高考英语二轮复习专题10书面表达讲含解析 18页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 专题 10 书面表达 【构建知识体系】 基础写作 考点 1 记叙文型书面表达 考点 2 应用文型书面表达 考点 3 说明文型书面表达 考点 4 议论文型书面表达 2016-2017 年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计 试卷 新课标Ⅰ 新课标Ⅱ 年份 2017 年 2016 年 2017 年 2016 年 命题形 式 文字提示 文字提示 文字提示 文字提示 写作内 容 写封邮件告知下 次上课的计划 暑假想去一 家外贸公司 兼职，已写好 申请书和个 人简历 (résumé)。给 外教 Ms Jenkins 写 信 邀请外教 Henry 一 起 参 观 中 国 剪 纸 (papercutting) 艺术展 校摄影俱乐部 (photography club)将举办国际 中学生摄影展。请 给你的英国朋友 Peter 写封信 体裁 应 用 文 ( 电 子 邮 件) 应用文(书 信) 应用文(电子邮件) 应用文(书信) 【考纲解读】 考试大纲 要求 考纲解读 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 根据提示进行书面表 达。考生应能： （1）准确使用语法和 词汇；（2）使用一定的句 型、词汇，清楚、连贯地 表达自己的思想。 要求考生根据所给 情景，用英语写一 篇 100 个单词左右 的短文。情景包括 目的、对象、时间、 地点、内容等；提 供情景的形式有图 画、图表、提纲等。 书面表达的评分标准：1.信息内容的完整性 (Completeness)；2.信息内容的连贯性(Coherence) ；3.句子结构的正确性(Correctness)；4.句子结构 的复杂性(Variety)。 【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向 1.[2017·全国卷Ⅰ] 假定你是李华，正在教你的英国朋友 Leslie 学习汉语。请你写封邮件告知下次上课的计划。内容包括： 1. 时间和地点； 2. 内容：学习唐诗； 3. 课前准备：简要了解唐朝的历史。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【参考范文】 Dear Leslie， I am very happy that you have made great progress in learning Chinese and you are interested in Chinese culture. Now I'll tell you the next learning programme. On July 20, we are going to learn poems of the Tang Dynasty which you are interested in in the Lecture Hall. As a foreign learner, it is difficult for you to understand the true meaning and the culture of them. Therefore, before class, you can read some books related to the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 Be sure to go to the Lecture Hall on time. You cannot miss the wonderful poems. Best wishes. Yours， Li Hua 2. [2017·全国卷Ⅱ] 假定你是李华，想邀请外教 Henry 一起参观中国剪纸(papercutting)艺术展。请给他写封邮件，内容 包括： 1．展览时间、地点； 2．展览内容。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 【参考范文】 Dear Henry， I'm Li Hua, one of your students in your cultural class. I know you're interested in one of Chinese traditional art forms—papercutting. So I invite you to attend an exhibition of it. It'll be held from June 10 to July 10 this year and the opening time is from 9：00 am to 7： 00 pm from Monday to Saturday and the place of the exhibition is at the City Gallery, which is located at 118, Jian Guo Road, Hai Dian District. Shall we go there together this Friday afternoon? I will meet you at 2：00 pm at the teaching building gate if you like. You know we Chinese have a lot of traditional art forms, of which papercutting is one of the most popular. In the exhibition, you will enjoy many special kinds of papercuttings. Maybe you can learn one or two skills of the cutting. Looking forward to your early reply. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 Regards, Li Hua 3．[2017·全国卷Ⅲ] 假定你是李华。你所在的校乒乓球队正在招收新队员。请给你的留学生朋友 Eric 写封邮件邀请他加入， 内容包括： 1．球队活动； 2．报名方式及截止日期。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Dear Eric， I was informed that our school Pingpong Team is looking for new members among us students. I know you show great fancy in ball games, especially pingpong. As you know, playing pingpong can not only build up your body but also shape your character. Additionally, it can help you make more friends, which is essentially beneficial to you. Would you like to join? If so, please go to sign up at the Student Union office, which is on the second floor of the Teaching Building. You can go there any time this Saturday afternoon. If you want me to accompany you, please let me know. I will be available any time. Looking forward to your early reply. Yours, Li Hua 【高考预测】 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 纵观近几年全国高考试题，虽未出现此类题型，但可以预测 2018 年全国高考试题可能会 ①题材贴近考生的学习和生活。历年来全国高考书面表达的题材都非常贴近考生的学习生活，如：就暑假 赴英学习英语向招生大学询问有关情况、邀请外教一起去敬老院陪老人过重阳节、畅想十年后的自己等。 可以预料 2018 年高考写作题的题材还会在这些范围之内，并为考生所熟悉。 ②写作的体裁主要是应用文。命题形式多为文字提示或文字+图表，以书信为主。 ③利用英语讲好中国故事，宣传中国文化，增强文化自信是未来命题的重要方向。 【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点 考点一 记叙文型书面表达 【例 1】[2017·北京卷] 假设你是红星中学高三学生李华，请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录毕业前夕你 们制作以“感恩母校”为主题的毕业纪念视频的全过程。 注意：词数不少于 60。 提示词：视频 video ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 1. In order to leave some impressive memories for all of us before graduation, our class made a special video to express our appreciation to… 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 2. carried out a discussion/various ideas were put forward 3. shot some wonderful videos in the school/interviewed our teachers… 4. Those who are talented in computer contributed to the making of the video. 5. edited the video/added our love to… 6. The show received a warm welcome among our fellow schoolmates. 7. Memories of the past flooded into our minds/firm bond to our school… 内容要点： 1. 讨论分工 2. 收集素材 3. 编辑制作 4. 放映视频 One possible version： Graduation finally came. My classmates and I decided to do something. After a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record our experiences at school. Material collecting took us a whole week, during which we interviewed our teachers and took pictures of every aspect of school life. The editing part after that was tough. We debated over what to put into the video. Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect. Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation ceremony, it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time. That surely gave us a great sense of achievement. 规律方法 1：记叙文型书面表达 记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体，包括记人、 记事方面的故事、日记、游记、新闻、通讯等。记叙文通常要将时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果这 六个要素交代清楚。通常使用第一人称或第三人称来写，第一人称主要用于写自传或本人的经历，第三人 称用于写他人的经历或事迹。写作时要注意以下几点： (1)注意不要漏掉信息点，但也不要为了生动而随意添加信息。 (2)信息点的表述不一定完全按照题目所给的顺序，可能要适当重组。要特别注意故事发展的线索和时 间顺序等。 (3)记叙文写作的时态多数用一般过去时，但也要注意灵活运用其他时态。 (4)高考中记叙文的话题通常是与中学生的生活阅历有关，如校园生活、旅游、交通、交友等，因此平 时要注意积累这些方面的词汇。 【变式精练】【北京市房山区 2016-2017 学年度高三年级第二学期第一次模拟】 77. 假设你是红星中学高三（1）班学生李华， 上周五你们班参观了中国科技馆，请按照以下四幅图的先 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 后顺序，以“A Day in Museum”为题，给校刊“英语角”写一篇英文稿件，介绍活动的全过程。 注意：词数不少于 60。 提示词：China Science and Technology Museum 中国科技馆 【答案】Last Friday, we were organized to pay a visit to China Science and Technology Museum. Upon arrival, we were given an introduction about the various exhibition areas of the museum at the main hall. We listened very carefully and were attracted to the exhibition of science and life. Entering the exhibition hall, we were amazed by the splendid space models including the China Railway High-speed (CRH), the spacecraft and the rockets, which appealed many of us to take photos and have a hot discussion. Lots of us agreed that our country is on the high way to getting stronger. Knowing that there’s a chance to experience the making of the space models in person in the DIY area, we rushed to there without any hesitation. There, under joint efforts, we made a model plane with what we learned in the exhibition hall, which pleased all of us. Time flied, we didn’t want but we had to bid farewell to the museum and the fabulous exhibition. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 On the way home, the school bus was boiled with excitement. We laughed and promised ourselves that we would try our best to make our motherland much stronger. In my mind, there was a sweet dream rising in which I discovered an unknown land with a new spacecraft from our Shenzhou series. I couldn’t help smiling from the bottom of my heart. 考点二 应用文型书面表达 【例 2】【2017·浙江 11 月真题】假定你是李华，得知外教 Mr. Hall 寒假不回国，想邀请他到你家过春节。 请给他写一封信，内容包括： 1.时间； 2.一同过节的家人； 3.活动。 注意：1. 词数 100 左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Mr. Hall, I’m writing to invite you to come to my home to celebrate the Spring Festival on January 19. It’s traditionally a time for family reunion, so my parents and my brother will all be there. We’ll make dumplings together and have a big dinner. We’ll also play card games and watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV. You may even get a gift from my parents. If you’re able to come, 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 I’ll go and pick you up at your place. Best, Li Hua 【范文亮点】①It’s traditionally a time for family reunion.②If you’re able to come, I’ll go and pick you up at your place.运用了主将从现的句型。 规律方法 2：应用文型基础写作 应用文是指在日常生活和工作中为某种具体的实用目的而写的文体，主要有书信、通知、海报、请柬、 请假条、便条、日记、启事、祝辞、履历表等。应用文的语言力求平实、准确、简洁。由于应用文的使用 广泛而频繁，其表达的内容结构严谨、易于理解掌握，所以写作时要注意以下几点： (1)正式的应用文有比较规范的格式，但高考中的基础写作至今尚未考查过格式，只要求准确地表达正文内 容。 (2)注意时态，如日记常用过去时态，通知、请柬通常要用将来时态，而履历表用现在时态。 (3)应用文的写作往往有一些特定的习惯语句或套话，这些语句在考试中可能会被考查到，所以要重点掌握。 【变式精练】[2014·全国卷Ⅱ] 一家英语报社向中学生征文，主题是“十年后的我”，请根据下列要点和你的畅想完成短文。 1.家庭： 2．工作： 3.业余生活。 注意：1.词数 100 左右： 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯： 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 3.开头语已为你写好。 I often imagine what my life will be like in the future. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 用到了宾语从句 in whatever I do、I will work in a computer company as a program designer 等， 这些都给 朴素的语言带来了亮点。 考点：考查提纲作文。 考点三 说明文型基础写作 【例 3】[2011·广东卷] 以下是一本图书的基本信息及相关报道。 基本信息： (1)书名：Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother (2)作者：Amy Chua，美籍华人，耶鲁大学教授 (3)出版时间：2010 年 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 12 (4)内容：作者用中国传统方式教育两个女儿的故事 (5)效应：引发中美教育方式孰优孰劣的讨论 相关报道： (1)中文版：2011 年初开始在中国销售 (2)意外反应：多数中国妈妈不赞同作者的做法 (3)最新消息：17 岁的大女儿已被哈佛大学和耶鲁大学录取 参考词汇：耶鲁：Yale；哈佛：Harvard 写作内容 根据以上信息写一篇图书介绍，内容包括： 1．图书的基本信息； 2．图书的相关报道。 写作要求 只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容。 评分标准 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。 【参考范文】 The book Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother written by Amy Chua，a Chinese American，who is a professor in Yale University，was published in 2010.The book is about how the author educated her two daughters with Chinese traditional education mode，which brought about heated discussion about which is better between Chinese education mode and American education mode.In early 2011， the book came onto the market in China.Contrary to people’s expectations，most of the Chinese 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 13 mothers are not in favor of the author’s way she educated children.However，according to the latest news，her elder daughter，has been admitted into Yale University as well as Harvard University. 【名师点拨】 内容提示中共有 10 个要点，第一个句子包含了书名、作者名、籍贯、职业以及出书时间 5 个要点，而 且句式中有过去分词作定语，同位语和定语从句，该句不仅信息量大而且句式复杂而又流畅。第二个句子 包含书的内容及效应，其句式结构复杂，先是介后宾语从句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，同时定语从句 中还含有一个宾语从句，体现了语言基本功的扎实。另外，后三个句子中的过渡性词汇使用恰当：in early 2011；contrary to people’s expectations；however；as well as 等。一篇好的作文首先是要点齐全， 第二是句式丰富、高级，第三是过渡性词汇恰当。 规律方法 3：说明文型基础写作 说明文是用简洁的文字介绍事物的特性、构造、变化、结果的文章。高考中，说明文常见的话题有： 产品介绍、地点描述、方位描写、变化分析、购物指南和操作说明等。近几年的说明文主要是即时性的说 明文。写这类文章需注意以下几点： (1)首先要读题审题，弄清需要介绍的内容，把握信息要点，不可遗漏也不能添加。 (2)写作内容要条理清楚、层次分明。说明科技方面的内容常用定义法、比较对比法、分类法和因果法 等； 说明自然环境方面的内容常用时空次序法和分类法等。 (3)时态常用一般现在时，若是介绍其历史，要用一般过去时； 语态可能用到被动语态； 若是介绍地 点环境等，要善于运用 there be 结构。 【变式精练】 中国的传统节日中秋节马上就要到了，你的美国笔友Mike请你在他们的校报上介绍一下中秋节的情况， 请你根据下表写一篇短文。 【写作内容】中秋节简介 时间 每年阴历八月十五日，是中国最重要的传统节日之一。 范围 中国及亚洲其它一些国家都会庆祝。 象征 人们认为月亮是团圆、运气、财富的象征，在那天会互相表达祝福。 方式 在那一天，人们通常回家与家人团聚，共聚晚餐。人们还会吃月饼，那是一 种圆圆的饼，里面有肉、果仁、鸡蛋等。 【写作要求】只能使用5个英语句子表达全部内容。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 14 【评分标准】句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。 【参考范文】 The Mid-autumn Festival, which is one of the most important traditional festivals in China, falls on August 15th of the Lunar calendar every year. Not only is it popular in China but it is also celebrated in many other Asian countries. People believe that the moon is a symbol of reunion, luck and fortune, and it is a custom to express best wishes to the beloved ones at this particular time. On that day people usually go back home to have family reunion, enjoying a large meal with their family. They will also eat moon cakes, which are round cakes with meat, eggs, nuts and other things inside. 【名师点拨】 1.节日的介绍一般应包括过节的时间、方式，有时还会说到节日的历史和意义。因传统节日是年年过的, 所 以用一般现在时。 2. 必须使用亮点句型：特别是从句、非谓语动词，句子要尽可能长一点。 考点四 议论文型基础写作 【例 4】 近年来，很多父母选择陪伴孩子读书学习，陪读已成为一种普遍现象。请你根据以下要点写一篇短文， 内容应包括： 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 15 1．简要描述陪读现象； 2．分析父母陪读的原因（2 至 3 个）； 3．发表你对此的看法。 注意：词数 120 词左右。 Should Our Parents Accompany Us in Studying at School? 【参考范文】 【答案】 Should Our Parents Accompany Us in Studying at School? In recent years, many parents choose to accompany their children in studying, which has aroused a wide concern. These parents are willing to leave their hometown, even quit their jobs to follow their children into the campus. Most of them rent an apartment nearby so as to take good care of their children. Parents consider it necessary to offer a better living condition to the kids. Meanwhile, it can allow them to keep track of the kids’ academic performance. Nevertheless, what they’ve ignored is that it will get their kids into the habit of being dependent. Thus, they will never develop the ability of self-control in the future. Trust leads to independence. So it seems to me that parents should create room for children’s growth and study in order to ensure their overall development. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 16 【解析】 【亮点说明】本文结构紧凑，用 Meanwhile, so，Nevertheless 和 thus 使层次分明，而且使用了多种句式 和结构。比如主语从句和表语从句 what they’ve ignored is that it will get their kids into the habit of being dependent ，it seems to me that…和非限制性定语从句 which has aroused a wide concern.。 还有短语 willing to, keep track of 等。 考点：考查提纲作文。 规律方法 4：议论文型基础写作 议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事进行分析、评论，以表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的 一种文体。议论文有三要素，即论点、论据和论证。论点的基本要求是：观点正确、概括得当、有实际意 义，能恰当地综合运用各种表达方式； 论据的基本要求是：真实可靠、充分典型； 论证的基本要求是： 推理必须符合逻辑。议论文的写作要注意以下几点：(1)准确找出论点、论据及其之间的相互关系，即找出 要点。 (2)合理安排材料的顺序，即论点、论据和结论之间的表述方式。(3)注意文章的时态、语态等。议 论文通常用一般现在时，但叙述过去的事实时，应用过去时态； 预测将来的事情时，要用将来时态。议论 文也经常使用被动语态； 有时假设一种虚拟情况时，还需要用虚拟语气。 【变式精练】根据下图为某英语杂志写一篇题为“The importance of communication”的稿件，描述下 面的漫画内容并谈谈自己的观点。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 17 [写作内容] 1. 描述图片； 2. 简单举例以表达个人观点。 [写作要求] 只能用5个句子表达全部内容。 [评分标准] 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章连贯。 【参考范文】 The importance of communication 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 18 We can see from the picture that just beside the door, two men are holding a heavy box and they are very tired, with sweat pouring down from their faces. Though each of them makes great efforts to move the box, it still stays at the same place, for they have opposite opinions in their minds. One thinks that it should be carried out of the room, while the other considers that it should be carried in. If they share their opinions, they can reach an agreement and work together to move the box much more easily and save a lot of time and energy. So good communication is the first step towards effective work. 【名师点拨】 以漫画为素材的书面表达，内容一般分为两个部分：1.仔细观察并介绍漫画的内容。2.根据漫画的内 容写出与之相关的评论，也就是把表面现象上升到理性的高度。成文时要注意前后两部分的内容长度，应 该基本相当。