2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修五Unit2Theenvironment单元学案训练二（9页） 9页

‎2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修五 Unit 2The environment单元学案训练二 单元检测B——完形填空精准练＋失分题型强化练 ‎[完形填空精准练]‎ Research shows that when we are absorbed in an activity, even minor distractions (分心) can have a huge effect. According to a study, regaining our __1__ drive following an interruption can take about 20 minutes.‎ Multitasking (多任务), as many studies have shown, is a myth (谬论). A more accurate __2__ of what happens when we tell ourselves we are multitasking is that we're rapidly __3__ between activities, sucking our mental energy. And the __4__ can be surprisingly serious. An experiment found that we lose as many as 10 IQ points when we allow our work to be __5__ by distractions like emails and text messages.‎ The __6__ is that multitasking is enjoyable. It's fun to satisfy your curiosity. Who knows what that next email or text message holds __7__？ Finding out provides immediate satisfaction. __8__， resisting distractions and staying on task requires __9__ and mental effort.‎ So, what are we to do?‎ Our strategy is to change the __10__ to move temptation further away: shut down your email program or __11__ your phone. It's a lot easier to stay on task when you're not __12__ fighting off mental desires.‎ The alternative, which most of us consider common, is __13__ to dieting in a bakery. We all need the willpower to resist the temptations, but doing so comes with __14__ costs to our limited supply of willpower.‎ Another worthwhile __15__ is to collect similar activities together, keeping transition (转换) time to a __16__ point. Instead of spreading phone calls, meetings and emails throughout your day, try __17__ related tasks so that there are fewer transitions.‎ In some jobs, multitasking is __18__. Some of us truly do need to stay __19__ to our clients, colleagues and managers. So it's worth noting that limiting disruptions is the only solution.‎ Remember, the more you do to minimize taskswitching over the course of the day, the more ability you'll have for activities that actually __20__. Even small changes can make a big difference.‎ 语篇解读：研究显示，当我们全神贯注于某一活动时，即便是小小的一个分心都会对活动的效果产生巨大的影响。‎ ‎1．A.initial　　　　　　　　 B．personal C．inner D．ambitious 解析：选A　A项意为“最初的；原始的”；B项意为“个人的”；C项意为“内在的”；D项意为“有野心的；有抱负的”。句意：研究表明，在一次分心之后，我们想要再次获得干劲(专注于某一活动)，需要20分钟。根据句意可知，A项符合语境，即获得原来的干劲。‎ ‎2．A.plan B．account C．prediction D．insight 解析：选B　根据上文“正如许多研究表明，多任务是一种谬论”可知，B项表示“叙述；描述”，符合语境。A项意为“计划”‎ ‎；C项意为“预言；预测”；D项意为“洞察力”。当我们告诉自己正处于多任务时，对于此时所发生的事情的一个更加确切的描述是，我们是在几项活动间不停地转换。‎ ‎3．A.switching B．swinging C．swapping D．shuttling 解析：选A　A项意为“变换；转换”；B项意为“摇摆”；C项意为“交换；换掉”；D项意为“穿梭”。参见上题解析，A项符合语境，即在几项活动间不停地转换。‎ ‎4．A.benefits B．reasons C．consequences D．challenges 解析：选C　A项意为“好处”；B项意为“理由”；C项意为“后果；结果”；D项意为“挑战”。根据本句中的“surprisingly serious”以及后一句中的“loses as many as 10 IQ points”可知，C项符合语境，即这样做的后果有多么严重。‎ ‎5．A.guided B．changed C．adapted D．interrupted 解析：选D　A项意为“指导”；B项意为“改变”；C项意为“适应；改编”；D项意为“中断；打扰”。根据题意可知，D项正确。句意：根据一项试验，当我们的工作被分心打扰(中断)时，我们将损失多达10个点的IQ。‎ ‎6．A.advantage B．emphasis C．trouble D．practice 解析：选C　文章上一段讲到负面的影响，本段则介绍的是产生的原因，也就是具体的问题所在——虽然有负面影响，人们为什么还乐此不疲呢？因此选C(trouble在这里指“问题；麻烦”)符合语境。‎ ‎7．A.in stock B．in store C．in check D．in possession 解析：选B　A项意为“有现货的”；B项意为“将要发生”；C项意为“在控制中”；D项意为“占有；持有”。句意：谁知道下一封邮件或短信中会有什么内容呢？hold in store意为“蕴藏”。故B项符合语境。‎ ‎8．A.As a rule B．As a result C．In short D．In contrast 解析：选D　A项意为“通常来说”；B项意为“结果”；C项意为“总之”；D项意为“相反的是；相比之下”。根据上下文语境可知，前后句意相反，上一句说的是分心的情况，后一句则讲的是如何抵制分心。故选D。‎ ‎9．A.patience B．discipline C．courage D．attention 解析：选B　句意：要抵制分心的诱惑，并注重于我们的工作，需要自制力(discipline)和内心的努力。根据句意可知，选B项。A项意为“耐心”；C项意为“勇气”；D项意为“注意力”。‎ ‎10．A.expectation B．task C．environment D．vision 解析：选C　根据冒号后面的内容可知，C项符合语境，即改变工作环境或学习环境。‎ ‎11．A.replace B．silence C．answer D．pick 解析：选B　B项意为“使沉默”，符合语境，即将电话调成静音状态。‎ ‎12．A.continuously B．finally C．passionately D．directly 解析：选A　A项意为“连续不断地”；B项意为“最终”；C项意为“热情地”；D项意为“直接地”。句意：当你不再需要持续击退内心欲望时，专心于工作便会变得更加容易。根据句意可知A项符合语境。‎ ‎13．A.similar B．relevant C．superior D．opposite 解析：选A　A项意为“相似的”；B项意为“相关的”；C项意为“较高的”；D项意为“对立的；相反的”。句意：这个选择和在面包店里节食一样。根据语境可知A项正确。‎ ‎14．A.affordable B．basic C．considerable D．modest 解析：选C　A项意为“负担得起的”；B项意为“基本的”；C项意为“相当大的；相当多的”；D项意为“谦虚的；适度的”。句意：(尽管)我们需要抵制诱惑的意志力，但是这种做法(在面包店节食)会极大地消耗我们有限的意志力。根据句意可知，选C项。‎ ‎15．A.research B．aspect C．reaction D．approach 解析：选D　A项意为“研究”；B项意为“方面”；C项意为“反应”；D项意为“方法”。根据上文可知，这里是在教我们集中注意力的方法，所以选D。‎ ‎16．A.minimum B．maximum C．turning D．fixed 解析：选A　A项意为“最小的”；B项意为“最大的”‎ ‎；C项意为“转折的”；D项意为“固定的”。句意：另一种方法是将相似的工作归类在一起完成，这样可以将不同工作之间切换的时间缩短到最小。根据语境可知A项正确。‎ ‎17．A.analyzing B．grouping C．assigning D．undertaking 解析：选B　根据上题可知，B项的group指“分类、归类”，符合语境，即将相关的工作分组归类。A项意为“分析”；C项意为“布置；分派”；D项意为“承担；从事”，均不符合语境。‎ ‎18．A.disturbing B．annoying C．unavoidable D．unnecessary 解析：选C　A项意为“令人不安的”；B项意为“令人恼火的”；C项意为“不可避免的”；D项意为“没有必要的”。根据下文可知有些工作中，多任务是无法避免的。故C项正确。‎ ‎19．A.sympathetic B．loyal C．accustomed D．connected 解析：选D　A项意为“有同情心的”；B项意为“忠诚的”；C项意为“习惯的”；D项意为“有联系的”。句意：我们不得不和我们的客户、同事和经理保持联系。根据语境可知D项正确。‎ ‎20．A.matter B．function C．work D．interfere 解析：选A　matter在这里是不及物动词，意为“重要”，符合语境，即你将有更多的能力去处理那些真正重要的事情。‎ ‎[失分题型强化练]‎ Ⅰ.语法填空 We all know that the Friday after Thanksgiving means a mad ‎ dash to the shopping centre for ridiculous sales. But how did this bargain shopping get __1__ (it) start?‎ The first Black Friday actually had nothing __2__ (do) with Thanksgiving or shopping. The origin of Black Friday as we know it today started in Philadelphia during the 1950s and 1960s. Crowds of people would come to town the day after Thanksgiving for the annual ArmyNavy football game __3__ (hold) the following Saturday. Streets and __4__ (store) were always crowded, which was great for business but made easypickings for shoplifters (行窃者). Local police called this “Black Friday”. Not only did they have to deal with extra traffic __5__ shoplifting, but they had to work extra hours and couldn't request the day off.‎ The term didn't go national __6__ the late 1980s, but the __7__ (explain) changed. While shopkeepers __8__ (general) suffered financial losses most of the year, the increase of holiday shoppers marked the first day of real profit. In traditional accounting (会计) practices a few years ago, losses __9__ (record) in red ink, and profits in black ink. And so, the day after Thanksgiving __10__ companies go “into the black”and make a profit, became Black Friday.‎ ‎1．its　考查代词。根据空后的名词start可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎2．to do　考查固定用法。have nothing to do with 意为“与……没有关系”，为固定用法。‎ ‎3．to be held　考查非谓语动词。game与hold之间是动宾关系，且根据空后的“the following Saturday”可知，动作未发生。故此处用to be held。‎ ‎4．stores　考查名词的数。store作“商店”讲时，为可数名词，根据前面的Streets可知，此处用复数形式。‎ ‎5．and　考查连词。extra traffic与shoplifting是并列的，所以用and连接。‎ ‎6．until　考查固定用法。not ...until ...表示“直到……才”。‎ ‎7．explanation　考查名词。因为前面是 the 且空处作主语，所以用名词形式。‎ ‎8．generally　 考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词。‎ ‎9．were recorded　考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语 a few years ago 可知，应用一般过去时；record与losses之间是动宾关系，所以应用被动语态。‎ ‎10．when　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填 when。‎ Ⅱ.短文改错 I usually go to school by bike. And this morning I went on foot. On the way to school, I happen to witness an accident. A middleaged woman was knocked down by a car while crosses the street. Seeing that was happening on the scene, I made rush for the woman to help. One passerby got out of his cellphone and called the police. I helped to carry the woman to safe and dress her wound. Around ten minutes late, an ambulance arrived and took him to hospital. I continued my way to school, feeling happily that I could offer some help in time.‎ 答案：第二句：And→But 第三句：happen→happened 第四句：crosses→crossing 第五句：that→what; rush前加a 第六句：去掉of 第七句：safe→safety 第八句：late→later; him→her 第九句：happily→happy