【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题间接细节理解题典题例举（6页word版） 6页

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题间接细节理解题典题例举 细节理解题常分为直接细节理解题、间接细节理解题和概括细节理解题。间接细节理解题相对于直接细节理解题而言难度要大，命题的迷惑性更大，因为此类题目的正确选项都经过了命题人对原文信息的语义转换，两者存在表达上的差异。考生不能从原文中直接找到答案，而是要对原文信息稍加归纳才能得出正确答案。‎ ‎[典例]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选)‎ ‎...‎ Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质), iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein)．Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质)．The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares? However, they are rich in vitamin C.‎ ‎...‎ ‎24．What does the author seem to like about cherries?‎ A．They contain protein.‎ B．They are high in vitamin A.‎ C．They have a pleasant taste.‎ D．They are rich in antioxidants.‎ ‎[解析]　选C　在该选段中，作者比较了草莓、蓝莓、樱桃和核桃类水果各自不同的优点，从其中“As for cherries (樱桃), they are so delicious who cares？”这句话可知，人们喜欢樱桃是因为它们味道甜美。C项中的“have a pleasant taste”与文中的“are so delicious”意义吻合。‎ ‎[干扰项分析]　A项是raspberries的特征；B项是对“yellow and orange stone fruits”的特征的曲解；D项是blueberries (蓝莓)的特征。‎ ‎[增分技巧]　间接信息题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。在做间接细节理解题时，要做到“两关注”“一 防范”。‎ ‎“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的归纳。‎ ‎“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的迷惑性，错误选项常使用诸如张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半等方式来造成句意的改变。‎ 训练目标(一) ‎ 对点练——攻克失分短板 A(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读D节选) ‎ ‎...‎ Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.Small talk is the grease (润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast.“Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk，” he explains.“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”‎ ‎...‎ ‎33．What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?‎ A．Showing good manners.‎ B．Relating to other people.‎ C．Focusing on a topic.‎ D．Making business deals.‎ 解析：选B　由该选段最后卡尔杜齐说的话可知，成功的闲聊的关键是学会怎样与他人产生联系，而不只是与他人交流，文中的connect with与B项的relate to的含义是一致的，表示“与……联系”。‎ B(2017·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B节选) ‎ I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul — he stood up ‎ for me.I don’t know how many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.‎ ‎...‎ ‎24．Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?‎ A．Paul Newman wanted it.‎ B．The studio powers didn’t like his agent.‎ C．He wasn’t famous enough.‎ D．The director recommended someone else.‎ 解析：选C　根据选段中“When the studio didn’t want me for the film — it wanted somebody as well known as Paul ...”可知，工作室不想让“我”拍这部电影是因为想找一名与保罗一样出名的演员出演。本题命题人在C项中对文中信息进行了同义替换，用famous替换well known。‎ C(2017·全国卷Ⅲ阅读B节选) ‎ ‎...‎ The film classic The Last Picture Show was the last movie shown in the old theater.Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with tearyeyed audience wanting to say goodbye to the old building.Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.The movie is set in a small town where the only movie theater is preparing to close down.‎ ‎...‎ ‎25．Why was The Last Picture Show put on?‎ A．It was an alltime classic.‎ B．It was about the history of the town.‎ C．The audience requested it.‎ D．The theater owner found it suitable.‎ 解析：选D　根据选段中的“Theater owner Ed Bradford said he chose the movie because it seemed appropriate.”可知，电影The Last Picture Show讲述的内容和剧院的命运一样，剧院经理Ed Bradford认为放映此部电影非常契合此时的情景。原文中的“appropriate”和D项的“suitable”为同义词，都表示“合适的”，故答案为D。‎ D(2018·北京高考阅读A节选) ‎ ‎...‎ I was one of the final runners to finish.But I finished！And I got a medal.In fact, I got the same medal as the one that the guy who came in first place had.‎ ‎...‎ ‎38．How was the author’s first marathon?‎ A．He made it.　　　　　 B．He quit halfway.‎ C．He got the first prize. D．He walked to the end.‎ 解析：选A　根据选段可知，作者坚持到了最后，而且得到了一块奖牌，虽然不是第一名，由此可归纳出“他成功地跑完了这次马拉松”。make it意为“达到预定目标，获得成功”。故选A。‎ 高考真题链接 It’s only been two weeks since Montana Brown began working at the Aflac Cancer Center of Atlanta, but she said, “The job is more than anything I could ask for.It’s so cool to just be at the place where I was treated and to have an influence over the kids.”‎ Brown was just two when she was diagnosed (诊断) with rhabdomyosarcoma, a rare type of cancer.She received treatment for a year and then the disease was controlled.‎ But at the age of fifteen, she was diagnosed again with the same cancer and had to receive treatment for another year.She was also told that she had to stop dancing, one of her hobbies.‎ Brown said she remembered just how compassionate (有同情心的) the nurses were during that difficult time.So she decided to give back in the same way the nurses did with her when she was in the hospital.‎ ‎“Around 10th or 11th grade, I started thinking about what to major in，” Brown said.“I knew I wanted to help people and I knew that I wanted to use my story to help others and give them hope and inspiration.The more I thought about it, the better I knew being a nurse would be the greatest field for me.” She received a degree in nursing from Augusta University last year.‎ Caroline Rooke, the nurse manager at the Aflac Cancer Center, said.“Brown’s experiences make her a special part of the team.She would improve the care experience that we can offer our patients.It’s her special way of giving back.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Montana Brown两岁的时候就被查出患有癌症，并在医院接受了治疗。为了回报社会，她在大学学习护理专业，毕业后成为那家医院的一名护士。‎ ‎★4. What does Montana Brown think of her job?‎ A．Amazing. B．Interesting.‎ C．Boring. D．Demanding.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段Brown所说的话“The job is more than anything I could ask for.It’s so cool to just be at the place where I was treated and to have an influence over the kids.”可知，她认为回到这家医院工作是一件很酷的事情，她对此很满意，故正确答案为A。A项“Amazing”与文中的“so cool”为同义表达。‎ ‎★5.Why did Montana Brown choose to be a nurse?‎ A．She believed this field was so cool.‎ B．She wanted to inspire more patients.‎ C．She hoped she could cure her illness.‎ D．She intended to get some experience.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第五段的“I knew I wanted to help people and I knew that I wanted to use my story to help others and give them hope and inspiration.”可知，她之所以选择当一名护士，是因为她想帮助更多的人，想用自己的故事给别人希望和鼓舞。B项中的“inspire”与“inspiration”的意思是一致的。‎ ‎6．What can we learn from Brown’s story?‎ A．No difficulty can make us lose hope.‎ B．It is important to choose a proper job.‎ C．Nothing can prevent us achieving our goals.‎ D．Anyone has the ability to give back to society.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第四段、第五段的内容以及最后一段护士长的话“It’s her special way of giving back.”可知，Brown在接受治疗期间从护士那里感受到了爱心与照顾，这促使她毕业后选择成为一名护士，以此回报社会。她的故事告诉我们：每个人都有回报社会的能力。‎