【英语】2019届二轮复习高中语法总复习结构图之九定语从句（5页word版） 5页

‎2019届二轮复习高中语法总复习结构图之九定语从句 I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。‎ 关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注 关系代词 who 人 主语 Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?‎ whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人 宾语 Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..‎ whose 人，物 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history.‎ The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. ‎ that 人，物 主语，宾语 A plane is a machine that can fly.‎ She is the pop star (that) ‎ I want to see very much.‎ which 物 主语，宾语 The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.‎ The picture which was about the accident was terrible.‎ as 人，物 主语，宾语 He is such a person as is respected by all of us.‎ This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. ‎ as做宾语一般不省略 关系副词 when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there.‎ 可用on which where 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born.‎ 可用in which why 原因 原因状语 I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.‎ 可用for which II. that与which, who, whom的用法区别：‎ 情况 用法说明 例句 只用that的情况 ‎1．   先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。‎ ‎2．   先行词被all, any,‎ ‎1.He told me everything that he knows.‎ ‎2.All the books that you offered has been ‎ every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修饰时 ‎3．   先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时 ‎4．   先行词既指人又指物时 ‎5．   先行词被the only, the very修饰时 ‎6．   句中已经有who或which时，为了避免重复时 ‎ given out.‎ ‎3.This is the best film that I have ever read.‎ ‎4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.‎ ‎5.He is the only man that I want to see.‎ ‎6.Who is the man that is making a speech?‎ 只用which, who, whom的情况 ‎1．   在非限制性定语从句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人 ‎2．   在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。‎ ‎3．   先行词本身是that时，关系词用which, 先行词为those, one, he时多用who。‎ He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.‎ I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.‎ Those who respect others are usually respected by others.‎ III. as与which的区别：‎ 定语从句 区别 例句 限制性定语从句中 名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.‎ Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. ‎ 非限制性定语从句中 as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。‎ They won the game, as we had expected.‎ They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.‎ As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.‎ IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：‎ 类别 语法意义及特征 例句 限制性定语从句 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。‎ The accident happened at the time when I left.‎ 非限制性定语从句　‎ 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密 His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.‎ 切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。‎ ‎ ‎