高考英语二轮复习与策略第1部分专题3阅读理解类型2故事轶闻讲练 8页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 类型 2| 故事轶闻 考查要点 方法技巧 1.故事发生的背景、经过、结局。 2．情节、人物或事件之间的关系。 3．蕴含的哲理意义、风趣幽默。 1.理清叙事的顺序，是顺叙、倒叙还是插叙。 2．把握故事发生的主线，抓住情节、情感两 条主线索。 3．领会故事细节与主题的关系。 (2016·江苏高考·D) Not so long ago，most people didn't know who Shelly－Ann Fraser－Pryce was going to become.She was just an average high school athlete.There was every indication that she was just another Jamaican teenager without much of a future.However，one person wanted to change this.Stephen Francis observed then eighteen－year－old Shelly－Ann at a track meet and was convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness.Her times were not exactly impressive，but even so，he sensed there was something trying to get out，something the other coaches had overlooked when they had assessed her and found her lacking.He decided to offer Shelly－Ann a place in his very strict training sessions.Their cooperation quickly produced results， and a few years later at Jamaica's Olympic trials in early 2008，Shelly－Ann，who at that time only ranked number 70 in the world，beat Jamaica's unchallenged queen of the sprint (短跑)． “Where did she come from？”asked an astonished sprinting world，before concluding that she must be one of those one－hit wonders that spring up from time to time，only to disappear again without signs.But Shelly－Ann was to prove that she was anything but a one－hit wonder.At the Beijing Olympics she swept away any doubts about her ability to perform consistently by becoming the first Jamaican woman ever to win the 100 metres Olympic gold.She did it again one year on at the World Championships in Berlin，becoming world champion with a time of 10.73—the fourth fastest time ever. Shelly－Ann is a little woman with a big smile.She has a mental toughness that did not come about by chance.Her journey to becoming the fastest woman on earth has been anything but smooth and effortless.She grew up in one of Jamaica's toughest inner－city communities known as Waterhouse，where she lived in a one－room 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 apartment，sleeping four in a bed with her mother and two brothers.Waterhouse， one of the poorest communities in Jamaica，is a really violent and overpopulated place.Several of Shelly－Ann's friends and family were caught up in the killings； one of her cousins was shot dead only a few streets away from where she lived.Sometimes her family didn't have enough to eat.She ran at the school championships barefooted because she couldn't afford shoes.Her mother Maxime，one of a family of fourteen，had been an athlete herself as a young girl but，like so many other girls in Waterhouse，had to stop after she had her first baby.Maxime's early entry into the adult world with its responsibilities gave her the determination to ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty.One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly－Ann was taking her to the track， and she was ready to sacrifice everything. It didn't take long for Shelly－Ann to realize that sports could be her way out of Waterhouse.On a summer evening in Beijing in 2008，all those long，hard hours of work and commitment finally bore fruit.The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty，surrounded by criminals and violence，had written a new chapter in the history of sports. But Shelly－Ann's victory was far greater than that.The night she won Olympic gold in Beijing ，the routine murders in Waterhouse and the drug wars in the neighbouring streets stopped.The dark cloud above one of the world's toughest criminal neighbourhoods simply disappeared for a few days.“I_have_so_much_fire_burning_for_my_country，”Shelly said.She plans to start a foundation for homeless children and wants to build a community centre in Waterhouse.She hopes to inspire the Jamaicans to lay down their weapons.She intends to fight to make it a woman's as well as a man's world. As Muhammad Ali puts it，“Champions aren't made in gyms.Champions are made from something they have deep inside them.A desire，a dream，a vision.”One of the things Shelly－Ann can be proud of is her understanding of this truth. 65．Why did Stephen Francis decide to coach Shelly－Ann? A．He had a strong desire to free her family from trouble. B．He sensed a great potential in her despite her weaknesses. C．She had big problems maintaining her performance. D．She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets. 66．What did the sprinting world think of Shelly－Ann before the 2008 Olympic 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 Games? A．She would become a promising star. B．She badly needed to set higher goals. C．Her sprinting career would not last long. D．Her talent for sprinting was known to all. 67．What made Maxime decide to train her daughter on the track? A．Her success and lessons in her career. B．Her interest in Shelly－Ann's quick profit. C．Her wish to get Shelly－Ann out of poverty. D．Her early entrance into the sprinting world. 68．What can we infer from Shelly－Ann's statement underlined in Paragraph 5? A．She was highly rewarded for her efforts. B．She was eager to do more for her country. C．She became an athletic star in her country. D．She was the envy of the whole community. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了世界闻名的牙买加田径运动员弗莱瑟－普利 斯由一名不为人知的中学普通运动员成长为奥运会金牌得主的故事。正是由于“伯 乐”Stephen Francis 教练的赏识，加上妈妈的决心，再加上自己不懈的努力并对田径运动 及祖国的热爱，弗莱瑟－普利斯最终走向成功。 长难句解读：The barefoot kid who just a few years previously had been living in poverty，surrounded by criminals and violence，had written a new chapter in the history of sports. 分析：这是一个复合句。who...in poverty 是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 kid； surrounded by criminals and violence 为过去分词短语作状语。 翻译：周围充斥着罪犯和暴力，几年前一直生活在贫困中的这位赤脚年轻人在体育运动 史上书写了新篇章。 65．B [细节理解题。由题干中的 Stephen Francis 定位到文章的第一段。由第一段中 的信息．..convinced that he had seen the beginnings of true greatness...found her lacking.可知，教练 Stephen Francis 感觉到虽然弗莱瑟－普利斯当时表现不佳，但是她有 巨大的潜力，所以想训练她。故选 B 项。] 66．C [细节理解题。由第二段中的信息．..concluding that she must be one of those one－hit wonders that spring up from time to time，only to disappear again without signs.可知，在奥运会的预赛中，虽然弗莱瑟－普利斯击败了当时牙买加的短跑皇后，但是 业内人士还是不看好她，认为她只不过是“昙花一现”，结果还是会悄无声息地消失，也就 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 是说认为她的短跑生涯不会长久。故选 C 项。] 67．C [细节理解题。由第三段最后两句的信息．..ensure that her kids would not end up in Waterhouse's roundabout of poverty.One of the first things Maxime used to do with Shelly－Ann was taking her to the track...可知，母亲 Maxime 是受让孩子 们脱离贫困的强烈愿望的驱使，才带领女儿进入田径领域。故选 C 项。] 68．B [句意猜测题。根据第五段最后三句的内容可知，弗莱瑟－普利斯计划为无家可 归的孩子创办基金会，想在 Waterhouse 建立一个社区中心，想鼓励牙买加人放下武器，也 想为争取男女平等的权利而奋斗，这些都是她从大局出发为国家、为人民计划做的事，同时 也解释了她的话的含义，这与 B 项的描述相吻合。] 69．D [推理判断题。由穆罕默德·阿里说的 Champions are made from something they have deep inside them.A desire，a dream，a vision.可知，他认为是内在的东西成就了 冠军，而且后面作者紧接着说弗莱瑟－普利斯也领悟到了这一真谛。穆罕默德·阿里所说的 desire，dream，vision 与 D 项中的 motivation(动机)表达的是同一含义，故选 D 项。文中 引用的穆罕默德·阿里的话没有涉及教练(coach)，没有提到耐心(patience)，也没有提到 努力工作(hard work)，所以排除 A、B、C 三项。] 69.By mentioning Muhammad Ali's words，the author intends to tell us that ________． A．players should be highly inspired by coaches B．great athletes need to concentrate on patience C．hard work is necessary in one's achievements D．motivation allows great athletes to be on the top 70．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Making of a Great Athlete B．The Dream for Championship C．The Key to High Performance D．The Power of Full Responsibility,70.A [主旨大意题。整篇文章介绍了牙买加 短跑明星弗莱瑟－普利斯由一名不为人知的中学普通运动员成长为奥运会金牌得主的故事。 成名后，弗莱瑟－普利斯并没有止步不前，而是计划为祖国做更多的事情，所以 A 项“一个 伟大的运动员的造就”最符合文章的内容。B 项意为“冠军的梦想”，C 项意为“高效的关 键”，D 项意为“全部责任的力量”，在文章中都找不到理论依据，故予以排除。] A 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 (2016·盐城三模) In 1946，Will Thomas decided he did not wish to live in his native land any longer and that he would take his wife and children to Haiti，where as Negroes in a Negro republic，they would be free of racial prejudice and their opportunities would be limited only by their ability to use them. He does not believe he need detail the reasons behind this unhappy decision， except to say that being considered and treated as an inferior on every level of life can become intolerable，especially when it is by one's race rather than his individual worth that he is prejudged—and condemned. When he reached this point，he had become an unbeliever in both God and country， for it seemed to him that racial segregation and all that it implied was as rigid on the spiritual as on the ordinary practical life.And so finally he made the decision to leave his native land—permanently. Love of country，Thomas found，can be very deep，very strong.So he thought to make one final try in his motherland for the equality of status which he considered he had been denied; and he chose Vermont for the experiment.Thomas reasoned that because of its great traditions of personal freedom there was at least a chance that he and his family might find there what they so yearned for，and they did.In the small farming community where they settled，they were accepted on a basis of individuality unqualified by race. However，it is not that which now seems most important to him.It is，rather， that in such a friendly atmosphere，and amid the quiet of a beautiful countryside， it was possible to think calmly，and gradually to gain understandings by which Thomas believes he can live in peace with other men，and with himself，for the rest of his life. One of these understandings is that unless one seeks sincerely for whatever it is he most wants，he surely will not find it，and that what he really had been seeking most of his life was not what he wanted but instead was justification for the resentments he felt.This is not to say there was not cause for those resentments， but rather that he had so concentrated upon them he could not see that the picture was not all bad—that in fact，there was considerable good in it. Thomas had condemned his country and his religion because he viewed only what seemed wrong in both.But when he was able to remove the blinds of his own prejudice， it became clear that these failures，these flaws in church and state，were human 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 failures，human flaws，and not mere self－willed bigotry; and that within each there were，and there always had been，many who had worked and fought for what was right. Thomas thinks the core of his earlier bitterness had been the conviction that he had been denied his birthright of human dignity.But he knows now that is something which cannot be given or taken away by man. It has been written that he who seeks shall find，and that to him who asks， it shall be given.And he can only testify that when he did seek，he did find; and that when he asked，it was given to him.And he knows that only the God he once denied could bestow such precious gifts. 威尔·托马斯由于遭受种族歧视本决定带着家人离开自己的祖国去海地永久定居。然 而，他发现自己深爱着祖国，于是他决定暂不离开，在佛蒙特州进行最后一次争取平等地位 的尝试，结果他得到了自己渴求的平等和自由。最重要的是，在佛蒙特州的生活使托马斯明 白了，这些种族偏见只是人类的失败，瑕疵；而总有人为正确的事情而斗争。人与生俱来的 尊严是无法被赠予或者剥夺的。 1．What made Will Thomas decide to escape his native land in 1946? A．Disappointment with God. B．Equality in a Negro republic. C．Racial discrimination. D．Lack of individual worth. C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的 where...they would be free of racial prejudice... 可知，种族歧视使威尔·托马斯在 1946 年做出逃离自己祖国的决定。故选项 C 符合题意。] 2．Where should the sentence “However，he did not do it.” be placed? A．Between Paragraphs 1 and 2. B．Between Paragraphs 2 and 3. C．Between Paragraphs 3 and 4. D．Between Paragraphs 4 and 5. C [推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句及第四段第一句可知，托马斯本决定永远离开自 己的祖国，但是他发现自己对祖国有着很深、很强烈的爱。于是他决定暂不离开，在佛蒙特 州进行最后一次尝试。故选项 C 符合题意。] 3．By writing the passage，the author intended to ________． A．question human failures and flaws B．suggest how to fight for human dignity C．call on more people to condemn racism D．show transformation in thinking Thomas underwent 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 D [主旨大意题之写作目的题。纵观全文可知，威尔·托马斯由于遭受种族歧视决定带 着家人离开自己的祖国。然而，在佛蒙特州进行的争取平等地位的尝试使他得到了自己渴求 的平等和自由。托马斯终于明白了，事情并没有这么坏，而人与生俱来的尊严是无法被赠予 或者剥夺的。由此可见，作者写作本文的目的是为了表明托马斯所经历的思想上的变化。故 选项 D 符合题意。] 【导学号：57732022】 B (2016·河南省八市重点高中质量检测) A California man who was feeling sick almost died recently from a shocking cause. 26－year－old Luis Ortiz went to a hospital because of a headache and nausea (恶心)．When doctors examined him，they were shocked to find a tapeworm larva (绦 虫幼虫) in his brain.The story got stranger.The larva was still alive. The creature had caused a cyst(囊肿) inside his head.The cyst was restricting the flow of liquids to different areas of his brain.The situation was so serious that doctors said they had to perform an emergency operation to remove the larva. A doctor who operated on Ortiz told him he had only 30 minutes to live.When the doctor pulled the worm out of his head，it was still moving. Luis Ortiz was a student at California Stage University in Sacramento.He began experiencing headaches in late August.But Ortiz said he did not think the headaches were serious. In September，he visited a friend and his parents in another city.That is when the pain got worse.His mother saw Ortiz throwing up and took him to a hospital emergency room. The doctors saved Ortiz's life.However，the surgery also affected him.Ortiz had to drop out of school and move back home.For now，he is not permitted to work or drive a vehicle. The U．S.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says the U．S.has about 1， 000 reported cases of tapeworms each year.The CDC adds that tapeworms are more common in developing countries with poor public health systems. The best way to avoid a tapeworm infection (感染) is to wash fruits and vegetables.Also，make sure meat is cooked thoroughly.The CDC suggests cooking all meat to an internal temperature of at least 63 degrees Celsius. 本文介绍了一位叫 Luis Ortiz 的美国青年，因头痛难忍和恶心而去医院就诊，医生惊 奇地发现他的脑子里有一条绦虫幼虫。后来，医生的及时救治挽救了他的性命。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 4．What caused Luis Ortiz to feel sick and headaches? A．Dirty food eaten in August. B．Travelling for a long way. C．A living creature in his brain. D．Uncooked meat eaten by him. C [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“they were shocked to find a tapeworm larva(绦虫幼虫)in his brain”可知，有一条活的绦虫幼虫在 Luis Qrtiz 脑袋里，使他恶 心头痛。故选 C。] 5．If the doctors didn't have an emergency operation on him，Luis Ortiz was likely to ________． A．die of cancer B．live for only half an hour C．finish studying in school D．pass the driving test B [细节理解题。根据第四段的第一句“A doctor who operated on Ortiz told him he had only 30 minutes to live.”可知，选 B。] 6．How should people avoid infecting tapeworms? A．By washing fruits and vegetables. B．By boiling plates and bowls before meals. C．By cooking meat to at least 63 ℃ outside. D．By improving the development of economy. A [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的第一句“The best way to avoid a tapeworm infection(感染)is to wash fruits and vegetables.”可知，选 A。] 7．What did the writer think of the cause of Luis Ortiz's disease? A．Quite frightening. B．Very dangerous. C．Rather puzzling. D．Extremely surprising. D [推理判断题。根据文章的第一段“A California man who was feeling sick almost died recently from a shocking cause.”可推知，作者对 Luis Ortiz 的病因感到极其震 惊。故选 D。]