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2020届二轮复习 短文语法填空专题技能突破时态语态
【技能讲解】 1.若括号内提供的是动词,一般需要根据语境变成恰当的时态,如过去时、进行时、完成时;2.当主语和动词是被动关系时,还需要变成被动语态。
典例剖析
1.[课标全国卷Ⅰ]It was raining lightly when I ________ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.
[答案] arrived 根据语境判断本空处时态应该和was一致,应填arrived。
2.[广东高考]While making great efforts to run away, she ________ (fall) over the hill and died.
[答案] fell 根据上下文的时态推断用过去时fell。
3.[2016·陕西咸阳模拟]In order to get good marks in the coming exam, my son ________ (study) late every night in the past three weeks.
[答案] has been studying 句意:为了在即将来临的考试中获得好成绩,在过去的3周内我儿子每晚都学习到深夜。根据时间状语“in the past three weeks”可知设空处应该用现在完成进行时。
4.[广东高考]He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby for other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what ________ (leave).
[答案] was left 根据语境判断出what引导宾语从句,what在从句中作主语,leave和what之间是被动关系,应填was left。
5.Mrs Weldon ________ (weigh) only fifty kilograms, she looks as if she is very weak.
[答案] weighs weigh有及物动词、不及物动词两种用法,作及物动词时是“称……的重量”,作不及物动词时是“重……”,根据句意,应该是“Mrs Weldon重……”,所以weigh在本句中作不及物动词,无被动。再综合下文looks的时态,应填weighs。此处学生容易误填is weighed,有类似用法的还有measure。
6.[天津高考]Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement ________ (reach) so far by the two sides.
[答案] has been reached 根据so far可知,应用现在完成时,而agreement与谓语动词之间为被动关系,所以用现在完成时的被动语态。
技能点拨 对时间状语的分析,可以帮助判断合适的时态,如since, so far等常用完成时,ago, the other day等常用过去时。在对时态判断完成后,还要考虑语态是主动还是被动,综合时态语态的运用,才能做对题。
技能演练
用括号内单词的正确形式填空
1.What Tai Chi does for the body ________ (attract) the attention of western scientists until now.
答案:has attracted 由until now判断使用完成时。
2.Since then, the little cloud ________ (travel) all over the world, enjoying the views of all the forests and beautiful countryside.
答案:has travelled 由 since then 判断使用完成时。
3.He ________ (eat) something at home when he received a strange phone call from a hospital.
答案:was eating “be doing...when...”固定用法。
4.Most of people think that the use of cellphones should ________ (ban) while they are driving, because in that case accidents can easily happen.
答案:be banned 开车打电话应是“被”禁止,注意ban,需双写n加ed。
5.Each year approximately 110 teachers and experts ________ (employ) from more than twenty countries to teach at BFSU.
答案:are employed 分析语境应用被动语态,注意employ后直接加ed,不需要变y为i。
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