高考英语二轮复习与增分策略专题一阅读理解第三节题组练习10说理议论社会文化应用广告逸闻趣事 10页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。说理议论+社会文化+应用广告+逸闻趣事A(2017·四川乐山调研)Whenpeoplearoundyouagreewithyou，itimprovesyourconfidenceandallowsyoutorelaxandfeelcomfortable.Unfortunately，thatcomfortusuallykeepsyouawayfromachievingmoresuccessinyourcareer，especiallywhenyouareinaleaderposition.Soitfeelsnicetohavepeopleagree，butyouneedsomeregularconflicts，thatistosay，tohavepeopleraisedifferentviewssothatyoucandigoutthedeepertruthandavoidsufferingfrombeingtoomuchonjustoneside.Sodoyouoftenshareyouropinionsonmostsubjectswithpeoplearoundyouandencouragethemtodebate？Ifyes，setitasatraditioninyourcompanyordepartment.Atfirst，itseemsachallengetocreateanenvironmentwherepeopleareinfreeatmospheretodisagreeandargue，butremember：fromsharpconflictscomesoundjudgments，andfromsoundjudgmentscomerightdecisions.That’sbecausemostofthetimeyouhavetocollectdifferentopinionsfromdifferentanglestohelpyourselfidentifyyourblindspotsbeforeyouformtherealbrilliantideas.However，effectivedebatesdonotrequireangryquarrelsandembarrassments.Soyouneedtosetsomegroundrulessoeveryoneunderstandsresponsibilities，boundariesandrewards.RuleNo.1：Thegoalofdebatingisnottowinoverothersbuttogettothetruththatwillallowyouandyourstafftomovefasterandbetter.RuleNo.2：Fiercedebatingwithstrongemotionhurtsfeelingsanddoesharmtoteamwork.Sorepeatedlyremindyourstaff，bestwithsmilesandhumors，thatthisisfriendlyopinionsharingtimeforacommongoalinsteadofabattlebetweentwoenemiestryingwithfulleffortstobeattheotheronedowntoearth.RuleNo.3：Allthoseinvolvedinthedebatesshallgetrewardswhenthegoalsarereached，thustheyknowhowmuchyouappreciatetheircontributions.Themoretheyfeelappreciated，themorethey’llbewillingtocontributetheirtalentswithfullheartinthefuture.语篇解读　本文讨论了有效的辩论的意义及辩论时应遵循的原则。1．Whathappenswhenyourstaffallagreewithyou?A．Itmayimproveyourworkeffectively.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。B．Itcreatesharmoniousworkingatmosphere.C．Youarelikelytomakemorerightdecisions.D．Youmayhaveproblemsincareeradvancing.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一、二句可知，这可能会阻碍你的事业进一步发展。故选D。2．Itisimportanttocarryondebatesamongyourstaffbecauseyoucan.A．godeeperintruth-seekingcourseB．createafreeatmospheretodebateC．findsharpconflictsindebatingD．findpeoplewhosupportyou答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“Soitfeelsnicetohavepeopleagree，butyouneedsomeregularconflicts，thatistosay，tohavepeopleraisedifferentviewssothatyoucandigoutthedeepertruthandavoidsufferingfrombeingtoomuchonjustoneside.”可知，这可以使你更深入地寻求真理，故选A。3．Whichofthefollowingiseffectiveinavoidingblinddebates?A．Encouragingyourstafftowinoverothers.B．Remindingyourstafftowearsmilesandbehumorous.C．Announcingthatitisopinionsharinginsteadofquarrels.D．Rewardingthosewhoappreciateyourcontribution.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段可知宣布这是意见分享而不是争吵是避免盲目争吵的有效方法。故选C。4．Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A．AppreciatetheContributionofYourStaffB．SeekDebatesActivelyforAdvancementC．BrilliantIdeasComeFromFierceDebatesD．FindTalentedStafffromFreeDebates答案　B解析　标题归纳题。根据文章内容可知，有效的辩论会促进进步。故B项符合题意。B(2017·四川乐山调研)MOOCs，anacronym(缩写词)for“massiveopenonlinecourses”，markanimportant，possiblyrevolutionary，developmentineducation.Thesecoursesare10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。online，freeofcharge，andopentoanyoneintheworldwhohasalaptopandanInternetconnection.Moreover，theyaremainlyofferedbyeliteuniversitieslikeStanford，Berkeley，HarvardandColumbia.Thecourses，likenormalcollegecourses，arearrangedinorderbydifficulty，enablingstudentstoprogressfrombeginnerstotheadvanced.Thecoursescovernotonlyabroadrangeoftechnicalsubjectssuchasmathandcomputerscience，butalsocoursesinthesocialsciencesandthehumanities.ThoughMOOCsarenotofferedforcreditanddegree，manystudentsenrollin(选课)thecoursesforrealskillsorknowledgewhichtheycanputtosomepracticaluse.Somestudentsevenformonlinestudygroups，orin-persongroupswithstudentswholivenearby.Theformatseemssuperiortothetraditionalschoolclass.Theaveragequalityofthelecturerismuchhigher，becausestudentsdonothavetostickwithanordinarylecturer.Besides，studentscanrollbackorforward—inshort，theycangoattheirownlearningspeed，whichtheycannotdoinalivelecture.And，ofgreatimportance，theydonothavetotravelanywheretoattendanonlinelecture.Onecanobtainafirst-classAmericancollegeeducationwhereverheorshelivesandhoweverlittlemoneyheorshehas.Thereisaproblemofaskingquestionsofthelecturerinaclassoftenthousandstudents，butsomeMOOCshavesolveditbyallowingstudentstopostquestionsonlineforavote，andonlythemostpopularquestionsareputtothelecturer.Inaknowledgeera，lifelonglearningisnotlimitedtoatraditionalclassroom.Ofcourse，studentsenrollinginMOOCscannotbecomparedwiththosewhoareintraditionaluniversities，butweneedtorethinkwhata“students”is.StudentsinMOOCsareveryclever，haveworkexperience，andinmanycases，havealreadydevelopedasetofcore(核心)competences.Moreover，theyalsoofferuniqueinternationalperspectives(视野)thatwouldbetheenvyofanyschoolclassroom.语篇解读　本文提到现在流行的慕课MOOCs——在线网络课程的缩写，相比传统课程，慕课不仅课程质量比较高，学生还可以按自己的进度进行学习。5．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaboutMOOCs?A．Theword“MOOCs”isshortfor“massiveopenonlinecampuses”．B．MOOCsmaybeabreakthroughinthedevelopmentofeducation.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。C．MOOCsareofferedbyfirst-classuniversitiesandhighschools.D．AnyonewhohasacomputercantakeMOOCs.答案　A解析　细节理解题。由第一段第一句“MOOCs，anacronym(缩写词)for‘massiveopenonlinecourses’，markanimportant，possiblyrevolutionary，developmentineducation.”可知MOOCs不是massiveopenonlinecampuses的缩写。6．StudentsenrollinMOOCsmainlyfor.A．creditsB．degreesC．skillsD．studygroups答案　C解析　细节理解题。第三段提到“ThoughMOOCsarenotofferedforcreditanddegree，manystudentsenrollin(选课)thecoursesforrealskillsorknowledgewhichtheycanputtosomepracticaluse.”可知选C。7．MOOCsseemtohaveanadvantageovertraditionalschoolclassesbecause.a．theaveragequalityofthelecturerishigherb．studentscantraveltomanyplaceswhentakingMOOCsc．studentscanlearnattheirownstudypaced．thereisaproblemofaskingquestionsintraditionalclassesA．a，bB．b，cC．a，cD．b，d答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据四段第二句中的“Theaveragequalityofthelecturerismuchhigher...”和第五段中的“Besides，studentscanrollbackorforward—inshort，theycangoattheirownlearningspeed...”可知，MOOCs的优势是讲师质量比较高和学生可以按自己的进度进行学习。故选C项。8．WhichofthefollowingwordsisthebesttodescribestudentsenrollinginMOOCs?A．Ordinary.B．Creative.C．Subjective.D．Competent.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知选D。C(2017·广西柳州高级中学模拟)TeenCreativeWritingResidency(培训)atAtlanticCenterfortheArtsJoinotherteensforanintensiveten-daywritingresidencywithMasterWriters10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。attheworld-renownedAtlanticCenterfortheArts.TheResidencyTheTeenCreativeWritingResidencyisasummerwritingresidencythatoffers9th―12thgradeteenswritingworkshopsandmentorship(辅导)bydistinguishedauthorsinpoetry，fiction，andnon-fiction.TheTeenCreativeWritingResidencywillbeheldatAtlanticCenterfromJuly13throughJuly26，offering21teensfromaroundthecountryanextraordinaryopportunitytoexpandthepoweroftheirindividualvoicesthroughwritingworkshopswithMasterWriters.ResidencyScheduleTeenWriterswilljointhreeMasterWriters-in-Residence，oneineachofthefollowinggenres(类型)—poetry，fiction，andnon-fiction.ThementorshipwiththeMasterWriters-in-Residencewillbethefocus，butthechancetohaveconversationswiththeotherVisitingWritersandparticipatingTeenWriterswillbevaluable.ClassesmeetMonday―Fridayfortwohoursofworkshops.TeenWriterswillhavetheopportunitytofocusononegenre，whilealsoexploringtheotherformsofliteraturethroughworkshopsandconversation.AdmissionTheselectionprocessfortheuniqueliteraryresidencyopportunitywillbecompetitive.AtlanticCenterreceivestheapplications，andthejudgesevaluatewritingsamples.Asclasssizesarekeptsmalltoprovidethehighestqualityinstruction，notallqualifiedwritersmaybeaccepted.Applicationsshouldincludethefollowing：1．CoverLetter：Yourname，address，age，phonenumber(s)．2．WritingSample(3pages)：Yourwritingsampleshouldbeinyourpreferredformofliterature.语篇解读　本文介绍了大西洋艺术中心的青少年创意写作培训项目。9．Whomisthewritingresidencyheldfor?A．Teensallovertheworld.B．Teensalloverthecountry.C．Authorsofliterature.D．VisitingWriters.答案　B解析　细节理解题。根据TheResidency中的“TheTeenCreativeWritingResidencywill10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。beheldatAtlanticCenterfromJuly13throughJuly26，offering21teensfromaroundthecountryanextraordinaryopportunitytoexpandthepoweroftheirindividualvoicesthroughwritingworkshopswithMasterWriters.”可知选B。10．WhatdoesaMasterWriter-in-Residenceteach?A．Writingandreading.B．Writingandspeaking.C．Allofthethreeliteratureforms.D．Oneofthethreeliteratureforms.答案　D解析　细节理解题。根据ResidencySchedule中的“TeenWriterswilljointhreeMasterWriters-in-Residence，oneineachofthefollowinggenres(类型)—poetry，fiction，andnon-fiction.”可知选D。10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。11．WhichofthefollowingisNOTrequiredtobeintheCoverLetter?A．Name.B．Address.C．Educationbackground.D．Age.答案　C解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“1.CoverLetter：Yourname，address，age，phonenumber(s)．”可知选C项。12．Whatarethewritingsamplesusedfor?A．Judgingwhethertheapplicantscanbeaccepted.B．Judgingwhatformofliteraturetheteenslikebest.C．Choosingwinnersinthewritingcompetitions.D．SelectingTeenWritersforthewritingcompetitions.答案　A解析　细节理解题。根据Admission中的“Asclasssizesarekeptsmalltoprovidethehighestqualityinstruction，notallqualifiedwritersmaybeaccepted.”可知，写作样本是为了判断申请人是否可以被接纳。故选A。D(2017·河北衡水中学联考)ScientistsinBritainhavemanagedtoteachbumblebees(大黄蜂)topullstringstogettofoodandthenpassonwhattheyhavelearnedtoothersintheircolony(群体)—showingahighlevelofintelligencedespitetheirtinybrains.ResearchersatQueenMaryUniversityofLondonsaidtheexperiments，oftenusedtotesttheintelligenceofapes(猿)andbirds，showedforthefirsttimethatsomeinsectsareuptothetask，andcanalsopassskillsonthroughseveralgenerations.Thefindingsaddtotheevidencesuggestingtheabilityfor“culturespread”—theabilitytolearnandpassonknowledgeandskills—maynotbeexclusivetohumans.Intheresearch，publishedinthejournalPLOSBiologyonTuesday，thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet.Thestringswereattachedtodiscs—orartificial“flowers”—containingfoodattheircenterbutplacedunderatransparentscreen.Thebees，spottingthefoodbeneaththescreen，learnedtopullthe“flowers”outbypullingthestringwiththeirlegsandfeettobeabletogettoit.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。Fromanothergroupofbeesgiventhechancetosolvethetaskwithoutanytraining，onlytwoof110weresuccessful.Anothergroupofbeeswasthenallowedtoobservethetrainedbeespullingthestrings，and60percentofthemsuccessfullylearnedtheskill.Finally，trainedbeeswereputincolonies，andthescientistsfoundthetechniquespreadsuccessfullytoamajorityofthecolony’sworkerbees.LarsChittka，aQueenMaryUniversityprofessorwhoguidedtheproject，saidtheteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthebrainprocessesbehindthebees’learningandteachingskills.语篇解读　本文介绍了大黄蜂经过训练可以习得某种技能，还会传播自己所学的技能。13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exclusive”inParagraph3probablymean?A．Ordinary.B．Unique.C．Beneficial.D．Widespread.答案　B解析　词义猜测题。第二段中提出，不仅猿和鸟类有学习和传播知识的能力，一些昆虫也有这样的能力。第二段和第三段中的关键词also和addtotheevidence提示，这种能力并非人类独有的。故选B项。14．Whatdidtheresearchersfindaboutbees?A．Beeslearnbestininsects.B．Beesareascleverasbirds.C．Beesareborngoodlearners.D．Beescanbetrainedtolearnskills.答案　D解析　细节理解题。依据第四段中的“thescientistswereabletotrain23outofagroupof40beestopullstringswiththeirlegsandfeet”可知，科学家发现大黄蜂经过训练可以学会技能。故选D项。15．Whatmaytheresearchteamfocusonnext?A．Whatelsebeescando.B．Wherebeeslearnskills.C．Howbeesteachothers.D．Howbees’brainswork.答案　D解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“...theteamisinterestedinfiguringoutthe10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。brainprocessesbehindthebees’learningandteachingskills.”可知，科研团队对大黄蜂学习和传播技能的大脑思考过程很感兴趣，因此，接下来他们应该会研究大黄蜂大脑的工作原理。故选D项。Ⅰ.单词梳理1．Tomblameshislackofconfidence(confident)onhismother.2．Thehostessmadeherguestscomfortable(comfort)．3．Thefactscouldcauseembarrassment(embarrass)iftheyeverbecamepublic.4．Hehasmadeanimportantcontribution(contribute)tothecompany’ssuccess.5．Hehasamaster’sdegreeineducation(educate)．6．Thereisnoconnection(connect)betweenthem.7．Thewritingofpoems，storiesorplaysisoftencalledcreative(create)writing.8．Heisaveryfamouswriter(write)inthiscountry.9．It’sgettingverycompetitive(compete)inthecarindustry.10．Heleftthemanagement(manage)ofthefirmtohisson.Ⅱ.短语提炼A．英汉互译1．keepawayfrom　　　　　　避开；(使)不接近2．digout掘出；发现3．sufferfrom遭受；因……而蒙受损害4．freeofcharge免费5．秩序井然；按顺序；状况良好inorder6．与某人进行对话haveconversationswith7．转交；递给；传给passon8．胜任；该由……负责beuptoB．运用上述短语完成下列句子1．Wecandelivergoodstoyourdoorfreeofcharge.2．Youshouldkeepthefishawayfromthecat.3．Hewasasbusyasabeetryingtoputthehouseinorder.4．Itisuptometogetthefourofusmoving.5．Mostoftheimportantcitiesoftheworldsufferfromtrafficjam.6．Itisnoteasytodigoutthepast.10 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。7．Thisringhasbeenpassedoninmyfamilyfrommothertodaughter.8．Ihadaninterestingconversationwithareporteraboutjobhuntingrecently.Ⅲ.翻译与仿写1．Onecanobtainafirst-classAmericancollegeeducationwhereverheorshelivesandhoweverlittlemoneyheorshehas.句式分析　句中“whereverheorshelivesandhoweverlittlemoneyheorshehas”为wherever和however引导的让步状语从句，在句中作状语。翻译　一个人无论他或她住在哪里，不管他或她有多么少的钱，都可以获得一流的美国大学教育。仿写　不论你到哪里，记住你是中国人。RememberyouareaChinesewhereveryougo.2．Anothergroupofbeeswasthenallowedtoobservethetrainedbeespullingthestrings，and60percentofthemsuccessfullylearnedtheskill.句式分析　句中toobservethetrainedbeespullingthestrings为不定式作主语补足语。翻译　接着让另一群蜜蜂观察受过训练的蜜蜂拉细线，其中的60%成功地学会了该技巧。仿写　有人看到他把自行车偷走了。Hewasseentostealthebike.10