2018年湖南省师大附中高三高考模拟卷（二）试题英语 13页

2018 年湖南省师大附中高三高考模拟卷（二）试题英语 本试题卷分为听力、阅读理解、英语知识运用和写作四个部分，共 14 页。时量 120 分 钟。满分 150 分。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 30 分）（略） 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A English World language Once people dreamed of a language that everybody in the world could understand. Now, for the first time in human history, perhaps there is one—English. It is the official language in more than 50 countries and 250－300 million speak it as a second language. Some say that half the world will be speaking it in the year 2050. Difficult to master? English is not the easiest language to learn—most of its common verbs are irregular and it has a large vocabulary—at least 200，000 words are in common use. Its pronunciation and written form are also very different. User－friendly But some things make it easy—nouns don’t have gender and verbs are less complicated than other languages. There is only one form to speak to someone directly—’you’. Adjectives don’t agree with nouns, and many nouns are often also verbs. English is everywhere Some other languages may have more speakers, like Spanish or Mandarin. But English is used in many different areas. It is the language of transport: most airline pilots and air－traffic controllers use it. At sea a simple form of English is the international language of communication. English for progress It is also the first language of science, technology and education—an estimated 80 per cent of the information stored on the internet is in English and 90 per cent of schoolchildren in European countries study it as their first foreign language. New words Around 25,000 new words and expressions enter the English language every year. Do you know what a helicopter parent is?—a mother or father too involved in the life of their child. And what about a boomerang child?—a young adult who returns to live with their parents for financial reasons. The future of English What is the future of English as a global language? Will another language ever replace it? Many think not—it is already too popular. 21. According to the text, how many people speak English as a second language? A. Around 25，000 million. B. 250－300 million. C. At least 200，000 million. D. 90 million. 解析：第一段中可找到答案。 答案：B 22. According to the text, why could English be used as a global language? A. It has more speakers, compared with other languages. B. Adjectives agree with nouns. C. It is the first language of science, technology and education. D. It is the easiest language to learn. 解析：根据第四段第一句可知 A 错误，从第三段看出 B 错误，从第五段可知 C 正确， 从第二段可知 D 错误。 答案：C 23. Which of the following words best describes the writer’s attitude? A. Objective. B. Subjective. C. Indifferent. D. Critical. 解析：阅读全文可知，作者只是在客观陈述事实，并没有发表个人看法，所以 A 正确。 答案：A B My son Gilbert was eight years old and had been in the Cub Scouts(童子军团) only a short time. Once he was handed a sheet of paper, a block of wood and four tires and told to return home and give them all to his father. That was not an easy task for Gilbert to do. The piece of paper was a set of instructions about how to build a wooden racing car. Gilbert’s father laughed when he read the instructions. The block of wood remained untouched as the weeks passed. Finally, I stepped in to see if I could figure it all out. Having no skills, I decided it would be best if I simply read the instructions and let Gilbert do the work. And he did. Within days, his block of wood was turning into a pinewood racing car. Then the big night came. With his pinewood racing car in his hand and pride in his heart we headed to the big race. As the race was done in elimination fashion(淘汰赛形式), you could keep racing as long as you were the winner. Finally, it was between Gilbert and the fastest－looking car there. As the race was about to begin, Gilbert asked if they could stop for a minute, because he wanted to pray. Then the race stopped. Gilbert prayed in earnest for a very long minute. The Master came up to Gilbert and asked the obvious question, “So you prayed to win, Gilbert?” My young son answered, “Oh, no Sir. It wouldn’t be fair to ask God to help you beat someone else. I just asked him to make it so I don’t cry when I lose.” Children seem to have wisdom far beyond us. Perhaps we spend too much of our prayer time asking God to control the race, make us number one, or remove us from the struggle, when we should be seeking God’s strength to get through our difficulties. 24. The block of wood remained untouched for weeks because________. A. Gilbert didn’t want to make the car B. nobody guided Gilbert through the instructions C. Gilbert’s father was too busy to make the car D. the author promised that she would make the car 解析：从下文可知，妈妈给 Gilbert 念了说明，他就自己把车做好了，所以 A 错误 B 正 确。C 项和 D 项没有提及。 答案：B 25. ________ finally made the pinewood racing car. A. Gilbert B. Gilbert’s father C. The author D. Gilbert and his father 解析：从第二段可知，作者只是给 Gilbert 阅读了说明，是 Gilbert 自己做的车。 答案：A 26. We can infer from the passage that ________． A. Gilbert’s father was irresponsible B. Gilbert was very proud of his car C. Gilbert wanted to win the game very much D. Gilbert was the cleverest child in his class 解析：Gilbert 的爸爸不和他一起做车并不能推出他就是不负责任的，所以 A 错误。从 第三段第二句可知 B 正确。从后文可知 C 错误。D 项没有提及。 答案：B 27. The author wrote the passage in order to tell us that ________． A. winning is the most important thing B. victory is having the courage to overcome difficulties C. we should spend more time with our children D. children have much more wisdom than adults 解析：全文作者的观点是名次并不是最重要的，重要的是有克服困难的勇气。A 项的输 赢不是重点，B 项正确，C 项没有提及，D 项只是作者的一个感慨，且文章句中用的是 seem， 并不是说客观上总是这样，所以 D 错误。 答案：B C Finding fruits and vegetables at your typical grocery store that have been grown without the extensive use of pesticides can be difficult. Fortunately, The Environmental Working Group(EWG) has done all of the work for you in finding healthy and pesticide－free produce. EWG has created the 2018 Shopper’s Guide to Pesticides in Produce, which helps shoppers to find uncontaminated produce. Many consumers do not realize that pesticide residues(残留) are very common on conventionally grown produce products, even after they have been washed or peeled. Because of this, EWG has created their series of guides to lead consumers to safer food choices. In order to create these guides, EWG analyzed the USDA pesticides tests, which found a total of 230 different pesticides and pesticides breakdown products on thousands of produce samples. Analyzing this information, EWG observed the big differences of the amount of pesticides found from product to product. The guide’s two main components are two compiled lists highlighting the cleanest and dirtiest produce concerning pesticides. These two lists, Dirty Dozen and Clean Fifteen, show consumers how certain foods continue to carry trace amounts of pesticides with them all the way to the grocery store shelves, while others make it to your kitchen virtually pesticide－free. Some of the highlights from their analyses included the following findings： · More than one－third of strawberry samples analyzed in 2016 contained 10 or more pesticide residues and breakdown products. · Spinach(菠菜) samples had, on average, almost twice as much pesticide residue by weight compared to any other crop. · No single fruit sample from the Clean Fifteen tested positive for more than four pesticides. “With EWG’s guide, consumers can fill their fridges and fruit bowls with plenty of healthy conventional and organic produce that isn’t contaminated with multiple pesticide residue，” said Sonya Lunder, a senior analyst in EWG. Only 25 years ago, the National Academy of Sciences raised concerns about exposure to poisonous pesticides in our food, yet consumers still consume a mixture of pesticides every day in America. 28. Why did EWG create the 2018 Shopper’s Guide to Pesticides in Produce? A. To analyze the USDA pesticides tests. B. To advertise organic produce. C. To warn some food companies. D. To help consumers make safer choices. 解析：由题干关键词 EWG 和 Shopper’s Guide 定位至第二段，第二段第二句详细解释了 原因。第三句 because of this 与第二句相呼应，后面的 to lead consumers to safer food choices 对原因进行了总结和直接表达，故选 D。 答案：D 29. What is the result from the analysis of the USDA pesticides tests? A. All the samples are polluted. B. 230 pesticides are banned. C. Pesticide amounts vary in products. D. All strawberries are poisonous. 解析：由题干 USDA 和 analysis 定位到第三段最后一句话，analyzing 是 analysis 的同义 替换，故答案隐藏在 Analyzing 的后面，故选 C。 答案：C 30. Where are shoppers most likely to find spinach? A. Dirty Dozen list. B. Organic food advertisement. C. Clean Fifteen list. D. Safer food list. 解析：由题干 spinach 定位到第五段第二个发现，即菠菜含有比其他作物两倍以上的农 药残留物，结合上下文对 4 个选项的含义解释，可得 A 答案。 答案：A 31. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. All conventional produce is safe. B. No pesticides were used on crops 25 years ago. C. Consumers never worry about pesticides. D. Produce safety remains a problem. 解析：最后两段提到消费者在 EWG 的指导下可以选择许多健康无农药残留的产品以及 25 年前科学院就人们的食物中接触有毒农药提出了担忧，但消费者仍然每天都在消费混合 农药。故 A、B 都错，A 错在太绝对，B 和文中事实相反。C 是逻辑错误，假如消费者不担 心，这个组织也不会创建这些指南，消费者也不需要用清洗或者去皮的方法防止食入农药了， 故选 D。 答案：D D Scientists have discovered why the Mona Lisa’s expression looks so different to different people and at different times. For centuries, art lovers and critics have been confused by and debated the Leonardo Da Vinci painting’s gaze and slight smile? But new research from the University of California, San Francisco has shed__new__light on the shining and seemingly changing face of the Mona Lisa. Through experiments, they discovered that our emotions really do change how we see a neutral(中性的) face. Dr Erika Siegel and her colleagues study how our emotions change our perceptions(感知) of the world around us—even when we aren’t aware that something has changed our feelings. This relies on the modern theory of ‘the brain as a predictive organ, instead of a reactive one，’ says Dr Siegel. In other words, ‘we have a lifetime of experience and we use those experiences to predict what we are going to experience next.’ We all have one dominant(支配的) eye and one more passive non－dominant one. If each eye is receiving different information, we only consciously perceive what dominant one sees. But non－dominant sights can still enter our subconscious. They showed 43 people two sets of flashing images at the same time, so that the dominant eye saw and registered neutral expressions, while the non－dominant eye ‘saw’ flashes of neutral, or smiling faces, which they would only subconsciously be aware of. After viewing the flashing faces, the researchers showed the participants options of faces and asked them to pick out which ones they had seen. When their non－dominant eyes had seen a happy face, they were more likely to think the neutral face had actually been smiling, and the same was true for other expressions. This means that ‘if you see the Mona Lisa after you have just had a screaming fight with your husband, you’re going to see the painting differently，’ says Dr Siegel. ‘But if you’re having the time of your life at the Louvre, you’re going to see the mysterious smile,’ she adds. ‘We are the architects of our own experience. Our brain makes predictions about what it expects to see and uses information from the world to update its expectations,’ Dr Siegel says. 32. What is the purpose of Dr Erika Siegel’s research? A. To help appreciate the Mona Lisa. B. To discover why people perceive the same thing differently. C. To win a debate. D. To tell a smiling face from a neutral face. 解析：由题干 Dr Erika Siegel’s research 定位到第三、四、五段，这几段都是围绕情绪如 何影响感知展开，并对人们对《蒙娜丽莎》的不同解读也做出了解释，perceive 是 perception， see 等词的同义替换。 答案：B 33. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to “shed new light” in Paragraph 3? A. Made something bright. B. Provided new explanations. C. Added light－colored paints. D. Increased amount of natural light. 解析：shed light on 是解释某物的意思。shed new light on sth 意为对某物做出新的解释。 答案：B 34. Why did the researchers show the participants two sets of flashing images? A. To play a game. B. To confuse their dominant and non－dominant eyes. C. To strengthen the effect of the non－dominant eyes. D. To provide images of more expressions. 解析：由题干定位到第九段，研究者提供两组照片是为了让主视眼看中性表情，非主视 眼看中性表情或者笑脸来证明 non－dominant sights can still enter our subconscious。如果只提 供一组照片的话两个眼睛看到的都是一样的，非主视眼的作用就发挥不了了，所以选 C。 答案：C 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A. Effects of emotions B. Seeing is believing C. A mysterious research D. Is Mona Lisa smiling? 解析：本文的主要内容是某研究所提出了一个新发现即我们的情绪改变我们的感知，这 个问题很契合这篇文章的主题。 答案：D 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Insomnia, a lack of sleep or sleeplessness, is something of an epidemic(流行病) affecting millions of Americans right now. The National Institutes of Health estimates that 50 million to 70 million Americans of all ages suffer sleep－related problems. Three different types of insomnia exist. 36.________ Insomnia lasting from one night to a few weeks occasionally is referred to as transient. Acute insomnia means consistent inability to sleep well for a period of three weeks to six months. Insomnia is considered to be chronic, the most serious, if it persists almost nightly for at least a month, and sometimes longer. Sleeplessness can be caused by many different things. 37.________ Once the stimulus passes, the ability to sleep will usually return. Chronic sleeplessness may be caused by ongoing health concerns such as the physical pain of arthritis(关节炎) or the emotional pain of anxiety and depression. Those who suffer from sleepless nights may find themselves have the feeling of sleepiness and tiredness during the day. And those who have little sleep may be more affected by both acute and chronic illnesses like high blood pressure and diabetes. Sleeplessness not only has effects on your physical self but also your emotional well－being. 38.________ However, if sleeplessness becomes chronic, the price could be much higher in the form of anxiety or depression. There are numerous ways for mild sleeplessness at home. 39.________ Don’t exercise too much before bedtime; instead, do something to relax yourself. Finally, create an environment which is favorable for sleeping by removing stimulants from your bedroom like extra lighting or a television. 40.________ A. Being unable to sleep well for a few nights may only produce anger. B. Most people experience sleeplessness for an outside stimulus such as stress, improper diet or a poor sleeping environment. C. Prepare your body for sleep by avoiding drinks such as tea or coffee before bed. D. If you still cannot find relief, it may be time to visit your physician for help. E. Insomnia may be classified as transient, acute, and chronic. F. Being unable to sleep well for a few nights may cause serious health problems. G. What is transient insomnia? 解析：略。 答案：EBACD 第三部分 英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分） 第一节（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 30 分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处 的最佳选项。 The aim of advertising is to change our ideas about things we want and need. Many ads use people’s 41 —like fear or love—to persuade us that we need the product. Think of a TV commercial that shows a woman out 42 in a car on a rainy day, with her two small children. 43 , another car turns in front of her. The mother quickly hits the 44 , and her car comes to a stop. The children are 45 smiling and laughing. The message is: This car will keep you safe. Other examples are 46 that tell you to “take vitamins to prevent heart diseases”， or “buy insurance— 47 your family”． Commercials for soft drinks often show everyone in the ad is having a good time. The message is: 48 you buy this drink, you will have a good time too. Many ads like this are based on people’s 49 for fun and enjoyment. Advertising for designer products uses people’s vanity(虚荣心) to 50 the products. The ads try to create a personality for each brand. 51 , one brand of watches is for people who like adventure, 52 ads featuring an auto racer or a pilot wearing them. 53 brand of watches is for elegant and fashionable people, and the ads show wealthy travelers on a cruise ship. The watches look almost the same—only their images are 54 . When you buy that brand of watch, you are buying the 55 . After an ad is prepared, advertisers use psychology to make it more 56 . Psychologists have found that people have positive feelings about things they see more often, so the same ad is used for a long time before it is 57 with a new ad. Other studies found that people 58 an ad better when it is fresh in their memory, 59 TV ads are repeated very often. Knowing about 60 in advertising lets us make better decisions about the things we buy. 41. A. emotions B. hobbies C. senses D. affection 解析：考查名词。根据本句“—like fear or love”破折号后面的内容是对前者的解释说 明，由此可以断定 A“情感”符合句意。 答案：A 42. A. sitting B. riding C. driving D. waiting 解析：考查动词。根据上下文“一位女士在雨天带着两孩子驾着车，突然，另一辆汽车 拐到她前面。”可知 C 符合句意。 答案：C 43. A. Immediately B. Desperately C. Suddenly D. Slowly 解析：考查副词。解析见上题。 答案：C 44. A. engine B. seat C. switch D. brake 解析：考查名词。根据下文 and her car comes to a stop 可知她踩了刹车，所以 D 项正确。 答案：D 45. A. still B. always C. just D. even 解析：考查副词。根据下文 The message is: This car will keep you safe.可知孩子们仍然在 欢歌笑语。 答案：A 46. A. quotes B. slogans C. comments D. requests 解析：考查名词。根据下文“take vitamins to prevent heart diseases”, or “buy insurance ...” 可知另一些例子是一些“标语，广告词”，B 正确，A“引语”，C“评论”，D“请求”。 答案：B 47. A. satisfy B. raise C. shelter D. improve 解析：考查动词。根据上文 that tell you to “take vitamins to prevent heart diseases” or “buy insurance...”可知买保险的目的是保护家人。 答案：C 48. A. Unless B. Until C. As D. If 解析：考查连词。根据上下文可知此处是条件状语从句。 答案：D 49. A. desire B. habit C. discovery D. imagination 解析：考查名词。许多像这样的广告都会基于人们对享乐的追求来设计。 答案：A 50. A. preserve B. produce C. develop D. promote 解析：考查动词。为设计师产品做的广告会利用人们的虚荣心推销产品，所以 D 正确， A“保护，保存”，B“生产”，C“开发”。 答案：D 51. A. In short B. Thus C. However D. For example 解析：考查逻辑连接。根据上下文可知此处应该是举例说明。 答案：D 52. A. for B. with C. through D. on 解析：考查介词。此处是 with 的复合结构。 答案：B 53. A. Other B. The other C. Another D. Others 解析：考查限定词。 答案：C 54. A. elegant B. different C. similar D. flexible 解析：考查形容词。根据上文“The watches look almost the same—only their images are” 此处破折号为转折，“这些表看起来几乎一样，只有给人留下的形象是不同的”，只有 B 符 合语境。 答案：B 55. A. media B. attractiveness C. image D. idea 解析：考查名词。根据上下文逻辑，“当你买那种品牌的手表，实际上是买这种手表带 来的形象”。 答案：C 56. A. effective B. obvious C. suitable D. interesting 解析：考查形容词。根据上文提示“Many ads use people’s 41 —like fear or love—to persuade us that we need the product.”“ Advertising for designer products uses people’s vanity(虚荣心) to 50 the products.”广告利用人们的情感因素、虚荣心来诱导人们 买产品，广告也利用心理因素诱导人们买产品。因此此处应该是“更有效(更能诱导人们买 产品)”。 答案：A 57. A. loaded B. repeated C. removed D. replaced 解析：考查动词。心理学家发现人们对他们经常见到的东西会有积极的态度，因此同一 个广告会播放很长一段时间再由新的广告替换。 答案：D 58. A. live on B. react to C. object to D. rely on 解析：考查词组。其他的研究发现当广告还历历在目时，人们会更好地回应广告，所以 电视广告会经常重复。 答案：B 59. A. although B. so C. since D. but 解析：考查连词。解析见上题。 答案：B 60. A. psychology B. feelings C. products D. message 解析：考查名词。根据上下文逻辑可知此处“了解到广告中运用的心理因素，能让我们 对所买的东西做出更好的判断”。 答案：A 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An unsupervised(无人监管的) flower shop operated by a college student in Beijing is attracting many young customers, Chinese media reported. Different from 61.__________(tradition) shops in the capital, the young storekeeper surnamed Wang opened the first unsupervised flower shop, 62.__________ people can select flowers and pay via mobile payment systems including WeChat and Alipay. Born after 1995 and a lover of fiction, the young man said he 63.__________(begin) the startup because it would not take up his time. “People go to flower shops at any time，” he said. “I cannot concentrate on 64.__________(read) when I have to serve customers.” So Wang opened the self－service flower shop after conducting market research. Most young customers like shopping 65.__________ a free environment, and hate promotion from clerks, he explained, adding that customers can have their questions 66.__________(answer) about categories and names of flowers through mobile apps. Even though there is no shopkeeper, a large number of young customers 67.__________(attract) by the operation so far, which has proved to be a success, at least for now. 68. __________ he does not sell flowers in the shop in person, Wang said he would call at it at odd 69.__________ (interval)every day. “It is a business with small investment, and it will not cause a huge 70.__________ (lose) if a burglary occurs，” he said. 解析：61.考查词性转换。此空后为名词，因此需要填一个形容词来修饰后面的名词。 62.用 where 引导定语从句，修饰前面的 shop 一词。 63.此处考查宾语从句的谓语动词。根据前面的 said 一词可知此处需要用动词过去式。 64.前面为 concentrate on，on 为介词，后需要用动词－ing 形式。 65.根据句意填 in，“in a free environment”意为“在自由轻松的环境中”。 66.考查非谓语动词，与前面的 have 构成 have...done, 表示被动意义。 67.根据后文的 so far 可知此处需要填现在完成时，根据句意可知需要填被动形式。 68.考查连词。 69. interval 为可数名词，根据句意，此处需要填可数名词复数形式。 70.考查词性转换。此空应填名词。 答案：61. traditional 62. where 63. began 64. reading 65. in 66. answered 67. have been attracted 68. Although/Though/While 69. intervals 70. loss 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分 35 分） 第一节 短文改错（共 10 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 10 分） 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共 有 10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。 删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词； 2．只允许修改 10 处，多者(从第 11 处起)不计分。 John, a little boy lived next door, liked fast food very much. His parents were so busy teachers that they had a little time to cook for him at home. So they often took him eat fast food. That’s why John became overweight. My mother had always told his parents that too much fast food was harmful, and they ignored my mother’s advices.The other day the doctor warned him never to eat fast food any more after the poor boy has finished a physical examination. Her parents began to realize what a terribly mistake they had made. Now John’s mother often comes to ask my mother for suggestions how to make healthy food. 解析：略。 答案： John, a little boy lived living next door, liked fast food very much.His parents were so such busy teachers that they had a little time to cook for him at home. So they often took him 错误! eat fast food. That’s why John became overweight. My mother had always told his parents that too much fast food was harmful, and but they ignored my mother’s advices advice .The other day the doctor warned him never to eat fast food any more after the poor boy has had finished a physical examination. Her His parents began to realize what a terribly terrible mistake they had made. Now John’s mother often comes to ask my mother for suggestions 错误! how to make healthy food. 第二节 书面表达（满分 25 分） 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 David 和他的家人将于今年暑假期间来中国旅游。请你给 他写一封邮件，推荐一处地方并说明理由。同时，为他提供一些旅行前的建议，包括：了解 中国文化，学会用筷子，学一些简单的汉语等。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 解析：略。 答案： Dear David, I am delighted to know that you are visiting China with your family during the summer vacation, which will definitely be a wonderful opportunity to experience Chinese culture then. Now I am writing to offer some advice. When it comes to a perfect choice for your travelling, Beijing will be my first recommendation, with its unique history delicately integrated into modern atmosphere. Before your trip, it is strongly suggested that you should make some preparations. Firstly, you should know of some Chinese culture, ensuring that you will behave properly during your stay. Besides, learning how to use chopsticks will no doubt be a necessity to enjoy wonderful Chinese food. What’s more, if you can speak some simple Mandarin, it will be convenient for you to communicate with locals. I sincerely hope my advice will be of help. Feel free to ask if you have any question! Yours, Li Hua