高考英语一轮复习第2部分专题11名词性从句即学巩固 5页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 专题 11 名词性从句 〔即学巩固〕 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 导学号 58082869 1．(2015·北京，33 改编)I truly believe that beauty comes from within. 解析：考查名词性从句引导词。从句部分不缺少任何成分也不缺意思。因此用只起连接 作用的 that。 2．(2015·陕西，19 改编)Reading her biography，I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature. 解析：考查宾语从句中引导词的选择。分析语境可知，此处是介词 for 后接了宾语从句。 从句中缺少 achieved 的宾语，故要用 what 来引导。句意：读她的传记，我对多丽丝·莱辛 在文学上所取得的成就钦佩不已。 3．(2015·安徽，25 改编)A ship in harbor is safe，but that's not what ships are built for. 解析：what 引导表语从句，在从句中作介词 for 的宾语。句意：船停泊在港口里是安全 的，但那可不是造船的目的。 4．(2015·浙江，6 改编)If you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate what is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water. 解析：investigate 后面是宾语从句，从句中缺主语，故用 what。句意：如果你在河里 或湖里游泳，一定要调查一下水面下的东西。经常会有石头或树枝藏在水中。 5．(2016·南昌十所重点中学交流试卷)The family was rather poor but the honest man decided to give the bag to its owner. He gave it back to Sam and asked him to check whether/if the bag had 50 gold coins. 解析：句意：……他把包还给了 Sam，请他检查包内是否有 50 个金币。 6．(2016·潍坊高考模拟)He has heart disease.That is because he has been smoking too much. 解析：句意：他有心脏病，这是由于他一直吸烟造成的。 7．(2016·大庆质量检测二)People who visited me used to ask me how I could sleep.“Doesn't the sound of the traffic bother you？How can you get used to so much noise？” 解析：句意：来看我的人过去常常问我怎么能睡得着……。 8．We know from the survey on cigarettes that warning messages on product containers and in ads can affect consumption of potentially dangerous products. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 解析：句意为：我们从关于香烟的调查了解到，在产品包装盒上和广告中的警告信息能 够影响潜在的危险产品的消费。know 后的宾语从句结构完整，因此用从属连词 that 引导。 9．Following the decline in house prices in many small and medium－sized cities, there are now signs that house prices in major cities may also be set for a slide. 解析：句意为：随着中小型城市房价的下跌，现在有迹象表明在大城市房价也可能有下 滑的趋势。signs 后是同位语从句，从句结构和意义完整，用从属连词 that 引导。 10．Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, celebrating the 50th anniversary of King's famous speech, through which we know what he said meant to the black. 解析：句意为：数以万计的人奔向马丁·路德·金纪念碑，庆祝他的那次著名的演讲发 表 50 周年。通过这个演讲，我们知道他所说的对于黑人的意义。设空处引导宾语从句，并在 从句中作宾语，指“他所说的话”，故填 what。 11．New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are that students have to be tested on Chinese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer. 解析：句意为：浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他 三科的考试。设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分和意义，故用 that 引导。 12．There is a strong possibility that man will mainly depend on solar energy in the future. 解析：句意为：人类在将来主要依靠太阳能是非常有可能的。设空后的从句句子结构完 整，不缺少成分，且是对 possibility 的进一步解释、说明，故设空处引导同位语从句，故 填 that。 13．(2014·湖南，24 改编)As John Lennon once said, life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans. 解析：句意为：正如约翰·列侬曾经所说，生活就是在你忙于制订其他计划的时候发生 在你身上的事情。设空处引导表语从句并在从句中充当主语，故填 what。 14．(2014·陕西，15 改编) When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 解析：句意为：延误的航班将何时起飞主要取决于天气。分析句子结构可知，depends much on 是句子的谓语， the delayed flight will take off 是句子的主语，设空处引 导主语从句。根据句意，设空处在主语从句中作时间状语，故填 when。 15. That mathematics is one of the most useful sections in human knowledge is widely accepted. 解析：句意为：人们普遍认为数学是人类知识中最有用的部分之一。设空处引导主语从 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 句且从句中不缺任何成分，故用 that 引导。 16．The bride and groom gave whoever attended their wedding some gifts to share their happiness. 解析：句意为：新娘和新郎给每个参加他们婚礼的人都送了礼物，来分享他们的幸福。 设空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，意思是“凡是……的人”，相当于 anyone who，故 用 whoever。 17．I couldn't imagine how difficult it was for these badly injured victims to make it to the hospital. 解析：句意为：我无法想像这些严重受伤的受害者能成功到达医院该有多么困难。设空 处引导宾语从句，空后是形容词 difficult，应该用 how 修饰，how difficult it was 意为 “这是多么困难”。 18．(2014·四川，2 改编)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, “That's where I was born.” 解析：句意为：“那就是我出生的地方，”奶奶指着那家医院对我说。前面提到了医院， 所以设空处应该是表地点，故用 where 引导该表语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。 19．(2014·北京，33 改编)Some people believe whatever has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future. 解析：句意为：一些人认为，无论是曾经发生过的事情还是现在正在发生的事情，都会 在将来重演。从句中缺少主语，且表示“无论……的事情”，故填 whatever。 20．(2014·重庆，12 改编)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? —Yeah, but I have no idea why he did it; that's one of his favorite universities. 解析：句意为：——迈克昨天真的拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取吗？——是的，可我不知道他 为什么那么做；那是他最喜欢的大学之一。设空处引导同位语从句，用于解释说明 idea 的内 容；从句中缺少状语，根据句意此处表示原因，故用 why 引导。 Ⅱ.语法填空 导学号 58082870 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 I like reading very much. My classmates' question is 1.when I began to love reading. Actually, I love reading as a child. I grew up in a college town and I spent all my summer vacations in this university. What I meant was 2.that I was surrounded by libraries and the people who loved to read. 3.That I went to the library to read every day was one of my favorite hobbies. My love of reading was credited with the fact 4.that my parents only let me watch an hour of TV a day. I learned to entertain myself through my mind and imagination. It's not really 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 surprising 5.that literature became my vocation. Recently I have been reading a lot of multicultural women's legends. Jane Goodall went to Africa and studied chimps instead of going to university. 6.Whether there are some connections between chimps and human beings puzzles me a lot. Thanks to Jane Goodall, her research showed me the answer. She argued 7.that wild animals should be left in the wild and not used for entertainment. After finishing her story, I still have some doubts 8.how she could achieve great success on her own in the forest. Lin Qiaozhi, a doctor, became a specialist in women's illnesses. She devoted all her life to medical work for Chinese women and children. 9.What made her succeed later on was the kindness and consideration she showed to all her patients. 10.Why she didn't choose to have a family of her own is clear to me now. Ⅲ.单句改错 导学号 58082871 1．I didn't know what one to buy because these books were all useful to me. 答案：what→which 此处表示“不知道该买哪一个”意义，故“疑问词＋不定式”结构 中的疑问词应用 which。 2．You want to know that everything is going in our school. 答案：that→how 宾语从句的引导词在从句中作状语，表示 go 的程度，表示“我们学 校的情况如何”，故用 how。 3．The problem is what the “Play” doesn't work at all. 答案：what→that 表语从句的引导词在从句中不作成分，而且不表示意义，故用 that。 what 在名词性从句中需要作主语、宾语等。 4．There is no doubt whether I will achieve great progress in English learning with your assistance. 答案：whether→that 否定句或疑问句中 doubt 后的从句用 that 引导，肯定句 doubt 后的从句用 whether/if 引导。There is no doubt that...“毫无疑问……”。 5．At that time, I just wondered that my mother was so delighted. 答案：that→why 根据 wonder 判断，引导词表示“为什么”意义，故用 why。句子表 示“我不明白为什么妈妈那么高兴”。 6．Which is worse, they spat and even threw rubbish into the lake. 答案：Which→What What is worse 是固定用法，意为“更糟糕的是”。 7．I went up and asked what I could help them. 答案：what→if/whether 宾语从句的引导词不需要在从句中作成分，再根据 ask 判断 句子的引导词表示疑问意义，故应为 if/whether。 8．As is known to all that millions of graduates crowded into the job market each 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 year. 答案：As→It 本句是一个 it 作形式主语，that 引导的从句作真正主语的句子，故改 为 it。如果用 as，则为 As is known to all, millions of graduates...。 9．That you should learn is how to write down the most important words, not the whole sentence. 答案：That→What 主语从句的引导词需要在从句中作 learn 的宾语，故用 what。 10．The main reason for this was because my mother didn't know how to cook anything when she got married. 答案：because→that was 后是表语从句且从句中不缺少成分，故用 that 引导。