2020届人教版高考英语选修8知识串讲：unit5 6页

人教版选修八-unit 5‎ ‎【基础词汇】‎ ‎1.alternative n. 可能的选择　adj. 供选择的;其他的 ‎2.archaeologist n. 考古学家(<美>archeologist)‎ ‎3.tentative adj. 试探性的;不确定的 ‎4.mat n.席子;垫子 ‎5.quilt n.被子;棉被 ‎6.primitive adj. 原始的;远古的;简陋的 ‎7.seashell n. 海贝壳 ‎8.category n. 种类;类别;范畴 ‎9.scratch n. (刮、抓、划的)痕迹;搔;挠　vt. 搔;抓;擦伤;刮坏 ‎10.skateboard n. 滑板 ‎11.radioactive adj. 放射性的;有辐射能的 ‎12.pulse vi. 强烈而有规律地跳动;搏动　n. 脉搏;节拍 ‎13.spear n. 矛;枪 ‎14.dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的;眩晕的;使人发晕或困惑的 ‎15.punctuation n. 标点符号 ‎【高频词汇】‎ ‎1.interrupt vt.& vi.打断……讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止 ‎2.acute adj.有观察力的;敏锐的;严重的;深刻的 ‎3.beast n.野兽 ‎4.centimetre n.厘米 ‎5.ample adj.足够的;充足的;富裕的 ‎6.analysis n.分析 ‎7.ripen vt.& vi.使……成熟;成熟 ‎8.somehow adv.以……方式;不知怎么地 ‎9.spit vt.吐出(唾液、食物等)　vi.吐痰 ‎10.delete vt.删;删除 ‎11.album n.相册;集邮册;唱片 ‎12.academy n.学院;学会;学术团体;院校 ‎13.receptionist n.接待员;招待员 ‎14.onion n.洋葱 ‎15.kindergarten n.幼儿园 ‎16.yogurt n.酸乳酪;酸奶 ‎17.melon n.(各种)瓜 ‎18.wrinkle n.皱纹 ‎19.applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎;赞赏 ‎20.howl vt.& vi.嗥叫;叫喊;吼叫　n.长嚎;嗥叫 ‎21.arrest vt.逮捕;吸引　n.逮捕;拘留 ‎22.hammer n.铁锤;锤子 ‎【核心词汇】‎ ‎1.interrupt　vi.&vt.打断……讲话;打岔;暂时中断或中止→interruption n.中断;打扰 ‎ ‎2.starve v.挨饿;饿死→starvation n.挨饿;饿死 ‎3.accurate adj.精确的;准确的→accuracy n.精确;准确 ‎4.assume vt.假定;设想→assumption n.假定;设想 ‎5.sharpen vi.& vt.(使)锋利;尖锐;清晰→sharpener n.磨具;削具 ‎6.mess n.混乱;困境→messy adj.凌乱的;脏的 ‎7.significance　 n.意义;意思;重要性;重要意义→significant　 adj.有重大意义的;显著的 ‎ ‎8.system n.系统;体系→systematic adj.有系统的;有计划的;有条理的 ‎9.divide v.分割;划分;分配→division n.分割;划分;分配;分界线 ‎10.accelerate vi.&vt.加速;促进→acceleration n.加速;促进 ‎11.gay adj.快乐的;欢快的→gaily adv.快乐地;轻松地 ‎12.skill n.技术;技巧→skilful adj.有技巧的;熟练的 ‎【词汇拓展】‎ ‎1.-en构成的动词集锦 ripe→ripen v.变成熟 strong→strengthen v.加强 fright→frighten v.(使)惊吓 dark→darken v.使变暗 loose→loosen v.(使)变松 sharp→sharpen v.使锋利 ‎2.动词-ing/过去分词用作介词或连词小结 assuming 假设;假定 including 包含;包括 supposing 假设;假如 provided/providing 假设;如果 considering 鉴于;考虑到 concerning 关于 given 鉴于;考虑到 ‎3.“除了做……别无选择”的多种表达 have no choice but to do sth.‎ have no alternative but to do sth.‎ can do nothing but do sth.‎ can’t do sth.but do sth.‎ ‎4.巩固somehow相关单词 somehow adv.以……方式;不知怎么地;不知为什么 somewhat adv.有点儿;有几分;颇为 anyhow adv.无论如何 anyway adv.无论如何;不管怎样 ‎5.复习-cy后缀高频名词 accuracy 准确性 emergency 紧急情况 frequency 频率 tendency 趋势 agency 代理机构 currency 货币;通货 mercy 仁慈;宽恕;怜悯 efficiency 效率;功效 ‎6.复习含有词根“-rupt”的单词 interrupt“打搅”是在中间(inter)破 erupt火山“爆发”向外(e)破 corrupt “腐败”是共同(co)破 bankrupt银行(bank)打破是“破产”‎ abrupt “唐突”把气氛打破 ‎【短语】‎ ‎1.regardless of 不管;不顾 ‎2.fed up with 受够了;饱受;厌烦 ‎1.切碎 cut up ‎2.向前看;为将来打算 look ahead ‎3.追溯到 date back (to...)‎ ‎4.至多;最多 at most ‎【短语拓展】‎ ‎1.“不管;不顾”词汇集锦 in spite of 尽管;不管 regardless of 不管;不顾 ‎2.at most联想篇 at most 至多　at least 至少 not in the least 一点也不 last but not least 最后但同等重要的是 least of all 最不;尤其不 ‎【句式】‎ ‎1.If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!‎ 要是她早有预见能为今年做更好的打算该多好啊!‎ 考点提炼“If only+句子”是一个固定句型,表示一种愿望,意为“要是……就好了,但愿……”。‎ ‎2.She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.‎ 快到达目的地的时候,一阵香气扑鼻,她停下来,不往前走了。‎ 考点提炼句中“had done...when...”是一个常用句型,意为“(刚)做完了……就在那时……”。‎ ‎【仿写句子】‎ ‎1.如果我当年努力学习就好了!‎ If only I had studied hard!‎ ‎2.他刚到办公室电话铃就响了。‎ He had almost arrived at the office when the telephone rang.‎ ‎【语篇填空】‎ ‎　　A group of 1.students(student)from England have come to the Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.2.An archaeologist is showing them around.The archaeologists have been digging here for many years.After 3.finding(find)human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects,they think 4.it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless 5.of the cold.They discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves 6.where they made fires.Some evidence 7.suggests(suggest)that our ancestors did wear clothes 8.made(make)from animal skins.The archaeologist also shows the students a primitive necklace preserved quite well.Indeed,as the botanical analysis has been 9.specially(special)showing us,all ‎ the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.Perhaps there 10.was(be)trade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside on their journeys.‎