高中英语必修2 - Unit 4单元训练及解析 8页

Unit 4 ‎ ‎(时间：40分钟　满分：45分)‎ Ⅰ.单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1．I will be away for at least a year；I would appreciate________from you now and then，________me how everyone is getting along.‎ A．hearing；tell B．to hear；tell C．hearing；telling D．to hear；to tell 答案　C　[考查动词的非谓语形式。appreciate后接动名词作宾语；第二空为现在分词形式作状语。句意：我要离开至少一年的时间，时不时收到你的信告诉我大家的现状，我会很高兴的。]‎ ‎2．This special school accepts all disabled students，________educational level and background.‎ A．according to B．regardless of C．in addition to D．in terms of 答案　B　[考查介词短语的辨析。according to根据；regardless of 不管；不顾；in addition to除……之外；in terms of 就……而言。句意：这家特校接受所有残疾的学生，不管他们的教育水平和背景。 ]‎ ‎3．Steps must be taken________this kind of disaster will never happen again.(2012·山东诸城市高三月考)‎ A．because B．even if C．so that D．as 答案　C　[考查状语从句的连接词。so that 以便于；为了，引导目的状语从句，复合句意及句子结构，故C项正确。句意：必须采取措施以避免这种灾难不再发生。because因为，引导原因状语从句；even if 即使，引导条件状语从句；as因为；由于，引导原因状语从句。]‎ ‎4．—Why don't we choose that road to save time? ‎ ‎—The bridge to it________.‎ A．has repaired B．is repaired C．is being repaired D．will be repaired 答案　C　[考查动词时态及语态。由语境可知，桥还在修理中，故用进行时的被动形式。句意：——我们为什么不走那条路以节约时间呢？——通往那条路的桥还在修理中。]‎ ‎5．In the last few years thousands of films________all over the world.‎ A．have produced B．have been produced ‎ C．are producing D．are being produced 答案　B　[考查动词时态及语态。由时间状语in the last few 8‎ ‎ years可知，空格处应用现在完成时，且films 与produce 之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用完成时的被动形式。句意：在过去的几年里，全世界共制作了数千部电影。]‎ ‎6．The conference has been held to discuss the________of the Japan's nuclear radiation on people's lives in this area.‎ A．effects B．concern C．protection D．attitudes 答案　A　[考查名词词义辨析。effect 影响；结果；concern关心；担心；protection保护；attitude态度。the effect on sth 对……的影响。句意：举行了一次会议来讨论日本的核辐射对这一地区人们的生活的影响。]‎ ‎7．Many wild animals________，so we must take measures to protect them.(2012·山东实验中学高三模拟)‎ A．are dying out B．have died out C．died out D．die out 答案　A　[考查动词的时态。die out灭绝。由so we must take measures to protect them可知A项正确。句意：许多野生动物正在灭绝，因此，我们必须采取措施来保护它们。]‎ ‎8．According to the record reports, one of the rare animals，________crocodile is in________danger of dying out.‎ A．a; the B．/ ；as C．/ ; the D．the ; /‎ 答案　D　[考查语境中冠词的用法。可数名词单数前可以加a/an /the来表达泛指概念；in danger of 有……的危险，为短语搭配形式，danger前不加冠词，故D项正确。句意：根据调查报告显示，鳄鱼正面临灭绝的危险。]‎ ‎9．Many developing countries are unwilling to pursue their economic development________destroying the environment despite there being several financial crises. (2012·江苏淮安高三调研)‎ A．at the risk of B．at the cost of C．at the end of D．at the mercy of 答案　B　[考查介词短语的辨析。at the risk of 冒着……的危险；at the cost of 以……为代价；at the end of在……的末端/尽头；at the mercy of听凭……的处置。句意：尽管存在金融危机，但许多发展中国家并不愿意以破坏环境为代价来追求经济的发展。]‎ ‎10．Good dietary sources of calcium should________leafy green vegetables, fish，yogurt, tofu and breakfast cereals(谷类食物)．‎ A．contain B．possess C．share D．include 答案　D　[‎ 8‎ 考查动词词义辨析。contain包含，强调宾语是主语的组成部分；possess拥有；share 分享；include包含；包括……在内。由语境可知D项正确。句意：良好的饮食结构中钙的来源主要包括绿叶蔬菜、鱼、酸奶、豆腐及适合早餐的谷类食物。]‎ ‎11．—What is that noise?‎ ‎—Oh, I forgot to tell you that the new machine________.(2012·安徽百校论坛高三联考)‎ A．was tested B．will be tested C．has been tested D．is being tested 答案　D　[考查动词的时态及语态。由What is that noise？可知某一动作正在进行，故D项正确。句意：——什么声？——噢，我忘记告诉你了，那台新机器正在检测。]‎ ‎12．________moment he saw Zhao Benshan's funny performances, he burst into________ laughter.(2012·浙江学军中学高三模拟)‎ A．A；/ B．A；the C．The；/ D．The; a 答案　C　[考查语境中冠词的用法。the moment＋句子，表示“一……就……”；burst into laughter 突然大笑起来。句意：他一看到赵本山滑稽的表演就大笑起来。]‎ ‎13．Always remember that your own decision________is more important than anything else.‎ A．to succeed B．succeeding C．having succeeded D．succeeded 答案　A　[考查动词的非谓语形式作后置定语。不定式作定语表示该动作还没有发生；现在分词作定语表示该动作正在进行；过去分词作定语则表示动作的完成。由语境可知A项正确。句意：永远牢记你要成功的决定比其它任何东西都重要。]‎ ‎14．It was not what he said but________he said it that made me surprised.‎ A．the way B．in the way that C．in the way D．the way which 答案　A　[考查名词way 的用法。the way 表示“……的方式”且后接定语从句时从句的引导词有三种形式，即：in which，that 或什么也不加，由此可知A 项正确。句意：使我吃惊的不是他说的话而是他说话的方式。]‎ ‎15．________in volunteering work，the couple lead a busy and rich life they retired.‎ A．Employing B．Employed C．To employ D．Being employed 答案　B　[考查动词的非谓语形式做状语。be employed in doing sth 忙于干某事，作状语时去掉be动词。句意：由于忙于做志愿工作，那对夫妇退休后过着忙碌而充实的生活。]‎ Ⅱ.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分)‎ You have waited 45 minutes for the valuable 10 minutes' break between classes.But when the bell for the next class rings，you can't __16__ how quickly time has passed.‎ 8‎ If you are familiar with this __17__，you'll know how time flies when you are having fun and __18__ when you are bored.Now scientists have __19__ a reason why this is the case.‎ Scans have shown that patterns of activity in the brain __20__ according to how we focus on a task.When we are __21__，we concentrate more on how time is passing.And this makes us __22__ the clock is ticking more slowly.‎ In an experiment __23__ by a French laboratory,12 volunteers watched an image __24__ researchers monitored their brain activity.‎ The volunteers were told to __25__ concentrate on how long an image appeared，then __26__ the color of the image，and third，study both the duration and the color.The results showed that the __27__ was more active when the volunteers paid attention to __28__ subjects.‎ It is thought that if the brain is __29__ focusing on many aspects of a task，it has to __30__ its resources，and pays less attention to the clock.__31__，time really passes without us __32__ it，and seems to go quickly.If the brain is not so active，it concentrates its __33__ energies on monitoring the passing of time.__34__，time seems to drag.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Next time you feel bored __35__，perhaps you should pay more attention to what the teacher is saying!‎ ‎【解题导语】 本文讲述了为什么有时我们感觉一节课时间过得很快，有时过得很慢，这主要是因为人的大脑对于一个任务的专注程度不同。当大脑专注于一个任务的多个方面时，它的精力就会被分散，因而就转移了对时间的注意。‎ ‎16．A.guess B．learn C．believe D．doubt 答案　C　[考查语境与动词的辨析。课间十分钟玩得很开心，时间在不知不觉中就过去了。此处用can't believe表示对这段时间飞快流逝的惊讶与感叹。]‎ ‎17．A.view B．point C．scene D．experience 答案　C　[考查语境与名词的辨析。上文提到的是一种特定的心理场面，而不是人所经历的某一件具体的事情，故此处表示如果你对这个场景熟悉的话。scene意为“情景，场面”。]‎ ‎18．A.drags B．stops C．backs D．gains 答案　A　[考查上下文的语境。根据文中倒数第二段的解释可得知答案。也可从此处与前面相同的结构推出答案。drag“过得很慢，拖沓地进行”。]‎ ‎19．A.thought over B．made up C．came out D．come up with 答案　D　[考查动词短语的辨析。think over意为“仔细考虑”；make up意为“组成”；come out意为“出现，露出”；come up with意为“找到，提出”。科学家是以实验为基础进行研究而给出的一种解释。]‎ ‎20．A.change B．develop C．grow D．slow 答案　A　[‎ 8‎ 考查上下文的语境。联系下文的实验可知，当人的大脑集中于一个任务的多个方面时，就变得比较活跃，反之，则变得不那么活跃。所以当大脑所注意的任务不同时，大脑的活动状态是不一样的。故A项符合题意。]‎ ‎21．A.sleepy B．bored C．excited D．active 答案　B　[考查上下文的语境。联系上下文可知，人在比较厌烦或感到无事可做的时候，才感觉时间过得很慢。]‎ ‎22．A.report B．think C．decide D．see 答案　B　[考查生活常识。时间过得很慢只是人的主观感受。]‎ ‎23．A.produced B．carried C．tried D．performed 答案　D　[考查语境与动词搭配。空白处所缺的词作定语，应与前面的experiment构成动宾关系，结合下文进行的实验可知，只有D项符合。B项若为carried out也是正确答案。]‎ ‎24．A.so B．when C．while D．but 答案　C　[考查语境与逻辑关系，此处用while强调在实验过程中，被实验者与研究人员的任务对比关系。]‎ ‎25．A.partly B．quickly C．slowly D．first 答案　D　[考查上下文的语境。根据后面的“then...third”可得知答案。]‎ ‎26．A.remember B．focus on C．forget D．tell apart 答案　B　[考查上下文的语境。根据下文第29空后的解释可知，实验的目的是让大脑不停地专注于一个任务的多个方面。]‎ ‎27．A.researchers B．experiment C．clock D．brain 答案　D　[考查语境。此处指被研究人员的大脑思维比较活跃。]‎ ‎28．A.much B．many C．less D．more 答案　D　[考查上下文的语境。结合上文的实验可知，研究人员是让实验者的大脑专注于一个任务的多个方面。由上文中的“brain was more active”中的more可知，答案为D。]‎ ‎29．A.busy B．likely C．ready D．sure 答案　A　[考查语境与固定短语搭配。be busy doing...意为“忙于……”，为固定搭配；be likely to do...意为“可能做……”；be ready to。]‎ ‎30．A.focus B．gather C．reach D．spread 答案　D　[考查上下文的语境。联系上下文可知，当大脑专注于一个任务的多个方面时，它的精力就会被分散，因而就转移了对时间的注意。spread意为“使分散，使分布”，符合题意。]‎ ‎31．A.However B．Furthermore C．Therefore D．Finally 8‎ 答案　C　[考查语境。此处是上述实验所得出的一个结论。]‎ ‎32．A.recognizing B．watching C．noticing D．counting 答案　C　[考查上下文的语境。根据此处的语境可知，此处是指不管我们有没有注意时间，时间都在流逝。]‎ ‎33．A.enough B．full C．right D．proper 答案　B　[考查语境与形容词的辨析。right和proper意为“正确的，恰当的”，同义，可排除；enough意为“足够的”，上下文没有相应的语境，可排除；full意为“最大量的，尽量多的”，符合语境。如果大脑不太活跃的话，就会把大量的精力集中在计算时间的流逝上。]‎ ‎34．A.In fact B．As a result C．For example D．Instead of 答案　B　[考查上下文的语境。本句是根据前面的分析得出的结论。]‎ ‎35．A.in class B．with work C．in mind D．of lessons 答案　A　[考查上下文的语境。本句与文章第一段相对应，是对第一段在课堂上出现的问题的一种解决方法。另外，根据文章最后一句也可得出答案。]‎ Ⅲ.阅读理解(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)‎ A recent study of ancient and modern elephant has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的 )species.‎ The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard University when they were examing the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth and mastodon modern elephants—the Asian elephant, African forest elephant, and African savanna elephant.‎ Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons, the team compated them with DNA from modern elephants. They found their amazement that modern forest and savanna elephants are as distinct from each other as Asian elephants and mammoths.‎ The scientists used detailed genetic analysis to prove that the African savanna elephant and the African forest elephant have been distinct species for several million years. The_divergence of the two species took place around the time of the divergence of Asian elephants and woolly mammoths. This result amazed all the scientists.‎ There has long been debate in the scientific community that the two might be separate species, but this is the most convincing scientific evidence so far that they are indeed different species.‎ Previously, many naturalists believed that African savanna elephants and African forest elephants were two populations of the same species, despite the elephants' significant size differences. The savanna elephant has an average shoulder height of 3.5 metres while the forest elephant has an average shoulder double the weight of the forest elephant. But the fact that they look so different does not necessarily mean they are different species. However，the proof lay in the analysis of the 8‎ ‎ DNA.‎ Alfried Roca, assistant professor in the Department of Animal Sciences at the University of Illinois, said, “We now have to treat the forest and savanna elephants as two difficult units for conservation purpose. Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species. Now that we know the forest and savanna elephants have been distinct animals, the forest elephant should become a bigger priority(优先)for conservation purposes.”‎ ‎【解题导语】 本文为说明文。最近的一项研究表明非洲大象被分为两种截然不同的物种。‎ ‎36．One of the fossils studied by the researchers is that of ________.‎ A．the Asian elephant B．the forest elephant C．the savanna elephant D．the mastodon elephant 答案　D　[细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句Once they obtained DNA sequences(序列)from two fossils(化石)，mammoths and mastodons...可知答案为D。]‎ ‎37．The underlined word “divergence” in Paragraph 4 means“________”．‎ A．evolution B．exhibition C．separation D．examination 答案　C　[词义猜测题。前面一句讲到了这两种大象分离成不同的物种已有数百万年了，由此可判断divergence在此是“分离”之意。]‎ ‎38．The researchers' conclusion was based on a study of the African elephant's________.‎ A．DNA B．height C．weight D．population 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句可知研究人员的结论是在检测非洲大象DNA的基础上得出来的。]‎ ‎39．What are Alfred Roca's words mainly about?‎ A．The conservation of African elephant.‎ B．The purpose of studying African elephant.‎ C．The way to divide African elephants into two units.‎ D．The reason for the distinction of African elephants.‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知Alfred Roca的话主要讲的是对不同的非洲大象要分别采取不同的保护措施。]‎ ‎40．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?‎ A．Naturalist' Beliefs about Elephants B．Amazing Experiments about Elephants 8‎ C．An Unexpected Finding about Elephants D．A Long Scientific Debate about Elephants 答案　C　[主旨大意题。根据本文的主题句(第一段)可知选C。]‎ 写作素材集锦 单词 break间歇，休息 句子 It is thought that if the brain is busy focusing on many aspects of a task，it has to spread its resources，and pays less attention to the clock.‎ 据说如果人的大脑总忙于集中在一个任务的多个方面，它就不得不分散它的资源，这样对时间的关注就变少了。 ‎ 8‎