高考英语二轮复习形容词与副词学案 8页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 山东省高密市教科院 2013 届高三高考二轮复习英语《形容词 与副词》学案 形容词和副词在高考中的考查重点： 1. 形容词、副词的作用与位置； ① 多个形容词作定语排列的顺序 ② enough 作修饰成分时的位置问题及形容词作后置定语 ③ 形容词作伴随状语和原因状语 2. 表语形容词的特点及连系动词+形容词作表语； 3. 形容词、副词比较等级的用法； ①原级的用法②比较级的用法③最高级的用法 ④形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况 ⑤由 as/so 组成的形容词或副词短语 ⑥more /less than 及其相关结构 4. 容易混淆的形容词、副词的区别。 高考例题 【2012 湖南】24. Bicycling is good exercise; ____, it does not pollute the air. A. nevertheless B. besides C. otherwise D. therefore 【答案】B 【考点】本题考察副词含义辨析。 【解析】根据句意：“骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式，而且又不会造成大气污染” 故选 B（besides 而且，加之，除此以外）。词汇 副词 besides 【2012 辽宁卷】22. We used to see each other , but I haven’t head from him since last year. A. especially B. regularly C. particularly D. approximately 【考点】副词词义辨析 【答案】B 【解析】A 项意为“尤其；特别”；B 项意为“定期地，经常地”；C 项意为“特 别，尤其”；D 项意为“近似地，大约”。根据句意“我们原来经常见面，但从去 年我就没再收到过他的信”。 【2012 四川卷】7. The hotel is almost finished, but it _____ needs one or two weeks to get ready for guests. A. only B. also C. even D. still 【答案】 D 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 【考点】本题考查副词用法 【解析】根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了，但仍还要一两周才可以接待客人。” 选 still（仍然，还）。 【2012 北京卷】28. Many people have donated that type of blood; however, the blood bank needs _____. A. some B. less C. much D. more 【答案】D 【考点】形容词考点。比较级，根据句意即刻判断。 合成形容词 合成形容词指由几个词共同组成并起到形容词作用的词。主要作定语，一般不作表 语。 (1) 数词+ 名词+形容词 a ten-metre-wide river 一条十米宽的河 a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩 (2) 形容词（或数词）+名词+-ed a middle-aged man 一位中年男子 a fifteen-storeyed building 一座十五层的大楼 (3) 形容词+V-ing 形式 a good-looking man 一位英俊的男子 an easy-going woman 一位随和的女子 (4) 名词+V-ed 形式 a man-made lake 人工湖 a snow-covered mountain 一座被雪覆盖的山 (5) 副词/形容词+ V-ed 形式 a well-known writer 一位著名的作家 a new-born baby 一个新生儿 形容词在句中的作用： (1) 作定语 作定语时形容词一般放在所修饰词的前面，如果有几个形容词，常按下列顺序排列： 限定词+序数词、基数词+性质、状态+大小、长短、高低+形状+新旧+颜色+产地、 国籍+质地、材料+用途+名词 a few big round new black French wooden tables 几张新的大面圆的法国黒木桌子 the last few unforgettable sunny days 令人难忘的最后几个阳光明媚的日子 (2) 作表语 作表语的形容词位置比较固定，都在系动词之后： He is very devoted to his wife. Her face remained expressionless. 但在表语和动词之间有时可插进别的词： She remained comparatively calm. I feel a little tired. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 大多数形容词可作定语和表语，但有些形容词通常只作表语，如：afraid, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep, aware, content, due, fond, glad, ill, likely, ready, sorry, sure, unable, unlikely, well 等 (3) 作宾语补足语 Who left the door open? Martin found the work slightly dull. (4) 作状语 She came over, eager to help. He arrived home, hungry and tired. (5) 有时可作同位语和独立成分 The current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 副词在句中的作用： 1. 作状语 It snowed heavily last January. (修饰动词) Emily greeted me warmly. (修饰动词) He agreed to come over right away. (修饰非谓语动词) She is terribly clever. (修饰形容词)You’re driving too fast. (修饰副词) Sure I’ll help you. (修饰整个句子) 2. 作表语：大部分与介词同形的副词可用作表语 Mary was down with a slight fever. We are behind in our plan. I must be off now. 还有一些表示位置的副词常用作表语 When will you be back? I’ll only be away a few minutes. Is anyone downstairs yet? Denny was s till abroad. 3. 副词的其他用法 (1) 副词可用作定语 I hope you’ll enjoy your stay here. The then headmaster ordered these books. (2) 副词还可用作宾语补语，构成复合宾语 I saw you out with your sister last Sunday. I’m pleased to see you back. (3) 副词用于构成动词短语 The flowers gave off a sweet fragrance. They decided to put the meeting off. 意思有别的同根副词： close 接近地 closely 仔细地，密切地 free 免费地 freely 自由地，无拘无束地 hard 努力地 hardly 几乎不 late 晚，迟 lately 近来 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 most 最，极其 mostly 主要地 high 高 highly 高度地，非常地 deep 深，迟 deeply 深深地 loud 大声地 loudly 大声地(含喧闹之意) near 邻近 nearly 几乎 形容词副词比较级 1. 表示 A 超过 B： A+谓语+adj./adv.比较级+than +B My room is smaller than yours. Dave drives faster than anyone I know. 2. 表示 A 不如 B： 1) A+谓语的否定式+adj./adv.比较级+than+B 2) A+谓语+less+adj./adv.+than+B 3) A+谓语的否定+so(as)+adj./adv.+as+B This book isn’t bigger than that one. This star is less beautiful than that one. This room is not as/so big as that one. (3)表示 A 和 B 是同等程度 A+谓语+as+adj./adv.+as+B Diana sings as sweetly as her sister. She can run as fast as 20 miles an hour. (4) 越……,越…… the +比较级, the+比较级 越来越…… 比较级+and+比较级 The faster I type, the more mistakes I make. He played it better and better. (5) 两者中较……的一个 the +比较级(+of+the+two+名词) This ample is the bigger of the two. 形容词比较级的修饰语 可在形容词的比较级前加 a lot, a good deal, much, many, far, a bit, a little, slightly 等 His illness is far more serious than we thought. You look a bit happier now. 也可在比较级前加 any, no, some, even, still 等 Do you feel any better today? Their house is no bigger than ours. 还可在比较级前加表示数量的词 My sister is half a head taller than me. It was one-third cheaper than the market price. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 形容词最高级 主要表示“最”，修饰名词，常有一短语与表示比较的范围，前面一般加定冠词 the；副词最高级修饰动词，前面都不加 the。 This is the best room in the hotel. He was the most dangerous criminal in the country. The poor people living in towns suffered worst. 注：在形容词最高级单独用作表语时，定冠词 the 常可省略： I think David’s plan is best. East, west, home’s best. 无比较等级的形容词和副词： (1) 表示比较、特殊意义的 comparative (ly), relative (ly), particular (ly), special (ly), favorite 等。 (2) 表示绝对意义的 absolute (ly), entire (ly), excellent (ly), total (ly), thorough (ly), whole (wholly)等。 (3) 表示大小、极限、主观、上下等意义的 extreme (ly), main, major, minor, senior, junior, chief (ly)等 (4) 表示性质特征的 economic, scientific, wooden, earthen, golden 等。 (5) 表示独一无二的、形状的、强调的 only, matchless, round, square, very, own, simply, hardly, scarcely 等。 典型例题 1. The form cannot be signed by anyone ____ yourself. (2011 全国 I) A. rather than B. other than C. more than D. better than 【解析】句意为“这张表格只能由你本人签字。”rather than 而不；other than 除了，相当于 but 和 except；more than 不仅仅；better than 比…多、好。选 B。 2. You’d be exposed to a lot _____ pollution if you moved to a town with pure water and air. (2011 上海春招) A. more B. most C. less D. least 【解析】句意为“如果你们搬到空气清新、水质纯净的小镇去，你们受到的污染将 会少得多。”空格前的 a lot 修饰比较级 more 或 less，根据后面的语意，选 C。 3. In that school, English is compulsory for all students, but French and Russian are _______. (2011 江苏) A. special B．regional C. optional D．original 【解析】句意为“在那所学校，英语是学生的必修课，而法语和俄语是选修 课。”special 特别的，特意的；regional 地区的，地方的；optional 可选择的； original 原始的，最初的。句中由 but 进行转折，由此可知法语和俄语不是必修 课而是可以选修，所以正确答案为 C。 7. — How are your recent trip to Sichuan? — I’ve never had ___ one before. (2011 四川) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 A. a pleasant B. a more pleasant C. a most pleasant D. the most pleasant 【解析】句意为“——最近你到四川的旅行怎么样？——从来没有这么愉快过。” 否定词 never 与 a more pleasant 连用，表示“非常愉快”，等于最高级。the most pleasant 是特指，需要有比较的范围，但是这个范 围并不存在。因此选 B。 8. The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be ____ the present one. (2011 陕西) A. as three times big as B. three times as big as C. as big as three times D. as big three times as 【解析】句意为“为下一届亚运会而修建的体育馆将会是目前的体育馆三倍大小。” 表示倍数的词做修饰语时，放在 as 的前面， 即“倍数 + as + adj + as”， 因此选 B。 11. — The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. — Why? It’s ____ than the films I have ever seen. (2011 江西) A. far more interesting B. much less interesting C. no more interesting D. any less interesting 【解析】句意为“——我得说，这部电影一点都不令人感兴趣。——什么？这可比 我看过的电影有趣得多了。”程度副词可修饰形容词比较级，放于比较级前。根据 应答者用“Why?”进行的反问，选 A。 巩固练习 1. —Volunteering is becoming ___ popular in China. (2010 福建) —Yeah, people are now aware that helping others is helping themselves. A. naturally B. successfully C. splendidly D. increasingly 2. It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was _____ journey. (2010 上海) A. three hour B. a three-hours C. a three-hour D. three hours 3. Father ______ goes to the gym with us although he dislikes going there. (2010 湖南) A. hardly B. seldom C. sometimes D. never 4. Computers and mobile phones, though they are indeed making our life ___ and more ___, have reduced the need for face-to-face communications. (2010 江西) A easily; efficient B easier; efficient C easy; efficiently D easily; efficiently 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 5. Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have ___ schedules to make it easier to care for their children. (2010 山东) A. heavy B. smooth C. flexible D. complex 6. People have always been ____ about exactly how life on earth began. (2010 天津) A. curious B. excited C. anxious D. careful 7. The school was moved out of downtown as the number of students had grown too . (2010 四川) A. small B. few C. 1arge D. many 8. Studies show that people are more ____ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before comp uter screens for long hours. (2010 陕 西) A. likely B. possible C. probable D. sure 9. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been____. (2010 全国) A. popular B. more popular C. most popular D. the most popular 10. I wasn’t blaming anyone; I ____ said errors like this could be avoided. (2010 湖北) A. merely B. mostly C. rarely D. nearly 11. — What about my answer, sir? — Sorry, it’s _____ wrong. A. very B. fairly C. rather D. quite 12. Although the country has had political independence for over a century, _____ it still needs the support of its neighbors. A. naturally B. economically C. especially D. luckily 13. — I was walking along the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down. — You can never be _____ in the street. A. careful enough B. enough careful C. very carefully D. too carefully 14. I prefer to take buses after 10 o’clock; they are ____ crowded. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 A. more B. less C. most D. least 15. Quantities of precious jewelry _____ buried _____ in the earth. A. was found; deeply B. were found; deeply C. was found; deep D. were found; deep 16. To all the famous artist’s surprise, the unknown woman’s two _____ paintings are also on show in the art exhibition. A. little blue oil B. blue little oil C. oil blue little D. little oil blue 17. Joe, studying abroad, was _____ to see his friend off at the airport. A. a little more than sad B. sad more than a little C. more than a little sad D. a little more sad than 18. On Christmas Eve, it is the children who feel ___ desire to fall asleep because they want to see Santa Claus with their own eyes. A. the most B. more C. worse D. the least 19. ___ anxious and ___ relaxed the learner, ____ their language acquisition. A. The less; much; the better B. Less; more; better C. The more; less; the worse D. More; less; worse 20. I’d like to see you whenever it is ____. A. beautiful B. comfortable C. convenient D. acceptable