2019年度高考英语人教版必修三课堂要点精析讲义：Unit4SectionⅢGrammar—主语从句 6页

Section_ⅢGrammar— 主语从句 语法图解 探究发现 ‎①What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.‎ ‎②The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.‎ ‎③What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.‎ ‎④It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.‎ ‎⑤What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.‎ ‎⑥So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.‎ ‎[我的发现]‎ ‎(1)以上黑体部分在句中作主语。‎ ‎(2)①句中的what在从句中作表语，但⑤句中的what在从句中作宾语；③句中的what在从句中作主语。‎ ‎(3)②⑥句中的whether意为：是否。‎ ‎(4)④句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。‎ 一、定义 在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。‎ What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed aroundtheworld trip.‎ 让人们激动的是太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。‎ It worried the woman that her son was always playing computer games.‎ 儿子一直在玩电脑游戏，这让这个女人很担心。‎ 二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能 ‎1．连接词that和whether/if ‎(1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。‎ That she survived the accident is a miracle.‎ 她在事故中幸免于难简直是奇迹。‎ ‎(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。‎ Whether the plan will be carried out is still unknown.‎ ‎＝It is still unknown if/whether the plan will be carried out.‎ 这个计划是否会实施还不知道。‎ ‎[名师点津]　whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需用it作形式主语。‎ ‎[即时演练1]　补全句子 ‎ ‎①That_she_could_come_to_help_us made us very happy.‎ 她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。‎ ‎②Whether_she_is_coming_or_not doesn't matter too much.‎ 她来不来都无关紧要。‎ ‎2．连接代词(who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever等)‎ 连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。‎ Whichever (of you) comes in first will receive a prize. ‎ 无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。‎ Who will go to the concert is not known.‎ 不知道谁会去听音乐会。‎ Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others.‎ 无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。‎ ‎[名师点津]　who 引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”，而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。‎ ‎3．连接副词(when, where, how, why等)‎ 连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。‎ How this happened is not clear to anyone. ‎ 这件事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。‎ When we will have a meeting is an important question.‎ 我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。‎ Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. ‎ 我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。‎ ‎[名师点津]　名词性从句引导词的确定步骤：‎ ‎(1)分析句式结构，明确名词性从句在句中的功能；‎ ‎(2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义；‎ ‎(3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义；‎ ‎(4)确定从句的引导词。‎ ‎[即时演练2]　用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空 ‎ ‎①How it was done was a mystery. ‎ ‎②Why John was late for the class has been unexplained.‎ ‎③Which part of the country he will travel to needs discussing.‎ ‎④Where/When the English evening will be held has not yet been decided.‎ ‎⑤What surprises me most is that he is too proud.‎ ‎⑥Whoever is interested in the activity can sign your names. ‎ 三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构 ‎1．It＋be＋形容词(obvious, true, natural, strange, etc.)＋主语从句 It is important that he should know about this. ‎ 他应该知道此事是重要的。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在“It＋be＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。‎ ‎2．It＋be＋名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a pity, a/no surprise, etc.)＋主语从句 It's a pity that he didn't come. ‎ 很遗憾他没来。‎ ‎3．It ＋be＋过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, proved, etc.)＋主语从句 It is suggested that the meeting be put off.‎ 有人建议会议延期召开。‎ ‎[名师点津]　在“It＋be＋过去分词＋主语从句”结构中，过去分词若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。‎ ‎4．It＋不及物动词(happen, seem, appear, remain, etc.)＋主语从句 It seems that it is going to rain.‎ 看起来好像要下雨。‎ ‎5．It＋及物动词＋宾语＋主语从句 It surprised him why they came to visit him suddenly.‎ 让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然都来看他。‎ ‎[即时演练3]　 ‎ ‎(1)补全句子 ‎①It's_a_pity that you can't attend my birthday party.‎ 很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。‎ ‎②It's_suggested that the old man should go to the countryside to have a rest.‎ 建议这位老人到乡村休息一下。‎ ‎③It_seems_to_me that you disagree with the plan.‎ 在我看来，你好像不赞成这个计划。‎ ‎④It is doubtful whether_she_will_be_able_to_come_to_the_party.‎ 她是否能来参加聚会还很难说。‎ ‎⑤It_happened_that the harvest was bad that year.‎ 碰巧那年收成不好。‎ ‎(2)句型转换(每空一词)‎ ‎①That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us.‎ ‎→It surprised us that he suddenly fell ill last month.‎ ‎②Whether they will sell the house hasn't been yet decided.‎ ‎→It hasn't been decided yet whether they will sell the house.‎ ‎③That light travels in straight lines is known to us all.‎ ‎→It is known to us all that light travels in straight lines.‎ 四、主语从句中应注意的问题 ‎1．从句要用陈述语序 What we will do next should be decided.‎ 应该决定一下我们下一步该做什么。‎ ‎2．主谓一致 ‎(1)从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。‎ Where he will get a job after graduation has puzzled him much.‎ 毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。‎ ‎[名师点津]　what引导主语从句时，有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。‎ What the school needs most are books.‎ 这所学校最需要的是书。‎ ‎(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。‎ When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet.‎ 他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。‎ When and where they will hold the meeting is not clear.‎ 他们何时何地召开会议还不清楚。‎ ‎[即时演练4]　用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①What surprised me most was (be) that the man in rags was a millionaire.‎ ‎②What he needs most is (be) money.‎ ‎③When and where the meeting will be held has_been_decided (decide) already.‎ ‎④That the coal workers are still alive is (be) a wonder.‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Who will be in charge of the company is a mystery.‎ ‎2．Whether we will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather.‎ ‎3．Where cars will be parked in the future is a question.‎ ‎4．It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.‎ ‎5．It is a pity that you missed the film.‎ ‎6．What made her happy was that she won the game in such an important match.‎ ‎7．Whoever breaks the law should be punished.‎ ‎8．What role he will play in the film hasn't been known.‎ Ⅱ.单句写作 ‎1．(2016·天津高考书面表达)What_impresses_us_most_are (给我们印象最深的是) your art skills, in which you showed outstanding talent. ‎ ‎2．(2014·湖南卷书面表达)What_surprises_us_most_is (让我们最吃惊的是) that the water can remain at that temperature for about twenty hours.‎ ‎3．(2014·浙江卷书面表达)What_we_need_most_are (我们最需要的是) popular science books.‎ ‎4．That_he_will_attend_the_meeting (他将要参加会议) has excited every one of us.‎ ‎5．(广东高考作文)It_is_reported_that (据报道) about 30 volunteers who are at least 18 years old will be chosen from all over the world to go to the Mars by the year of 2015.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空(用适当的连接词完成下面短文)‎ Everyone knew 1.that Wendy was a famous writer, but no one knew 2.where she came from and 3.whether she was born in 1961 was still a mystery. 4.What they did know was 5.that she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6.whoever was in need of money. Wendy was generous and helpful, but some people thought she was chasing fame. Wendy said she didn't understand 7.why they were so narrowminded, but it didn't matter 8.what others thought of her. She just wanted to do 9.what(ever) she thought was right. I think that is 10.where the meaning of life lies.‎