencebetweenrightandwrong,goodandbad.Anattitudeisawayofthinkingoracting.Valuesandattitudesinfluenceinternationalbusiness.Forexample，manypeopleintheUnitedStatesbelievethatchocolatefromSwitzerlandisbetterthanchocolatefromothercountries,andtheybuyalotofit.CustomsandMannersCustomsarecommonsocialpractices.Mannersarewaysofactingthatthesocietybelievesarepolite.Forexample,intheUnitedStates,itisthecustomtohavesalad(色拉)beforethemaincourseatdinner,notafter.It’snotacceptabletotalkwithfoodinmouthattable.Failuretounderstandthecustomsandmannersofothercountrieswillbringdifficultysellingtheirproducts.OrangejuiceasabreakfastdrinkofanAmericancompanyinFrancedoesn’tsellwellbecausetheFrenchdon’tusuallydrinkjuicewithbreakfast.-6- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。[语篇解读]　成功的国际商人之所以能取得成功，一个重要原因是他们能够理解不同的民族文化，并能够根据不同的文化而改变自己的行为。针对如何避免每个人心中由来已久的“民族优越感”，文章就态度和价值观及风俗习惯等几方面提出了建议。1．Aknowledgeofthelocallanguageallowsinternationalbusinesspeople________.A.tobemoreopenwiththeircustomersB.tocommunicatewithoutoutsidehelpC.toexpresstheirthoughtsindirectlyD.tohaveabetterideaoftheirownculture[解析]　事实细节题。由第三段中的First，peoplecancommunicatedirectly.可知本题选B。[答案]　B2．TheactofmanypeoplebuyingchocolateofSwitzerlandshowstheroleof________.A.manners　　　　　　　　B.valuesC.attitudesD.customs[解析]　推理判断题。由ValuesandAttitudes这一部分Anattitudeisawayofthinkingoracting.可知答案为C。[答案]　C3．Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MisconceptionsinBusinessB.BasicBeliefsinBusinessC.InternationalBusinessCultureD.SuccessfulInternationalBusiness[解析]　主旨大意题。第二段是文章的主题段，由本段可知本题选C。[答案]　C4．Theauthor’spurposeofwritingthisarticleistotellpeople________.A.howtotakearightattitudeinbusinessB.howtoavoidmisunderstandingsinbusinessC.howtousealocallanguageinbusinessD.howtoactpolitelyandproperlyinbusiness[解析]　推理判断题。由第二段可知作者的写作意图是针对如何避免每个人心中由来已久的“民族优越感”提出建议，故本题选B。[答案]　B*****************************************************结束(第***篇)Societiesallovertheworldnameplacesinsimilarways.Quiteoftenthereis-6- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。noofficialnamingceremonybutplacestendtobecallednamesaspointsofreferencebypeople.Thenanorganizedbodystepsinandgivestheplaceaname.Frequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonames：Oneisnamedbythepeopleandtheotherbythegovernment.Asinmanyareas,oldhabitsdie-hard,_andtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost.ManyroadsandplacesinSingapore(新加坡)arenamedinorderthatthepioneerswillberememberedbyfuturegenerations.ThuswehavenamessuchasStamfordRoadandRafflesPlace.Thisisinkeepingwithtraditionsinmanycountries—inboththeWestandtheEast.Anotherwayofnamingplacesisnamingthemafterotherplaces.Perhapstheywerenamedtopromotefriendshipsbetweenthetwoplacesoritcouldbethatthepeoplewhousedtolivetherewereoriginallyfromtheplacesthattheroadswerenamedafter.ThemysteryisclearerwhenweseesomeoftheroadsnamedinformerBritishbases.IfyoustepintoSelectorAirbaseyouwillseePiccadillyCircusobviouslynamedbysomehomesickRoyalAirForcepersonnel.Someplaceswerenamedaftertheactivitiesthatusedtogoonatthoseplaces.BrasBasahRoadisaninterestingexample.“BrasBasah”means“wetrice”inMalay(马来语).Nowwhywouldanyonewanttonamearoad“WetRiceRoad”？Thereasonissimple.Duringthepioneeringdays,wetricewaslaidouttodryalongthisroad.AfewroadsinSingaporearenamedbytheirshapes.Thereis“CircularRoad”forone.Otherroadsmayhavepartoftheirnamestodescribetheirshapes，like“PayaLebarCrescent”.Thisroadiscalledacrescent(月牙)becauseitbeginsonthemainroad，makesacrescentandcomesbacktojointhemainroadagain.[语篇解读]　本文议论世界上不同地区的人们以类似的方式为地点命名，如：以先驱者的名字命名；以其他地点的名字命名；以活动的名称命名；以形状命名等。1.WelearnfromParagraph1that________.A.thegovernmentisusuallythefirsttonameaplaceB.manyplacestendtohavemorethanonenameC.aceremonywillbeheldwhenaplaceisnamedD.peopleprefertheplacenamesgivenbythegovernment[解析]　推理判断题。从第一段第四句Frequentlyithappensthataplacehastwonames：Oneisnamed...推论可知。[答案]　B2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“diehard”inParagraph1probablymean?-6- 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。A.Changesuddenly.B.Changesignificantly.C.Disappearmysteriously.D.Disappearveryslowly.[解析]　猜测词义题。从diehard后句．..andtheplacecontinuestobecalledbyitsunofficialnamelongafterthemeaningislost.的意思可判断diehard的词义应为：消失得很慢。[答案]　D3.Whichofthefollowingplacesisnamedafteraperson?A.RafflesPlace.B.SelectorAirbase.C.PiccadillyCircus.D.PayaLebarCrescent.[解析]　事实细节题。根据第二段的第一句(特别是pioneers“先驱者”一词)和第二句的内容得知：RafflesPlace应是指先驱者的名字。[答案]　A4.BrasBasahRoadisnamed________.A.afterapersonB.afteraplaceC.afteranactivityD.byitsshape[解析]　事实细节题。根据第四段第一句和第二句内容很明确地判断：BrasBasah是活动名称。[答案]　C5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.SomeplacenamesinSingaporearethesameasinBritain.B.SomeplacesinSingaporearenamedformilitarypurposes.C.ThewaySingaporeansnametheirplacesisunique.D.YoungSingaporeanshaveforgottenthepioneers.[解析]　推理判断题。从第三段最后一句可知。PiccadillyCircus皮卡迪利广场(即伦敦戏院及娱乐中心)。[答案]　A******************************************************结束-6-