2020届高考英语北师大版大一轮复习精练：必修5高考提能练（17） 15页

‎2020届北师大版单元复习测验卷：　　必修⑤　Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2019·长沙市南昌市第一次联考]Watching what you eat can be easier said than done, but a recent study shows it might not just be about what's on your plate — it could be about how quickly it disappears.‎ Japanese researchers followed 1,083 adults for five years, splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate: slow, normal, and fast. They also answered a questionnaire at the beginning of the study, sharing their diet, physical activity, and medical history. In the beginning, none of the volunteers had metabolic syndrome (新陈代谢综合征) — meaning at least three risk factors — which can lead to health problems like heart conditions and diabetes. ‎ ‎ When the participants reported back five years later, 84 had been diagnosed (诊断) with metabolic syndrome — and their eating speed was a major predictor, according to the results in the journal Circulation. The fast eaters were 89 percent more likely to have metabolic syndrome than slow and normal eaters. Just 2.3 percent of slow eaters received the diagnosis, compared to 11.6 percent of fast eaters. But that's not all. Fast eaters also saw more weight gain, larger waistlines, and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters.‎ ‎ The researchers say gobbling makes it easier not to take notice of ‎ fullness before your body has a chance to signal you to stop. “So when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat，” said Takayuki Yamaji, MD, study author and cardiologist at Hiroshima University in Japan in a statement.‎ ‎ Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too. One study of New Zealand women found fast eaters have higher bodymass indexes (指数), and a Chinese study found that both healthy and fat men ate less when told to chew 40 times instead of 15 times before swallowing. Initial research even suggests chewing your food longer could burn more calories — up to about 1,000 extra every month.‎ 体裁：说明文　题材：健康　主题：吃饭速度影响健康 ‎【语篇解读】　不只吃什么影响健康，吃的速度也影响健康。‎ ‎【难句分析】　In the beginning, none of the volunteers had metabolic syndrome(新陈代谢综合征) — meaning at least three risk factors — which can lead to health problems like heart conditions and diabetes.‎ 分析：这是一个复合句。主句是In the beginning, none of the volunteers had metabolic syndrome; which can lead to health problems like heart conditions and diabetes是定语从句。‎ 译文：起初，没有一个志愿者有新陈代谢综合征——意味着至少三种危险因素，新陈代谢综合征可引起心脏病和糖尿病等健康问题。‎ ‎1．What are the participants divided by?‎ A．Medical history.　 B．Health condition.‎ C．Physical activity. D．Eating speed. ‎ 答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“splitting them into three categories based on how quickly they ate: slow, normal, and fast”可知，按照参与者吃饭的速度，研究者将他们分为吃得慢、正常、快三个类别。‎ ‎2．Which may be the result of the study?‎ A．Fast eaters are 4 times more likely to have metabolic syndrome.‎ B．Normal and slow eaters don't have metabolic illness.‎ C．89% of fast eaters have higher blood pressure.‎ D．Slow eaters are healthier than fast eaters.‎ 答案与解析：D　考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Fast eaters also saw more weight gain, larger waistlines, and higher blood sugar levels than slow eaters”可知，比起吃得慢的人，吃得快的人体重增加更多、腰围更大、血糖水平也更高，反向推知，吃得慢的人比吃得快的人健康。‎ ‎3．What does the underlined word “gobbling” in Paragraph 4 best mean?‎ A．Tasting slowly. B．Digesting quickly.‎ C．Eating greedily. D．Cooking carefully.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的“when people eat fast they are more likely to overeat”‎ 可知，吃得快可能会让人吃得过多，所以这个词的意思应是“狼吞虎咽地吃”，故选C项。‎ ‎4．What does the last paragraph tell us?‎ A．The importance of eating speed.‎ B．The advantage of eating slowly.‎ C．The result of a Chinese study.‎ D．Fast eating and overeating.‎ 答案与解析：B　考查段落大意。根据文章最后一段的中心句“Previous research backs up the weight benefits of slow eating, too”及下文内容可知，本段主要讲慢点吃的好处。‎ B ‎[2019·郑州第一次质量预测]A day in the life of 18yearold David Lanster is full of typical teenage stuff: school, baseball practice and homework. And then he starts cooking. “Some nights I'm up until 1：00 a．m. making pies, or even later if we're cooking beef，” said the student at Ransom Everglades High School in Florida, US.‎ For the past year, Lanster and Kelly Moran, his classmate, have been hosting fancy dinner parties at Lanster's parents' home. Their meals have 17 courses and are all made by themselves. Their guests used to give them gifts to thank them until the pair decided to do something nice for charity (慈善事业). “We got some really great Miami Heat tickets, a nice watch, and many kitchen gadgets (小器具)，” Lanster said. “But we wanted to make this something positive for ‎ people other than us.”‎ Lauster and Moran focus on Common Threads, a charity that aims to teach kids in poor communities to cook and make healthy eating choices. The young cooks ask their guests to give however much they want as payment for their meals. It all goes to Common Threads because Lanster's parents cover their food costs. After their last 12person event, Lanster and Moran gave $1,600 to the charity.‎ Now, they're taking their show out of the kitchen and on the road. They have started to organize private dinner parties with a similar model: the host pays for the ingredients, and the guests make a donation to a charity of their choice.‎ Without formal training, Lanster said he had been interested in cooking since he helped his mom in the kitchen when he was very young. He learned how to cook by reading cookbooks and watching TV programs. Outside the kitchen, the two are busy preparing their college applications. Neither of them is sure what they will do in the future, but they've promised their parents that they will leave professional cooking alone until they finish school.‎ 体裁：记叙文　题材：社会生活　主题：慈善捐赠 ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了Lanster和Kelly Moran组织慈善捐赠的事迹。‎ ‎【难句分析】　Neither of them is sure what they will do in the ‎ future, but they've promised their parents that they will leave professional cooking alone until they finish school.‎ 分析：本句中what引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作宾语；that引导宾语从句；until引导时间状语从句。‎ 译文：他们两个人都不确定将来会做什么，但是他们已经答应父母，在(高中)毕业前会把专业烹饪放到一边。‎ ‎5．How is Lanster's life different from other teenagers' lives?‎ A．He plans to become a professional chef.‎ B．He plays baseball every day after school.‎ C．He goes to a cooking school in his spare time.‎ D．He holds dinner parties after a normal school day.‎ 答案与解析：D　考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“A day... and homework. And then he starts cooking”及第二段中的“For the past year, Lanster and Kelly Moran, his classmate, have been hosting fancy dinner parties at Lanster's parents' home”可知，Lanster除了上学、练习棒球和做作业之外，他在正常的上学日之后还举办晚餐聚会。‎ ‎6．What will Lanster and Moran usually do after a private dinner party?‎ A．Receive thankyou cards from the guests.‎ B．Visit the poor children at Common Threads.‎ C．Ask the guests to donate money to the charity.‎ D．Cover the food costs with the money collected.‎ 答案与解析：C　考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The young cooks ask their guests to give however much they want as payment for their meals. It all goes to Common Threads... gave $1,600 to the charity”可知，Lanster和Kelly Moran要求客人为饭菜随意付些钱，他们把这些钱捐给慈善机构。‎ ‎7．Which of the following words can best describe Lanster and Moran?‎ A．Ambitious.　 B．Generous.‎ C．Creative. D．Optimistic.‎ 答案与解析：B　考查推理判断。根据文章的描述可知，Lanster和Kelly Moran做饭并请人们吃饭，把人们留下的饭钱捐赠给慈善组织，所以他们是慷慨的。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎[2019·济南高考模拟]On a recent trip to California, I was introduced to Smile Cards. I promised myself to__1__an act of kindness before I left California. I __2__ thinking about it but I didn't know what to do.‎ I reached the airport and the __3__ was about to begin when I saw an ice cream store. I went in and told the guy at the store that I __4__ to do an act of kindness. The guy, named Jose, looked confused. __5__ I explained I had just attended a conference, where I was told Smile Cards and __6__ to do an act of kindness. Jose showed __7__. I told Jose, ‎ ‎“Whoever is your next __8__， treat them to some ice cream and then give them this Smile Card.” Jose __9__ read the card and agreed with a smile that was both grateful and __10__ at the same time.‎ Since this was my first time, I wanted to know the __11__ of the receiver. “Jose, I have to catch a __12__， but here is my cell phone number. Would you be __13__ enough to call me and tell me the person's reaction？” He __14__.‎ I went to my gate, and as I was about to board, Jose __15__， “I did the act of kindness. The person was very __16__， and asked me to express thanks to the person who paid for it！” I again thanked Jose and boarded the flight feeling __17__.‎ I really want to __18__ this practice of kindness. I am a professor and I love my work __19__ it makes a difference in the lives of others. And now, I realize that I can do that everywhere. The whole world is my __20__.‎ 体裁：记叙文　题材：日常生活　主题：请人免费吃冰激凌 ‎【语篇解读】　本文讲述了作者受“微笑卡”的启发请别人免费吃冰激凌的故事。作者内心感到骄傲，并打算继续做这种善事。‎ ‎【核心词汇】　keep doing sth.继续做某事，重复做某事　boarding登机，上船　confused困惑的　inspire激励，鼓舞　curiously好奇地 ‎1．A.start B．find C．prove D．explain 答案与解析：A　根据第一段中的“but I didn't know what to do”及第三段中的“Since this was my first time”可知，作者以前没有做过这样的善事，因此作者决定离开加利福尼亚之前开始做善事，故选A项。 ‎ ‎2．A.practiced B．enjoyed C．tried D．kept 答案与解析：D　作者老是想这件事，但不知道怎么做。keep doing sth.意为“继续做某事，重复做某事”，故选D项。 ‎ ‎3．A.working B．boarding C．shopping D．booking 答案与解析：B　根据第四段中的“I went to my gate, and as I was about to board”及“I again thanked Jose and boarded the flight feeling __17__”可知，作者抵达飞机场并且马上就要登机了，这时作者看见一家冰激凌店。boarding意为“登机，上船”，故选B项。 ‎ ‎4．A.managed B．chose C．wanted D．forgot ‎ 答案与解析：C　根据上文可知，作者一直想做善事，因此作者走进这个冰激凌店，告诉店员他想做善事，故选C项。 ‎ ‎5．A.Then B．Again C．Yet D．Anyhow 答案与解析：A　根据空前的“The guy, named Jose, looked ‎ confused”可知，冰激凌店的店员不太明白作者的意思，因此作者得给他解释一下，前后句为顺承的关系，应用then，故选A项。 ‎ ‎6．A.forced B．ordered C．allowed D．inspired 答案与解析：D　根据上文中的“On a recent trip to California, I was introduced to Smile Cards. I promised myself to __1__ an act of kindness before I left California”可知，作者是受到“微笑卡”的启发决定做善事的。inspire意为“激励，鼓舞”，故选D项。 ‎ ‎7．A.relief B．interest C．satisfaction D．delight 答案与解析：B　Jose表现出了兴趣。relief“减轻，宽慰”；interest“兴趣”；satisfaction“满足”；delight“高兴”，故选B项。 ‎ ‎8．A.visitor B．assistant C．customer D．friend 答案与解析：C　作者告诉Jose：“无论谁是你的下一位顾客，请他们吃些冰激凌并且给他们这个微笑卡。”customer意为“顾客”，故选C项。 ‎ ‎9．A.curiously B．calmly C．politely D．nervously 答案与解析：A　由上文可推知，冰激凌店店员Jose并不了解“微笑卡”，因此会好奇地读这张卡片。curiously“好奇地”；calmly“镇静地”；politely“礼貌地”；nervously“紧张地”，故选A项。 ‎ ‎10．A.annoyed B．tired C．frightened D．confused 答案与解析：D　根据上文并结合选项可知，Jose好奇地读了这张卡片，带着感激和困惑的微笑同意了。annoyed“恼怒的，烦恼的”；tired“累的”；frightened“害怕的”；confused“困惑的”，故选D项。 ‎ ‎11．A.reply B．reaction C．expression D．decision 答案与解析：B　根据下文中的“Would you be __13__ enough to call me and tell me the person's reaction”可知，作者想知道接受者的反应。reaction意为“反应”，故选B项。 ‎ ‎12．A.bus B．train C．flight D．taxi 答案与解析：C　根据上文中的“I reached the airport and the __3__ was about to begin”及下文中的“I again thanked Jose and boarded the flight feeling __17__”可知，作者要赶飞机。catch a flight意为“赶上飞机”，故选C项。 ‎ ‎13．A.kind B．brave C．wise D．reliable 答案与解析：A　句意：劳烦你给“我”打电话并告诉“我”这个人的反应好吗？would you be kind enough to do sth.“劳烦您做某事好吗”为习惯用法，故选A项。 ‎ ‎14．A.refused B．agreed C．sighed D．failed 答案与解析：B　根据下文Jose给作者打电话的内容“I did the act of kindness. The person was very __16__， and asked me to express thanks to the person who paid for it”可知，Jose同意了给作者打电话，故选B项。 ‎ ‎15．A.arrived B．shouted C．appeared D．called 答案与解析：D　根据上文中的“Would you be __13__ enough to call me and tell me the person's reaction”可知，作者请求Jose给他打电话，因此这里指Jose打来电话了，故选D项。 ‎ ‎16．A.happy B．active C．special D．clever 答案与解析：A　根据本句中的“and asked me to express thanks to the person who paid for it”可知，接受者想向为冰激凌付款的人表示感谢，因此可以推断接受者非常高兴，故选A项。 ‎ ‎17．A.safe B．lucky C．proud D．energetic 答案与解析：C　作者再次感谢Jose并且自豪地登上了飞机。safe“安全的”；lucky“幸运的”；proud“自豪的”；energetic“精力充沛的”，故选C项。 ‎ ‎18．A.introduce B．describe C．explore D．continue 答案与解析：D　作者真的想要继续做这种善事。根据下文中的“And now, I realize that I can do that everywhere”可知，作者觉得在任何地方都可以做这样的善事，由此推知作者想继续做善事，故选D项。 ‎ ‎19．A.once B．because C．if D．though 答案与解析：B　作者是一个教授，他爱自己的工作，因为它可以在其他人的生活中产生影响。前后为因果关系，应用表示因果关系的连词because，故选B项。‎ ‎20．A.homeland B．battlefield C．playground D．mainland 答案与解析：C　根据空前一句“And now, I realize that I can do that everywhere”可知，作者觉得在任何地方都可以做这样的善事。playground意为“活动场所”，故选C项。 ‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎[2019·辽宁五校联考]Red is a particularly popular color in China. A pair of red shoes — __1__ they are for sports, dances or just fashion — is a musthave for every Chinese woman's shoe collection. For most Chinese brides, red shoes should also be worn __2__ their big day.‎ As women's feet __3__ (connect) with female attraction, red shoes often emphasize this aspect __4__ convey special beauty. In some ‎ classical Chinese novels, there are __5__ (describe) of charming women in red silk shoes.‎ If you wear a dark dress in cold __6__ (season), a pair of red shoes can raise your ensemble (整套服装) to a __7__ (high) level. They can also go with different levels of red color, __8__ (give) the wearer a lively and joyful look.‎ ‎__9__ (sure) red will always be a beloved color for designers, and red shoes have also become a choice for many supermodels. If you are also a fan of this __10__ (energy) color, consider wearing a pair of red shoes for every Chinese Lunar New Year.‎ 体裁：说明文　题材：文化　主题：红色 ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了红色在中国备受青睐的原因和意义。‎ ‎1．答案与解析：whether　考查连词。根据固定句型：whether... or...意为“无论……还是……”，表示选择，故用连词whether。‎ ‎2．答案与解析：on　考查介词。on＋具体的日子，表示在具体的某一天。‎ ‎3．答案与解析：are connected　考查动词的时态和语态。动词connect和句子的主语women's feet构成被动关系，且此处表示客观情况的陈述，故用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎4．答案与解析：‎ and　考查连词。根据语境可知，前后句表示逻辑上的并列关系，即emphasize和convey并列，故用连词and。‎ ‎5．答案与解析：descriptions　考查词性转换。由介词of可知，此处应用名词形式，再由空前的there are，且description为可数名词可知，应用descriptions。‎ ‎6．答案与解析：seasons　考查名词的单复数。season是可数名词，且其前没有冠词修饰，故用复数形式。‎ ‎7．答案与解析：higher　考查形容词比较级。一双红色的鞋可以把你的整套服装提升到一个更高的水平。根据语境可知，此处隐含了一种比较的含义，故用形容词比较级higher，修饰名词level。‎ ‎8．答案与解析：giving　考查非谓语动词。动词give和句子的谓语go之间没有连词，故用非谓语，且和其逻辑主语构成主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。‎ ‎9．答案与解析：Surely　考查副词。副词修饰动词、形容词、副词或者整个句子，在句子中作状语。此处Surely是副词作状语，修饰整个句子。‎ ‎10．答案与解析：energetic　考查形容词。修饰名词一般用形容词，故此处用形容词energetic修饰名词color。‎