2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit2Cloning单元教案设计（16页word版） 15页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版选修八Unit 2 Cloning单元教案设计 ‎ ‎ Period1 Warming Up, Pre-reading andReading a. 重点词汇和短语 clone，commercial，producer，undertake，arbitrary，object，forbid，accumulate，cast down， object to，the media，in favour of b. 重点句子 It is a way of…. The fact is that….‎ The question that occurred is….‎ 1. Ability goals 能力目标 Enable the students to describe cloning: What is the advantages of cloning？ What is the problems or dangers of cloning？What is your opinion of cloning？‎ Teaching important points 教学重点 How to describe cloning.‎ Teaching difficult point 教学难点 Help the students analyze the writing techniques of the article.‎ Teaching methods 教学方法 Skimming, task-based method and debate method.‎ Teaching aids 教具准备 A recorder, a projector and some slides.‎ Teaching procedures & ways 教学过程与方式 Step I Lead-in This topic is difficult for students. So teacher should help the students learn more about it. Do this in the way of asking and answering questions.‎ T: You can imagine how rapidly the modern science and technology develop. I think most of you must know something about space traveling, submarine exploration, robot, maglev train, gene engineering etc. But in recent years, a hot topic, cloning is often mentioned, especially when the cloning Dolly the sheep appeared. You may have first heard of cloning when Dolly the Sheep showed up on the scene in 1997. Cloning technologies have been around for much longer than Dolly, though. First things first, what is cloning and a clone? The dictionary says cloning is the technique of producing a genetically identical duplicate of an organism. A clone is said to be all descendants derived asexually from a single individual, as by cuttings, bulbs, by fission, by mitosis, or by parthenogenesis reproduction. It sounds very different and complicated to us. In fact, I mean, in our daily life, this happens often. For example, gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. You often see that your mother picks a small branch from a growing plant to make a new one. If she likes this kind of flowers, she can do cloning. Cloning also happens in animals or human beings when twins identical in sex and appearance are produced from the same original egg. The fact is that cloning plants is straightforward but the cloning of animals is more complicated. The possibility of human cloning, raised when Scottish scientists at Roslin Institute created the much-celebrated sheep "Dolly", aroused worldwide interest and concern because of its scientific and ethical implications. You can give your questions if you are interested in this topic. I am here today one of the scientists who work in this field. I am ready to answer any of your questions.‎ S: Now we know what is cloning. Are there different types of cloning?‎ T: When the media report on cloning in the news, they are usually talking about only one type called reproductive cloning. There are different types ‎ of cloning however, and cloning technologies can be used for other purposes besides producing the genetic twin of another organism. A basic understanding of the different types of cloning is key to taking an informed stance on current public policy issues and making the best possible personal decisions. The following three types of cloning technologies will be discussed: (1) recombinant DNA technology or DNA cloning, (2) reproductive cloning, and (3) therapeutic cloning.‎ S: Was Dolly created by what cloning? And why was Dolly so important?‎ T: Reproductive cloning is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. Dolly was created by reproductive cloning technology. She was the first mammal to be cloned from adult DNA taken from an adult cell. Previously, animals had only been cloned using embryo cells which already have the potential to become a complete embryo in its own right. The big breakthrough with Dolly was to make a clone from an ordinary, adult cell − in this case from a female goat’s udder.‎ S: Have you seen Jurassic Park? In this feature film, scientists use DNA preserved for tens of millions of years to clone dinosaurs. They find trouble, however, when they realize that the cloned creatures are smarter and fiercer than expected. Could we really clone dinosaurs.‎ T: In theory? Yes. What would you need to do this? A well-preserved source of DNA from the extinct dinosaur, and a could serve as a surrogate mother. In reality? Probably not. It’s not likely that dinosaur DNA could survive undamaged for such a long time. However, scientists have tried to clone species that became extinct more recently, using DNA from well-preserved tissue samples.‎ More questions about cloning are given in the appendix. The information above is for reference only. Or you can choose several students and ask them to act out a short play whose main topic is as follows:‎ An old man who was dying left all his fortune to his own son. But the did not know that his son was cloned. So two same young men both claimed that they were the old man’s son. They quarreled and fought with each other; at last they went to the judge. The judge let them check DNA. The result was that their DNA was the same. Now even the judge did not know what to do.‎ In this part the teacher can give the students some advice to act out. According to this play teacher ask the students several questions:‎ 1. Do you want to be cloned or not? Why?‎ 2. If you are the judge what will you do?‎ 3. Can you tell me the advantages of cloning?‎ 4. And what is the disadvantage?‎ Look at pictures T: Look at the pictures and discuss which ones are natural clones and which ones are man – made. Then explain how they differ.‎ S: I think the twins are natural clones and the Dolly sheep is man-made. T: You are right! Can you explain how they differ?‎ S: The twins were born at the same time, but the Dolly sheep is man-made. T: Anything else? Who want have a try?‎ S: I think the identical dog is man-made. T: Good Job Step II Pre-reading Before class, ask the students to search for some information about this topic. Now show your questions on the screen, and then let them discuss with each other.‎ T: Now please work in pairs and discuss about cloning. Then list the questions you want to find out. Share your list with your partner.‎ Ss: Yes, sir / madam. Questions about ‎ cloning:‎ 1. What is a clone?‎ 2. How is a clone produced?‎ 3. What benefits can humans gain from cloning?‎ 4. What problems may arise when humans are cloned?‎ ‎ Should we clone human?‎ 5． Could cloning replace sex as the means of creating new human life?‎ ‎6．Could a parent clone a child who is dying of a terminal illness? After a few minutes.‎ T: Do you have other questions? Volunteer! S: I have! What is the writer’s opinion?‎ T: Good job! I think many of you have questions, now let us read the article with the questions.‎ Step III While- reading Get the students to comprehend the passage quickly and accurately and meanwhile help the students form a good habit of reading.‎ T: Have you not the answers of your questions? Now please skim the passage fast to obtain a general understanding of the whole passage into several parts and find out the main idea of each part.‎ Show the following.‎ Para. 1 Cloning is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant. Para. 2 Cloning has two major uses.‎ Para. 3 The problems of Dolly. Para. 4 The effect of Dolly.‎ Para. 5 It is forbidden to clone human being.‎ Step IV Post-reading Ask the students to read the passage again to finish three tasks.‎ T: Now let’s listen to them. While listening, pay more attention to the correct pronunciation and tone. Then read the text by yourselves to get the answers to the three tasks. You can work in groups.‎ T: First, What are the problems or dangers of cloning?‎ S: Let me have a try! First, the cloned animals have the same illness of old animals and the same goes with the other species. Second, the cloned animals have short life and can cause moral questions.‎ T: You are right! And what are the advantages of cloning?‎ S: I know! Firstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Thirdly, it suddenly opens everyone’s eyes to the possibility of using cloning to cure serious illnesses, and even producing human beings.‎ T: What is the writer’s opinion? What do you think is the writer’s point of view in this reading passage? Is it in favour of cloning or against is?‎ S1: I think the writer is in favour of it, because there are many advantages of ‎ cloning. It can help people solve many problems in our daily life.‎ T: Good job! Yes, if we our human beings use the scientific technology properly it can bring many advantages to us!‎ S: Why did Dolly’s appearance raise a storm of objections and have a great impact on the media and public imagination?‎ T: Because nothing really prepared the world for the 1997 announcement that a group of Scottish scientists had created a cloned sheep named Dolly. Many folks believe that within the next decade, we will hear a more shocking announcement of the first cloned human. Scientists in South Korea have already created human embryonic stem cells through cloning. Until now, the idea of human cloning has only been possible through movie magic, but the natural progression of science is making human cloning a true possibility. We’ve cloned sheep, mice and cows, so why not humans? ‎ Explanation T: Now let’s deal with some language points. Turn to page 11. Let’s look at the sentence: It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant. 全句汉语意思:它是一种精确复制另 一个动物或植物的方式。Here a way of means a manner of 一种……的方式。‎ T: Turn to page 12. Look at the 8th line. Dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. In this sentence, raise means lead. (引起/导 致)。全句意思是：多利的出现引起一场反对风暴，并且对媒体和公众思想产生了很大的冲 击。‎ T: Turn to page 12. Look at the sentence: However, scientists still wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us. “whether cloning will help or harm us”, “where it is leading us” is the objects of the word “wonder” 全句意思是：科学家一直致力于研究克隆到底 会有助于我们还是会伤害我们，它们将我们引向何方。‎ Step V Homework Ask the students to do the following.‎ 1. Complete the exercises on page 13.‎ 2. Recite the key sentences in the text.‎ 3. What is Cloning? You might not believe it, but there are human clones among us right now. Have you ever wished you could have a clone of yourself to do homework while you hit the skate park or went out with your friends? Imagine if you could really do that. Where would you start?‎ Unit 2 Cloning Vocabulary and Useful Expressions Aims:‎ 1. Enable the Ss to grasp the words of cloning.‎ 1. Get the Ss to master some useful expressions.‎ Contents:‎ 1. differ v.‎ 1) ‎“To be dissimilar or unlike in nature, quality, amount, or form” eg：Ambition differs from greed.‎ 2) ‎“To be of a different opinion; disagree”‎ eg：The critic differed with the author on several facts.‎ 2. exact adj. “Strictly and completely in accord with fact; not deviating from truth or reality” eg：an exact account; an exact replica; your exact words.‎ 3. commercial adj. 1) “Of or relating to commerce” 2) “Engaged in commerce’ eg：a commercial loan; a commercial attaché; a commercial trucker.‎ 4. straightforward adj. 1) “honest’ 2) “easy to understand”‎ eg: a ~ explanation; written in ~ language; a ~ problem in algebra 5. procedure n.‎ 1) ‎‘A manner of proceeding; a way of performing or effecting something’ eg：complained to the manager, and by this procedure got the money back.‎ 1. Get the Ss to master some useful expressions.‎ Contents:‎ 1. differ v.‎ 1) ‎“To be dissimilar or unlike in nature, quality, amount, or form” eg：Ambition differs from greed.‎ 2) ‎“To be of a different opinion; disagree”‎ eg：The critic differed with the author on several facts.‎ 2. exact adj. “Strictly and completely in accord with fact; not deviating from truth or reality” eg：an exact account; an exact replica; your exact words.‎ 3. commercial adj. 1) “Of or relating to commerce” 2) “Engaged in commerce’ eg：a commercial loan; a commercial attaché; a commercial trucker.‎ 4. straightforward adj. 1) “honest’ 2) “easy to understand”‎ eg: a ~ explanation; written in ~ language; a ~ problem in algebra 5. procedure n.‎ 1) ‎‘A manner of proceeding; a way of performing or effecting something’ eg：complained to the manager, and by this procedure got the money back.‎ 2) ‎“A series of steps taken to accomplish an end”‎ 6. undertake v.‎ 1) ‎“To take upon oneself; decide or agree to do” eg：undertake a task.‎ 2) ‎“To pledge or commit (oneself) to’ eg：undertake oneself to care for an elderly relative.‎ 7. breakthrough n.‎ 1) ‎“An act of overcoming or penetrating an obstacle or restriction.”‎ 2) ‎‘A military offensive that penetrates an enemy's lines of defense’ eg: a ~ in cancer research 8. disturb v. “break the quiet, calm and peace’‎ eg: She opened the door quietly so as not to disturb the sleeping boy.‎ Don’t ~ the papers on my desk.‎ 9. arbitrary adj.‎ 1) ‎“Determined by chance, whim, or impulse, and not by necessity, reason”‎ eg：stopped at the first motel we passed, an arbitrary choice; arbitrary division of the group into halves.‎ 1) ‎“Based on or subject to individual judgment or preference”‎ eg：The diet imposes overall calorie limits, but daily menus are arbitrary.‎ 1. altogether adv.‎ 1) ‎“Entirely; completely; utterly”‎ eg：lost the TV picture altogether; an altogether new approach.‎ 2) ‎“With all included or counted; all told” eg：There were altogether 20 people at the dinner.‎ 2. objection n. “The act of objecting” eg: He has a strong ~ to getting up early.‎ ‎~s to the plan will be listened to sympathetically.‎ 3. media n. 媒体 eg: The running for president drew the ~’s attention.‎ Now the press is an useful media.‎ 1. moral adj.‎ 1) ‎“Of or concerned with the judgment of the goodness or badness” eg：moral scrutiny; a moral quandary.‎ 2) ‎“Teaching or exhibiting goodness or correctness of character” eg：a moral lesson.‎ 2. accumulate v. “To gather or pile up”‎ eg: By buying ten books every month, he soon ~d a library.‎ Dust soon ~s if the room is not swept.‎ 3. forbid v.‎ 1) ‎“To command (someone) not to do something” eg：I forbid you to go.‎ 2) ‎“To command against the doing or use of (something); prohibit” eg：forbid smoking on trains.‎ Unit 2 Cloning Listening, Speaking and Writing Teaching Goals:‎ 1. Activate the Ss to show their opinions about the cloning 2. Enable the Ss to write an article on this debate.‎ 3. Let the Ss focus on the different attitude towards cloning technology 4. Teach Ss how to get specific information.‎