高考英语二轮复习专题04阅读理解Ⅱ：细节理解题讲含解析 25页

真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 1 专题 4 阅读理解Ⅱ：细节理解题 【构建知识体系】 细节理解题 考点 1 事实细节题 考点 2 细节转换与是非判断题 考点 3 数字计算题 考点 4 细节排序题 2015-2017 年全国高考Ⅰ卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测 2015 第一节 关于伦敦运河博物馆每月专题 讲座安排的海报 应用文 0 9 5 1 作者离开寒冷的纽约去美国南 部度假的感受 记叙文 介绍了在巴黎皮蓬杜艺术中心 举办西班牙著名艺术家萨尔瓦 多·达利艺术展的情况 记叙文 法国咖啡馆在现代社会中彰显 心理沟通的社会功能，产生了 积极的意义。 议论文 第二节 重建人际关系中的信任的意义 与措施 说明文 信息匹配 2016 第一节 主要介绍了四位著名的女性的 基本情况。 说明文 1 9 4 1 主要介绍了社会上很多老年人 搬到离子女近的地方居住的一 种趋势，同时也建议老人们要 做出适合自己的选择。 说明文 文章主要讲述了作者在一次运 送造血干细胞途中的一段经 历，表现了人们之间的友爱。 记叙文 主要介绍了沉默在不同文化背 说明文 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 2 景下的不同含义。 第二节 主要介绍了密码的设置方法和 破解方法。 说明文 信息匹配 2017 第一节 文章主要从购物点、就餐点、 租 借 服 务 三 方 面 介 绍 了 Pacific Science Center，并 展 示 了 Pacific Science Center 为人们做的贡献，呼吁 人们的支持。 应用文 1 7 5 2 救助一只小猫头鹰，给它做新 的窝，帮助它回到父母身边的 故事。 记叙文 文章讲述了为提高人们对于爵 士乐的重视程度，联合国教科 文组织 把 4 月 30 号定为了国 际爵士乐日。然而这一行为还 是 没 能 挽 救 爵 士 乐 。 Jason Moran 认为时代在进步，为了将 老一代人和年轻一代人联接起 来，爵士乐应该也随之进步。 说明文 文章主要介绍了一种自己可以 亲手制作的简单易行的太阳能 蒸馏器的方法和它的工作原 理。这种蒸馏器所需的材料简 单，适用于任何缺水的地方。 科普说 明文 第二节 文章讲述了三年前，作者对露 营一无所知，也不认为自己会 喜欢露营。然而后来有过几次 露营的经历，作者和他的家人 开始爱上了露营，甚至为露营 购买了设备齐全的房车。作者 认为露营是回归大自然的一个 方式，也建议读者找到适合自 己的回归自然的方式。 记叙文 信息匹配 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 3 2015-2017 年全国高考Ⅱ卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测 2015 A 我的彩电给我带来的头疼 事：花的钱比广告上的多， 而且机子是过时的，质量 也有问题，最后只能花钱 修。 记叙文 1 5 8 1 B 减肥除了少吃之外，还和 房间有关系：房子要明亮； 勇冷色系会减少食欲；放 一些舒缓的音乐就餐；用 校的碗碟 科普说明文 C 越来越多即将上大学的学 生选择“间隔年”。有人认 为是好事，因为经过一年 的锻炼，学生将会变得更 加成熟、更有责任感。但 也有人指出这种做法存在 弊端，有些学生会因为负 担不起大学学费而被迫利 用这一年去打工。 社会现象议 论类 D 从价格到参观的内容介绍 了四个英国的旅游胜地。 广告应用类 比 2016 A 主要介绍了几个广告的具 体内容，涉及音乐、喜剧 表演和歌曲等活动的具体 安排，如时间、地点等。 应用文 1 9 3 2 B 主要讲述了作者在上课的 时候通过让学生们拼装玩 具，从而发现并鼓励学生 记叙文 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 4 们的创造性思维的故事。 C 主要介绍了网站 BookCrossing.com 建立 的目的以及它是如何促进 人们分享图书的。 说明文 D 主要介绍了 Frank 用图片 使一次失败的南极航海活 动重新进入人们的视野， 让人们能够了解这次航海 的许多信息。 记叙文 2017 A 介绍了 4 则有关戏剧 的广告。分别介绍了四个 用不同语言演绎莎士比亚 戏剧的文化盛事。 应用文 2 5 6 2 B 作者用深情追忆了自己和 Paul Newman 因为志趣相 投、信念相守的深厚的友 情。 记叙文 C 本文比较详尽地介绍了新 型交通工具——陆空两用 汽车的独特性能和前景。 说明文 D 文章通过两位科学家的研 究发现，植被也有奇特的 自我保护和协作抗击害虫 的方式。 科普说明文 2016-2017 年全国高考 III 卷本专题考查分布明细统计 年份 章节 素材话题 体裁 考点分布 主旨大意 细节理解 推理判断 词义猜测 2016 A 本文通过广告的形式 介绍了几家举行音乐演出 应用文 1 10 2 2 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 5 的剧场的信息。 B 文章通过作家 Welty 一次 与朋友在外面吃饭的经 历，讲述了小说中的人物 大多都是来自现实生活。 记叙文 C 介绍了苹果节的一些情 况。 说明文 D 讨论了新闻传播的规则， 以及读者喜欢分享什么样 的文章。 议论文 2017 A 介绍了旧金山消防车旅游 的四个旅游项目：旧金山 酒庄之旅，五十年代怀旧 之旅，万圣节幽灵之旅和 假日花灯展之旅。 应用文 2 9 3 1 B The Plaza Theater，一座 带着一座城市记忆的剧 院，由于种种原因，要面 临关门歇业。临关门前， 老板选了一部合适的老电 影播放。伤心的观众眼含 不舍的泪水。 记叙文 C 生物链中任何一个环 节出了问题都会对生态造 成灾难性的破坏。黄石公 园由于人类活动导致灰狼 几近消失，幸亏当地政府 采取措施引进灰狼，亡羊 补牢，逐渐恢复了生态平 衡。 科普说明文 D 主要介绍了为老年人研制 说明文 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 6 的一款电动汽车。 【考纲解读】 考试大纲 要求 考纲解读 要求考生阅读 4 篇短 文，从每题所给的 4 个选 项中选出最佳选项。题材 广泛，包括科普、社会、 文化、政治、经济等多方 面内容。体裁多样，以记 叙文、议论文、说明文为 主。 考查 主旨大意、 细节理解、 推理判断、 词义猜测、 篇章结构 等题型。 主旨大意题包括精确归纳标题、概括文章大意 和总结段落大意，主要考查考生能否分辨主题和细 节，是否具备提纲挈领的能力，也就是能否在理解 全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑 方法对文章进行高度概括和总结，做这类题目时要 高瞻远瞩，不可以以偏概全。 【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向 1.【2017·全国新课标 I】A Pacific Science Center Guide ◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s Store Don’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit. The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome. ◆Hungry Our exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonal specials. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes. ◆Rental Information Lockers are available to store any belongings during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance. ID required. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 7 ◆Support Pacific Science Center Since 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion(热情) for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. Today Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Wish pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center. 21. Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center? A. In Building 1. B. In Building 3. C. At the last Dome. D. At the Denny Way entrance. 22. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools? A. Train Science teachers. B. Distribute science books. C. Distribute scientific research. D. Take science to the classroom. 【名师点睛】 一般来说，解答细节理解题时都可采用“寻读法”。也就是说，考生不必通篇细看原文，而可以采取“带 着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语。这种关键性的词语可以被称为“定位词”，找出“定 位词”然后以此为线索，快速地捕捉和理解事实或细节，恰当地运用略读、查读等技巧，在文章中寻找与 此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。 1. 应用文中的细节理解，特别是广告，是阅读理解题中常见的一种体裁。广告简洁明快，语言精练， 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 8 篇幅小、信息多。广告阅读题多为细节理解题。做这类阅读题的技巧是：先读题目，带着问题有针对性地 阅读相关部分快速寻找有效信息。一般情况下，只要细心都会找到正确答案。 2. 说明文中的细节理解与应用文一样，说明文中的阅读理解也偏重考查细节，我们也可以采用“先看 题，然后带着问题在材料中寻找对应信息”的办法答题。 3. 记叙文中的细节以理解故事、人物描写等是阅读理解的考查重点之一。做这类题一般也可采用“寻 读法”，即先读题，然后带着问题快速阅读短文，找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关词语或句子进行 分析对比，获取准确信息，找出正确答案。 例如第 21 题中根据题干中的关键词 buy 定位到 Store，也就是第一段的内容。然后再结合后文中的 The store is located(位于) upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.就可以得出正确答 案。 能在文中直接找到信息句子的细节题比较简单，一般设置在第一篇阅读里以减轻考生的紧张心理。所 以考生要抓住这一特点，灵活使用解题策略，达到快速高效的目的。 2.【2017·新课标全国 II】A In the coming months, we are bringing together artists from all over the globe, to enjoy speaking Shakespeare’s plays in their own language, in our globe, within the architecture Shakespeare wrote for. please come and join us. National Theatre Of China Beijing|Chinese This great occasion(盛会) will be the national theatre of china’s first visit to the uk. The company’s productions show the new face of 21st century Chinese theatre. This production of Shakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director, Wang Xiaoying. Date&Time: Saturday 28 April,2.30pm&Sunday 29 April,1.30pm&6.30pm Marjanishvili Theatre Tbilisi l Georgian One of the most famous theatres in Georgia,the Marjanishvili,founded in 1928,appears regularly at theatre festivals all over the world. This new production of As You Like It is helmed（指 导）by the company’s Artistic Director Levan Tsuladze. Date & Time :Friday 18May,2.30pm&Sunday 19May,7.30pm Deafinitely Theater London l British Sign Language （BSL） By translating the rich and humourous taxt of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL,Deafinitely Thertre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 9 Date&Time:Tueaday 22 May,2.30pm&Wednesday 23 May,7.30pm Habima National Theatre Tel Aviv l Hebrew The Habima is the centre of Hebrew-languege theatre worldwide,Founded in Moscow after the 1905 revolution,the company eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s,Since 1958,they have been recognized as the national theatre of Israel.This production of Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice marks their first visit to the UK. Date Date&Time:Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm 21.which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China? A.Richard Ⅲ. B.Lover’s Labour’s Lost C.As You Like It D.The merchant of Venice 22.What is special about Deafinnitely Theatre? A.Tt has two groups of actors B.It is the leading theatre in London C.It performs plays in BSL D.It is good at prducting comedies 23.When can you see a play in Hebrew? A.Onsuturday 28Apil. B.On Sunday 29 April C.On Tuesday 22 May. D. On Tuesday 29 May 21.细节理解题。根据“Deafinitely Thertre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience”可知，Deafinitely Thertre 的特殊之处在于由两组演员。故选 A。 22.细节理解题。根据“Date Date&Time:Monday 28May,7.30&Tuesday 29 May,7.30pm”可知，可以在 5 月 29 日，星期二这一天，在希伯来观看戏剧。故选 D。 【名师点睛】 阅读理解旨在考查考生对于文章整体的理解与细节的把握与分析，要在了解整篇文章框架的基础上进行选 择。本文属于广告类短文，所考查三题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章 中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题 的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料 中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 10 层次题。在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接 从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位)，然后进行比较和分析(尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。 跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子)或段落，然后 进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。 例如第 21 题，根据题目“which play will be performed by the National Theatre of China?”，由题 目中出现的关键信息 the National Theatre of China，直接定位第一篇宣传广告，在文中找到“This production ofShakespeare’s Richard III will be directed by the National’s Associate Director,Wang Xiaoying” 可知，Shakespeare’s Richard III 会在中国国家大剧院上映，故选 A。 考点：考查广告类阅读。 3.【2017·新课标全国 III】A San Francisco Fire Engine Tours San Francisco Winery Tour Running: February 1st through April 30th This delicious tour goes through the city on its way to Treasure Island where we will stop at the famous Winery SF. Here you can enjoy 4 pours of some of the best wine San Francisco has to offer.(Included in tickets price) Departing from the Cannery: Tell time upon request. Duration(时长)：2 hours Price: $90 Back to the Fifties Tour Running: August 16th through August 31st This tour transports you back in time to one of San Francisco’s most fantastic periods, the 1950s! Enjoy fun history as we take you through San Francisco for a free taste of ice cream. Departing form the Cannery 5:00 pm and 7:00 pm Duration: 2 hours Price: $90 Spooky Halloween Tour Running: October 10th through October 31st Join us for a ride through the historical Presidio district .Authentic fire gear （服装）is provided 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 11 for your warmth as our entertainers take you to some of the most thrilling parts of San Francisco Departing from the Cannery:6:30 pm and 8:30 pm Duration :1 hour and 30 minutes Price: Available upon request Holiday Lights Tour Running: December 6th through December 23nd This tractive four takes you to some of San Francis’s most cheerful holiday scenes. Authentic fire gear is provided for your warmth as you get into the holiday spirit. Departing from the Cannery 7:00 pm and 9:00 pm Duration: I hour and 30 minutes Advance reservations required. 21.Which of the tours is available in March? A. San Francisco Winery Tour. B. Back to the Fifties Tour. C. Spooky Halloween Tour. D. Holiday Lights Tour. 22. What can tourists do on Back to the Fifties Tours? A. Go to Treasure Island. B. Enjoy the holiday scenes. C. Have free ice cream. D. Visit the Presidio district. 23. What are tourists required to do to go on Holiday Lights Tour? A. Take some drinks. B. Set off early in the morning. C. Wear warm clothes. D. Make reservations in advance. 【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了圣弗朗西斯科的四个旅游活动和路线。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 12 【名师点睛】 细节题的破解一般采用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整 合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题 的准确率，节省了宝贵的时间。寻读法还特别适用于对图形表格类题材的理解。做此类型的题目还要特别 注意句子的逻辑关系。本文中的 22. 23.题都可以根据题干定位到相关的 the Fifties Tours 和 Holiday Lights Tour 部分，然后轻松得出答案。 【高考预测】 纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测 2018 年全国高考试题还会 ①Ⅰ卷在选材上继续保持知识性和趣味性，语篇长度适中，题材与体裁广泛，彰显文化特色，重点考查考 生快速获取、处理、分析信息的能力。细节理解题占总量的 60%左右，难度与上年持平，预计难度系数 0.7。 ②Ⅱ卷文章体裁继续延续记叙文和说明文占主体的局面，另有一篇议论文和一篇广告类说明文。题型以细 节理解题为主，推理判断题略有所增加，词义猜测题 2 题左右。 【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点 考点一 事实细节题 【例 1】【2017·全国新课标 I】B I work with Volunteers for Wildlife, a rescue and education organization at Bailey Arboretum in Locust Valley. Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. However, when it works, it is simply beautiful. I got a rescue call from a woman in Muttontown. She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl. It had already been placed in a carrier for safety. I examined the chick(雏鸟) and it seemed fine. If I could locate the nest, I might have been able to put it back, but no luck. My next work was to construct a nest and anchor it in a tree. The homeowner was very helpful. A wire basket was found. I put some pine branches into the 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 13 basket to make this nest safe and comfortable. I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down. Now all that was needed were the parents, but they were absent. I gave the homeowner a recording of the hunger screams of owl chicks. These advertise the presence of chicks to adults; they might also encourage our chick to start calling as well. I gave the owner as much information as possible and headed home to see what news the night might bring. A nervous night to be sure, but sometimes the spirits of nature smile on us all! The homeowner called to say that the parents had responded to the recordings. I drove over and saw the chick in the nest looking healthy and active. And it was accompanied in the nest by the greatest sight of all — LUNCH! The parents had done their duty and would probably continue to do so. 24. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1? A. Efforts made in vain. B. Getting injured in his work. C. Feeling uncertain about his future. D. Creatures forced out of their homes. 25. Why was the author called to Muttontown? A. To rescue a woman. B. To take care of a woman. C. To look at a baby owl. D. To cure a young owl. 26. What made the chick calm down? A.A new nest. B. Some food. C.A recording. D. Its parents. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 14 24.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain.可知救助受伤动物是令人心碎的，因为不知道救助的动物是 否能活下去，也就是为救助动物而花费的努力可能会白费，这是不可避免的。故选 A。 25.C 细节题。根据第二段 She had found a young owl(猫头鹰) on the ground. When I arrived, I saw a 2-to 3-week-old owl 可知有人给作者打电话是因为有只小猫头鹰掉在地上了，作者赶过去看看情况。文 中并没有说小猫头鹰受伤了，作者只是过去看情况，所以 D 选项错误。故选 C。 26.A 细节题。根据第四段 I placed the chick in the nest, and it quickly calmed down 可知在作者 把小猫头鹰放在窝里之后，它很快就安静下来，所以是窝让小猫头鹰安静下来的。故选 A。 规律方法 1： 如何解决事实细节题？ 做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题干定位法。一般在原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和 分析，便可确定答案。此类题通常用一些疑问词来提问，或是判断正误。 【变式精练】 【湖北八校 2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】A Leaders shape history and here is a selection of the most remarkable views into these public figures plus first-hand accounts by those with access to them. Margaret Thatcher by Charles Moore (2013) Before Moore published the first volume of his biography, there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher. Moore’s account is different. He shows that far from being fearless, she could often be fearful without cause. The final volume will include her fall from power. Harold Wilson by Ben Pimlott (1992) Harold Wilson had become a ghostly figure when this book was published in 1992. The absence heightened a sense of mystery. Who was he? How to explain his seemingly contradictory characteristics? Pimlott solves some of the mysteries; the book is detailed until Wilson’s final phase as prime minister in 1974. Churchill by Roy Jenkins (2001) Jenkins writes a politician as well as a historian, analyzing Churchill’s historic moves from the opinions of one who had also spoken in the Commons. Jenkins had resigned from high positions in battles over policy, and as one that changed parties, though not as frequently as Churchill did. Roy Jenkins by John Campbell (2014) 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 15 Campbell calmly narrates the many political and personal dramas, including Jenkins’ intense relationship with Anthony Crosland when they were both students at Oxford. Campbell also addresses Jenkins’ various affairs with women. Like Jenkins’s political heroes, he led many lives. Campbell is sharp in describing each of them. Diaries, Volumes One to Six by Alastair Campbell (2017) Love or hate him, Campbell remains the master of the inside story, and not just because of his unusual ideas on the relationship between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. This is an incredibly detailed book on what it’s like to live inside No. 10: the cruel space of events; and the constant conflict with the media. 1. Which of the following leaders has the largest number of books written about them? A. Harold Wilson. B. Churchill. C. Margaret Thatcher. D. Tony Blair. 2. Which writer was once a politician? A. Ben Pimlott. B. Charles Moore. C. John Campbell. D. Roy Jenkins. 【答案】1. C 2. D 2. D 细节理解题。由文章第四段中对 Jenkins 的介绍“Jenkins had resigned from high positions in battles over policy, and as one that changed parties, ....” 詹金斯在政策斗争中辞去了高级职务， 并改变了政党，可知 Roy Jenkins 曾是个政治家，故选 D。 考点二 细节转换与是非判断题 【例 2】I have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly. As a doctor，mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to recommend it，from the baby’s point of view. Mothers，doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a baby’s blood sugar level lies. All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed. In this state，the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible. The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 16 It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a fourhourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied. The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night. I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous. Baby feeding shouldn’t follow a timetable set by the mum. What is important is feeding a baby in the best way，though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks. Well，at last we have copperbottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding. The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5,7,11 and 14，than babies fed according to the clock. By the age of 8，their IQ (智商) scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable. This research comes from Oxford and Essex University using a sample (样本) of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s，taking account of parental education，family income，a child’s sex and age，the mother’s health and feeding style. These results don’t surprise me. Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels. I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices 31．According to Paragraph 2，one reason why a baby cries is that it feels________. A．sick B．upset C．sleepy D．hungry 【答案】D 32．What does the author think about Dr King? A．He is strict. B．He is unkind. C．He has the wrong idea. D．He sets a timetable for mothers. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。由第三段中“I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous.”可知，作者认为 Dr King 的观点是错误的。 34．What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand? A．The baby will sleep well. B．The baby will have its brain harmed. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 17 C．The baby will have a low blood sugar level. D．The baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中“The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5,7,11 and 14，than babies fed according to the clock.By the age of 8，their IQ (智商) scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.” 可知在 8 岁之前婴儿就变得更聪明了。 35．The author supports feeding the baby________. A．in the night B．every four hours C．whenever it wants food D．according to its blood sugar level 【答案】C 规律方法 2：如何解决细节转换与是非判断题? 细节理解题也叫间接理解题，包括语意转换题、图文转换题和是非判断题。 (1)语意转换题，需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语意上的转换，两者存在表述上的差异。解答这 类题目时可带着问题，有针对性地扫读全文，迅速锁定相关语句，再对相关部分进行分析对比，找出答案。 (2)图文转换题，在阅读理解题中，有的图表、图画出现在阅读理解题的正文中。在解答这类题时，可 采用“文字锁定法”，找出描述图形中的句段，采用按图寻找答案的方法，按图索骥，图文互相参照、互 相验证，便可确定正确答案。 (3)是非判断题，采用对号入座法和排除法。对号入座法就是根据关键词返回原文，找出相关内容，从 中找出答案。正确答案与原文表述可能有出入，但意思一样，万变不离其宗。排除法，针对是非判断题中 的“三错一对”或“三对一错”类试题，要求仔细阅读文章，比较选项与原文的异同，然后做出正确判断。 【变式精练】 【山东省曲阜市 2018 届高三上学期期中】D It’s true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There’s also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a 2010 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that: The global warming over the last half - century has been caused mainly by human activity.” 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 18 You may not believe that humans could change the planet’s climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket. Of course, the earth’s climate has always been changing due to “natural” factors such as volcanic eruption or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build - up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere - not the warming we would expect from other possible causes. Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it: “If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why aren’t carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?” The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths-one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn’t possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty. 13. Which of the following is not the cause of climate change? A. volcanic eruption B. floods arid droughts C. changes in solar D. cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun 【答案】 13. B 考点三 数字计算题 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 19 【例 3】 This is What a REAL Silver Dollar Looks Like If you trust in the yen，the euro，and the dollar...stop reading. Because this is a story about the silver coin EVERYBODY wants. You read the headlines.You know that troubled economic times have put global currency on a rollercoaster(过山车) ride.But millions have found a smarter way to build longterm value with highgrade collectable silver.And right now，those people are lining up to secure some of the last 2012 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles，America’s Newest Silver Eagle Dollars.Today，you can graduate to the front of that line.Buy now and you can own these brilliant uncirculated Silver Dollars for only $38.95! You Can’t Afford to Lose Why are we releasing(发行) this silver dollar for such a remarkable price？Because we want to introduce you to what hundreds of thousands of smart collectors and satisfied customers have known since 1984—New York Mint is the place to find the world’s finest highgrade coins.That’s why we’re offering you this Brilliant Uncirculated 2012 U．S.Silver Eagle for as little as $37.45 (plus s/h)． Timing is Everything Our advice？Keep this to yourself.Because the more people who know about this offer，the worse it is for you.Demand for Silver Eagles in 2011 broke records.Experts predict that 2012 Silver Eagles may break them all over again.Due to rapid changes in the price of silver，prices may be higher or lower and are subject to(受……影响) change without notice.Supplies are limited.Call immediately to add these Silver Eagles to your holdings before it’s too late. Offer Limited to 40 per household 2012 American Silver Eagle Coin Your cost 1－4 Coins $38.95 each＋s/h 5－9 Coins $38.45 each＋s/h 10－19 Coins $37.95 each＋s/h 20－40 Coins $37.45 each＋s/h Note：$10 s/h(shipping and handling) for each purchase For fastest service，call tollfree 24 hours a day 18882017143 Offer Code 代码 ASE17704 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 20 Please mention this code when you call. New York Mint 14101 Southcross Drive W．，Dept.ASE17704 Burnsville，Minnesota 55337 www.NewYorkMint.com (2013·福建，C) 65．If you buy six 2012 U．S.Mint Silver Eagles by post，you should pay at least ________. A．$230.7 B．$233.7 C．$240.7 D．$243.7 【答案】C 规律方法 3：如何解决数字计算题？ 先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算等就能够得出正确的答案。 1、仔细阅读文字说明部分，准确把握图表信息。 2、仔细分析题干，抓牢关键词。 3、运用数学公式计算，注意巧算。 【变式精练】 1.【河南省豫北豫南名校 2018 届高三上学期第二次联考】A Eames House In the 1940s, with a wave of American soldiers’ heading home from World War II, the magazine Arts or Architecture hoped to drum up interest in a new form of mass housing that was inexpensive and easy to construct from exiting materials. The magazine approached designers and architects like Richard Neutra, Eero Saarinen, and Charles and Ray Eames to come up with plans for modern house, and the magazine would publish them. The idea was that the blueprints would vary according to a family’s individual needs. Charles and Ray Eames chose to design for their own situation----a working couple that needed a house and space for working, but had no children at home. The result was Case Study House No. 8 in Pacific Palisades, Calif, where the Eameses made their home. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 21 The family has stayed in the house and it is home to the Eames Office, which promotes the continuation of both Charles’s and Ray’s ideas. The outside of the house and studio has been open to self-guided tours for years. Not so the inside, which is filled with Eames-designed artwork and furniture. Reservations: Reservations are required. Please call 310-459-9663 at least 48 hours in advance of you visit. Visiting Hours: Monday: 10:00 a. m.—4: p. m. Tuesdays: 10:00 a. m.-----4: p. m. Wednesdays: CLOSED Thursdays: 10:00 a. m.-----4: p. m. Fridays: 10:00 a. m.-----4: p. m. Saturdays: 10:00 a. m.-----4: p. m. Sundays: CLOSED Admission: $10; students and children are free. Group Visits: group with 10+ vistors must make an appointment. Ideally the size of the group should be limited to 25 people. 1. Eames House was designed to meet____________. A. an American soldier’s needs B. Charles and Ray Eames’s needs C. the needs of a non-working couple D. the needs of a couple with children 2. Eames House is closed on ___________. A. Tuesdays and Fridays B. Mondays and Sundays C. Thursdays and Saturdays D. Wednesdays and Sundays 3. How much would two adults and two kids need to pay to visit Eames House? A. $10 B. $20 C. $30 D. $40 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 22 2. 细节理解题。根据 Wednesdays: CLOSED Sundays: CLOSED，可以得知周三、周日 Eames House 不开放。 故选 D。 3. 细节理解题。本题题干问到 2 个成年人和 2 个儿童要花费多少钱，根据 Admission: $10; students and children are free.得知孩子免费，只需要购买两张成年人票。故选 B。 2.(2013·四川，A) 33．How much do you have to pay in total if four of you go together? A．$20. B．$40. C．$60. D．$80. 【答案】C 考点四 细节排序题 【例 4】 You can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella.But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 23 wet.That’s why he created Lampbrella，a lamp post with its own rainsensing umbrella. The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia.“Once，I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain.I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞 篷)built into a street lamp，” he said. The Lampbrella is a standardlooking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy.It has a builtin electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand.Sensors(传感器)then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining. In addition to the rain sensor，there’s also a 360° motion sensor on the fiberglass street lamp which detects whether anyone is using the Lampbrella.After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed. According to the designer，the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed，so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians.Besides，it would be grounded to protect from possible lightning strike.Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people.Being installed(安装) at 2 metres off the ground，it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians. While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production，Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow Department，and insists his creation could be installed on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.(2013·山 东，C) 68．Which of the following shows how the Lampbrella works? A．motor→canopy→sensors B．sensors→motor→canopy C．motor→sensors→canopy D．canopy→motor→sensors 【答案】B 规律方法 4：如何解决细节排序题？ 做此类题目可采用“首尾定位法”，即先找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，这样可以迅速缩小选择范 围，从而迅速找到答案。阅读理解的文章如果是记叙文，排序题通常以事件发生的时间为线索；如果是说 明文，排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索；如果是议论文，排序题通常以逻辑顺序为线索。从近几年高 考试题来看，这类试题主要出现在记叙文和说明文中。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 24 【变式精练】 【山东省枣庄市第三中学 2017 届高三 9 月质量检测】 Planning to go to a gym? If you are one of those who spent many days planning to join a gym or to attend it regularly, then why not choose some home exercise? Here are some home exercises without equipment. Jumping jacks This one is the best home workout without weights which is a great exercise that will work your hands and legs. Perform this exercise by standing with your feet placed together and arms at your sides. Now tuck in your abs(收腹) and jump by bending in your knees. At the same time, move your feet apart as much as you can and raise your hands to bring in line with your shoulder. While you come back you must be in a starting position, feet together, hands at sides and knees bent. You must land on your heels and again jump. Jogging Jogging is one of the best home exercises without weights. You don’t need to have a lawn or jogging track at home to perform this exercise. There are many benefits of jogging. It will work your entire legs. Moreover, it is a classic cardiovascular(心血管) workout. Make sure you wear jogging footwear even if you are jogging at home to avoid any stress on your feet. Also, you can gradually increase the jogging time and speed. Rotating(旋转) exercise Start by rotating your wrists, clockwise(顺时针地) and anticlockwise. Now, alternately rotate your feet in the same fashion. Now place both your hands on the shoulder and start rotating your shoulder clockwise and anticlockwise. Place an exercise mat and lie flat on your back. Now lift your left leg and rotate it clockwise; do not bend you knees. Now rest the left leg, lift your right leg and rotate it anticlockwise. It is necessary to set a perfect mood for exercise which will help you stick to the exercise routine and excitement. Make sure you wear proper exercise clothes to perform the workout with ease. Also, putting on your favorite music will make your exercise session more lively. If you get bored with exercises, just dance, after all it’s also one of the best home exercises. 3. What is the right order of your body parts during rotation exercise? A. hands—legs---back----legs. B. wrists—hands---feet---shoulders 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 25 C. wrists---feet---shoulders---legs D. hands---shoulders---knees---legs