2021届高三英语北师大版一轮总复习教师用书：情态动词和虚拟语气 16页

www.ks5u.com ‎(一)情态动词 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2018·北京卷)In today's information age, the loss of data can cause serious problems for a company. ‎ 解析：句意：在如今的信息化时代，丢失数据可能会给一个公司造成严重的问题。can在此表示客观可能性，意为“可能会，有时候会”。‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Truly elegant chopsticks might be_made (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.‎ 解析：根据语境可知，筷子是被制造的。此处为含有情态动词的被动语态might be done。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.去掉let前的to 解析：情态动词would表示“意愿”时后面直接接动词原形。‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)We can chose between staying at home and taking a trip.chose→choose 解析：情态动词can后面接动词原形。chose是choose的过去式形式。‎ ‎1．表示能力(can/could/be able to)‎ can表示能力，could主要指过去。‎ Two eyes can see more than one.两只眼比一只眼看得清。‎ Could the girl read before she went to school?‎ 这女孩上学前能识字吗？‎ ‎[方法技巧] 如何区分can和be able to ‎(1)can在时态上只有现在时和过去时两种，而be able to则有更多的时态。‎ ‎(2)be able to强调“通过努力有能力做到”，如果表示“某事已经成功做成”应用was/were able to，而不用could。‎ The fire spread through the building very quickly but everyone was able to get out.‎ 尽管这场大火很快蔓延到了整个大楼，但是每个人都逃出去了。‎ ‎2．表示请求、允许、允诺(can/could/may/might/shall/will/would)‎ ‎(1)can表示请求和允许，与may同义，常用于口语中。could表示的语气更委婉。‎ Can I have a look at your new pen?‎ 我可以看一下你的新钢笔吗？‎ ‎(2)may表示请求、允许，might表示的语气更委婉。might可以指过去的时间，也可指现在的时间。其疑问句的否定回答为I'm afraid not或mustn't。‎ May (might) I ask for a photo of your baby?‎ 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？‎ ‎(3)shall 用于第一、三人称的疑问句，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。‎ Shall the boy wait outside?‎ 让那男孩在外面等吗？‎ ‎(4)shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、强制或威胁。‎ You shall get an MP5 player if you pass the coming examination.‎ 如果你通过了即将举行的考试，你会得到一个MP5的。(允诺)‎ ‎(5)will表示请求，用于疑问句，常与第二人称连用。‎ Will you close the window? It's a bit cold.‎ 请把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。‎ ‎(6)would用于第二人称，表示委婉地提出请求、建议或看法，比will更为客气。‎ Would you mind cleaning the window?‎ 请把窗户擦一下好吗？‎ ‎3．表示必要性(must/need/should/ought to)‎ ‎(1)must表示必要、命令或强制，意为“必须，应该”(指说话人的主观意志)。在回答must引导的问句时，如果是否定的回答，通常不用mustn't，而要用needn't或don't have to。‎ We must do everything step by step.‎ 我们必须循序渐进地做每件事。‎ ‎(2)need用作情态动词时，没有词形的变化，后面跟不带to的不定式(即跟动词原形)，通常用于否定句和疑问句中。‎ You needn't telephone him now.‎ 你现在不必给他打电话。‎ ‎(3)should表义务、责任或劝告、建议、命令等，意为“应该”，用于各种人称。‎ You should be polite to your teachers.‎ 你对老师应该有礼貌。‎ ‎(4)ought to表义务，意为“应该”，口气比should稍重。‎ You are his father. You ought to take care of him.‎ 你是他父亲。你应当照顾他。‎ ‎4．表意愿或勇气(will/would/dare)‎ ‎(1)will表示主观意志、意愿，用于各种人称的陈述句。‎ If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you.‎ 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。‎ ‎(2)would作为will的过去式，用于过去时中，表示主观愿望或意志。‎ I said I would do my best to help you.‎ 我说过我愿意尽我最大努力来帮你。‎ ‎(3)dare作情态动词时主要用于否定句、疑问句以及条件句中，没有人称和数的变化，但有过去式dared，另外，它还可作实义动词。‎ She dare not go out alone at night.‎ 她晚上不敢一个人出去。‎ ‎1．can的特殊用法 ‎(1)表示可能性(理论上或是逻辑判断上)。‎ On such a rainy day, accidents can happen.‎ 在这样的下雨天，有时会发生事故。‎ ‎(2)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。‎ How can you be so careless?‎ 你怎么这么粗心呢？‎ ‎(3)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好”。‎ You can't be too careful while driving.‎ 开车时越小心越好。‎ ‎2．may的特殊用法 ‎(1)may well＋动词原形，意为“很可能，大可以，完全能”。‎ He may well be proud of his son.‎ 他大可以以他的儿子为荣。‎ ‎(2)may as well＋动词原形，意为“最好，满可以，不妨，干脆”。‎ We may as well stay where we are.‎ 我们留在现在的地方倒也不错。‎ ‎3．must的特殊用法 must表示“偏要，硬要”做某事，指令人不快的事情。‎ Why must it rain on Sunday?‎ 为什么偏偏是星期天下雨呢？‎ ‎4．shall的特殊用法 shall用于第三人称的陈述句中，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定。‎ The law shall come into effect on May 1st.‎ 这个法律从‎5月1日起生效。(规定)‎ ‎5．should的特殊用法 should多用于疑问句中，表示惊讶、难以相信或不应该的事，常与why或how连用，译为“竟会”。‎ Why should you be so late today?‎ 今天你怎么会这么晚？‎ ‎6．will/would的特殊用法 will/would表示某种倾向或习惯性动作，意为“经常，惯于，总是”。‎ The door won't open.这门打不开。‎ ‎1．can/could表示可能性主要用于否定句和疑问句。‎ He can't have enough money for a new car.‎ 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。‎ ‎2．may/might表推测时主要用于肯定句或否定句中，might的可能性比may更小。‎ He may be at home.‎ 他可能在家。‎ He was afraid they might not agree with him.‎ 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。‎ ‎3．must表示有把握的推测，意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句中。‎ He must be ill. He looks so pale.‎ 他准是病了。他的脸色如此苍白。‎ ‎4．should表示有一定根据的推测、推论或可能性，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等(肯定的语气没有must表推测时强)。‎ ‎—I'll come for the books he sent me tomorrow morning. OK?‎ ‎——我明天上午来取他寄给我的书。好吗？‎ ‎—OK. They should be here by that time.‎ ‎——好的。到那时他们按道理应该到了。‎ ‎5．would表示预料或猜想，意为“也许，大概”。‎ It would be ten when he left home.‎ 他离开家时大概是十点钟。‎ ‎6．ought to表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较强。‎ If he started out at nine, he ought to be here by now.‎ 他如果九点出发，现在应该到这里了。‎ ‎(一)对过去的推测 ‎1．must have done 表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”，常用于肯定句。‎ It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.‎ 昨晚肯定下雨了，因为地面都湿了。‎ ‎2．can/could have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定，常用于否定句和疑问句。‎ I saw Mr Wang just now. He couldn't have gone to Beijing.‎ 我刚才看见王先生了。他不可能去北京了。‎ ‎3．may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许/或许已经……”，常用于肯定句和否定句。‎ I'm not sure. He might have said so at the conference.‎ 我拿不准。或许在会上他说过这样的话。‎ ‎(二)表示责备、后悔或遗憾 ‎1．could have done 表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为“本来可以……”，通常用于肯定句。‎ You could have done better, but you were too careless.‎ 你本来可以做得更好的，但是你太粗心了。‎ ‎2．might have done 表示本来应该或可以做某事，含有轻微的责备语气，用于肯定句。‎ You might have given him more help though you were busy.‎ 你本来可以给予他更多的帮助的，虽然你很忙。‎ ‎3．should/ought to have done用于肯定句时，表示“本该做某事”，而实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示“不该做的事反而做了”。‎ You should have come to the meeting earlier.‎ 你本应该早点来开会。‎ ‎4．needn't have done表示做了本来不必做的事。 ‎ You needn't have waken me up. I don't have to go to work today.‎ 你没有必要叫醒我的。我今天不用工作。‎ ‎5．would rather have done表示“宁愿当时做了某事”，其否定形式表达相反含义，两者都表示“后悔”之意。‎ I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rather not have done that.‎ 我在会议上提出了反对意见，但是现在我宁愿当时没有那样做。‎ ‎6．had better have done sth.用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”。‎ You had better have started earlier.‎ 你当时最好早点出发。‎ ‎7．would like/love to have done表示过去愿意做某事，但未做成。‎ I would love to have gone to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.‎ 昨晚我本想去参加晚会，但是我必须加班完成报告。‎ ‎(二)虚拟语气 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．(2019·江苏卷改编)What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we would_have_had (have) a good time together.‎ 解析：‎ 考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时＋其他，主句：主语＋should (would, could, might)＋现在完成时＋其他。‎ ‎2．(2019·天津卷)The workers were not better organized, otherwise they would_have_accomplished (accomplish) the task in half the time.‎ 解析：考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们不是很有组织，否则他们就会在一半的时间内完成任务了。根据语境和句意可知otherwise后面是虚拟语气，且是对过去发生的事情的虚拟。otherwise they would have accomplished the task in half the time相当于if the workers were better organized, they would have accomplished the task in half the time。‎ ‎3．(2018·北京卷改编)They might have found a better hotel if they had_driven (drive) a few more kilometers.‎ 解析：句意：如果他们开车再多走几千米的话，他们或许就会找到一家更好的旅馆。主从句皆为对过去的虚拟，从句中应使用过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。‎ ‎4．(2018·天津卷改编)If we had_caught (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now.‎ 解析：句意：如果昨天我们赶上了航班的话，我们现在正在海滩上享受我们的假期了。此句是错综时间虚拟语气，由yesterday可知从句是对过去的虚拟(用过去完成时)，主句是对现在的虚拟。‎ ‎5．(2018·江苏卷改编)It's strange that he should have taken the books without the owner's permission.‎ 解析：句意：真奇怪，他居然没有得到主人的允许就把那些书拿走了。在it is strange that...; it is important that...; it is necessary that...等句式中，that 引导的从句要用“should＋动词原形”作谓语。‎ ‎6．(2018·江苏卷改编)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I had (have) a second chance to become more involved.‎ 解析：‎ 句意：在这个村子里有很好的社交生活，并且我希望我能再有一次机会更多地参与其中。动词wish后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。若表示与现在相反的虚拟，从句用一般过去时； 若表示与过去相反的虚拟，从句用过去完成时或would/could have done。根据句意可知，此处表示与现在的情况相反，故用动词的过去式。‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎　(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby.can→should或去掉can 解析：suggest在此处表示“建议”，后面接宾语从句时，从句中谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。‎ ‎1．虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中 虚拟条件句 主句 与现在事实 相反的假设 if＋主语＋动词的过去式(be动词用were)‎ 主语＋would/could/should/might＋动词原形 与过去事实 相反的假设 if＋主语＋had＋过去分词 主语＋would/could/should/might＋have＋过去分词 与将来事实 相反的假设 ‎①if＋主语＋动词的过去式 ‎②if＋主语＋were to＋动词原形 ‎③if＋主语＋should＋动词原形 主语＋would/could/should/might＋动词原形 ‎　If I had time, I would go to the concert.‎ 如果我有时间，我就去听音乐会了。‎ If I had practised more, I would have passed the driving exam.‎ 如果我更多的练习的话，我就会通过驾驶考试了。‎ If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.‎ 如果明天下雨，运动会就会被推迟。‎ ‎2．错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句所表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，这种虚拟条件句称为错综时间条件句。动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。‎ If you had taken the doctor's advice，you would be better now.‎ 如果你接受了医生的建议，你现在就会好多了。‎ If Tang Ning were in town, I would have heard about it.‎ 要是唐宁在城里，我肯定早已听说了。‎ ‎3．if省略句 如果虚拟条件句中含有were，should，had三个词(其中should是助动词)，可将if省略，把这三个词前置到主语之前，形成部分倒装。‎ If I were in your position, I would study better.‎ ‎→Were I in your position，I would do study better.‎ If you had come earlier，you would have met her.‎ ‎→Had you come earlier，you would have met her.‎ If he should come tomorrow，I would give him the dictionary.‎ ‎→Should he come tomorrow，I would give him the dictionary.‎ ‎4．含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件句表示出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过介词(短语)with, without, but for等来表示。‎ We couldn't have finished the work in time without your help.‎ 没有你的帮助，我们不可能及时完成了这项工作。‎ ‎　在It is (high/about) time (that)．..句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形(其中should不能省略)。此句型意为“(现在)该……了”，用来表示提议。‎ It is high time that we were off.‎ 我们该走了。‎ ‎1．主语从句 ‎(1)在 “It is＋important/ necessary/natural/ strange/essential/a pity＋that...”句型中，谓语动词用(should)＋动词原形。‎ It is strange that the poor old man should have been invited to his wedding.‎ 那位贫穷老人竟然被邀请参加他的婚礼，真是奇怪。‎ ‎(2)It be＋suggested/advised/desired/proposed/ordered/demanded等＋that从句中，谓语动词用(should)＋动词原形。‎ It's suggested that the old man (should) be sent to hospital immediately.‎ 有人建议说老人必须马上被送去医院。‎ ‎2．宾语从句 ‎(1)在demand, suggest, require, propose, advise, order, insist等后接的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略。‎ He demands that he (should) be told everything.‎ 他要求将一切告诉他。‎ ‎(2)wish后的宾语从句分别用一般过去时、过去完成时和might/could/would＋动词原形表示对现在、过去和将来的虚拟，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。‎ I wish I could walk on the moon one day.‎ 我希望有一天我能漫步于月球。‎ ‎(3)would rather 后接that从句分别用一般过去时、过去完成时表示对现在和过去的虚拟。‎ I'd rather that they hadn't heard of the news.‎ 我宁愿他们没听到那些消息。‎ ‎3．表语从句和同位语从句 在suggestion, advice, order, proposal, plan, idea, request等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词用(should＋)动词原形。‎ My idea is that we (should) think it over before accepting it.‎ 我的想法是在接受它之前多多考虑一下。‎ He issued the order that the troops (should) withdraw at once.‎ 他命令部队马上撤退。‎ ‎　If only要是……就好了 If only I were a flying bird!‎ 多么希望我是一只飞鸟！‎ If only you hadn't met him!‎ 要是你没遇见他就好了。‎ Ⅰ.用情态动词填空 ‎1．When I was a child, I could watch TV whenever I wanted to.‎ ‎2．—What are you doing this Saturday?‎ ‎—I'm not sure, but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.‎ ‎3．The door won't open, no matter how hard she pushed.‎ ‎4．One of our rules is that every student shall wear school uniform while at school.‎ ‎5．They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. ‎ ‎6．—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? ‎ ‎—I am afraid you must,_in case he comes late for the meeting.‎ ‎7．We needn't have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.‎ ‎8．—Who can_ be phoning us at this time of night? ‎ ‎—It might be your sister.‎ ‎9．We can't imagine that two children should be killed by the washing machine of their house.‎ ‎10．—The deadline is drawing, but I failed to challenge the task a third time.‎ ‎—Shall my brother have a try?‎ Ⅱ.用所给动词的正确形式填空 ‎1．It is required by law that a driving test (should)_be_taken (take)‎ ‎ before a man gets a license.‎ ‎2．I was ill that day, otherwise I would_have_taken (take) part in the sports meet.‎ ‎3．The national smog serves as a constant reminder, indicating that it's high time we reflected (reflect) on ourselves.‎ ‎4．—How I wish I had_passed (pass) the geography exam!‎ ‎—So you're sorry that you didn't work hard.‎ ‎5．—It would_be (be) cool if I won this contest. I don't think I'm good enough, though.‎ ‎—Give it a shot. You never know.‎ ‎6．The Antarctica is so mystically described by some people. If only I had_been (be) there before.‎ ‎7．—It's a shame that you missed the lecture on the British culture given by Thompson.‎ ‎—I would/should_have_attended (attend) it, but I was busy preparing for the coming exam.‎ ‎8．—Did you make it at last?‎ ‎—Yes. But for your help, it would/could_have_caused (cause) a serious loss.‎ ‎9．Most citizens in Hong Kong strongly insisted that those who attacked the police with violence (should)_be_put into prison.‎ ‎10．I wish I had_shared (share) the car journey home with my friends. Now they are watching the football match at home.‎ Ⅲ.用适当的情态动词完成下列短文 Miss Fang read for very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that she __1__ go to the Health Service and see a doctor. “You should see a doctor as soon as possible，”she said.“You __2__ need glasses.”‎ When Miss Fang had free time，she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor __3__ see her at 3：30.‎ Miss Fang replied that she __4__ not be able to be there at 3：30 ‎ because she had a class then. “The doctor might take you at about ten to four，”the appointment clerk suggested.‎ ‎“__5__ I put you down for ten to four，or would you rather come tomorrow？”‎ Miss Fang replied，“I think I __6__ make it at ten to four.”‎ Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher，“__7__ I leave at 3：45 today？I must have an eye examination.” As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you __8__.”‎ ‎1．should　2.may/might　3.could　4.would ‎5．Shall　6.can　7.May/Can　8.can Ⅳ.语法填空 Beautiful Jiangxi，Showing Her Charm to the World Have you ever imagined how beautiful Jiangxi is? She has 166,900 square kilometers of land，of which 63.1% __1__ (cover) by forests.She has five national nature reserves,46 national forest parks，four World Heritage Sites and four World Geological Parks，and nurtures every precious __2__ (species) for the earth.Over 2,400 rivers gather together __3__ (form) the Poyang Lake，the __4__ (large) fresh water lake in China and an important wetland in the world.About 98% of the world's white cranes inhabit in this paradise of birds.Wuyuan，just __5__ the landscape in Chinese painting，is known as one of the most beautiful __6__ (village) in the world.I don't think there is any place more beautiful than Wuyuan in the world.If there is，it must be next year's Wuyuan.‎ Have you ever imagined __7__ glory Jiangxi has? The Chinese People's Liberation Army，a __8__ (power) force in maintaining regional stability and world peace，was founded here 90 years ago.This land of high mountains and dense forests __9__ (be) the cradle of Chinese revolution.And it has built a new spiritual dimension __10__ enriches the 5,000 yearold civilization of China.‎ 本文介绍了美丽的江西。‎ ‎1．is_covered　‎ 解析：考查被动语态和主谓一致。 先行词为land，定语从句的主语of which 63.1%与cover之间为被动关系，故用被动语态，“分数/百分数＋名词”作主语时谓语动词取决于名词，故用is covered。‎ ‎2．species　‎ 解析：考查名词的单复数。根据every可知此处应用单数形式， species单复数同形。‎ ‎3．to_form　‎ 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处作目的状语，故用动词不定式。‎ ‎4．largest　‎ 解析：考查形容词比较等级。根据常识可知鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖，故此处应用最高级形式。‎ ‎5．like　‎ 解析：考查介词。婺源就像中国绘画作品中的风景画，作为世界上最美丽的村庄之一而闻名。like像。‎ ‎6．villages　‎ 解析：考查名词的单复数。village为可数名词，one of＋可数名词的复数，故填villages。‎ ‎7．what　‎ 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：你想象得到江西有什么荣誉吗？根据句意可知应用what。‎ ‎8．powerful　‎ 解析：考查词性转换。修饰名词force应用形容词形式。‎ ‎9．is　‎ 解析：考查主谓一致。句意：这片拥有高山和茂密森林的土地是中国革命的摇篮。根据主语land可知此处填is。‎ ‎10．that/which　‎ 解析：考查定语从句。先行词为dimension，关系词在限制性定语从句中作主语，故用that/which。‎ Ⅴ.短文改错 I had always gotten along well with my parents.Unlucky，we started to argue about what majors I should choose at university one year ago.Our arguments are getting even bad now because the time to complete the application forms and apply to universities are drawing near.I want to study computer software programming，so my parents suggest that I must become a doctor.All my parents are doctors，and they see it as carry on a family tradition.I had never wanted to be doctor and I hate every minute of it.How can I handle this situation?‎ 答案