上海市黄浦区2021届高考一模英语试题 Word版含解析 27页

II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Consider the Mechanical Pencil If you used to collect small objects. I'm sure (if you were anything like my younger self) that you used to collect mechanical pencils. In one of the math preparatory classes I _____1_____ (go) to in elementary and middle school, we used to receive mechanical pencils as prizes for doing well on the in-class exams or answering questions in class. This was _____2_____ I built up my collection of Cadoozles, which are short mechanical pencils decorated with brightly colored spaceships and ice cream bars. But I've long since used up all my Cadoozles and a majority of the mechanical pencils that I _____3_____ (hide) in an empty moon-cake tin so many years before, which makes me reflect fondly back on those old days, when receiving a mechanical pencil was as easy as drinking a glass of water. Mechanical pencils are not only more convenient than your traditional Ticonderoga in the sense that they never need _____4_____ (sharpen); they also produce thinner, cleaner lines, which is extremely important for drawers and drafters. Furthermore, they are environmentally friendly, since you don't have to buy _____5_____ wooden pencil whenever you run out of lead（铅芯）. You can simply refill your mechanical pencil. There is only one slight negative I must remark on, _____6_____ is that as someone who calls mechanical pencils "lead pencil" in casual conversation, the term "lead pencil" is confusing. Mechanical pencil lead is actually not made from the chemical element lead. It is made from a mixture of graphite and clay, which _____7_____ not give you lead poisoning. This is contrary to what my third-grade teacher said when she saw my classmate John clicking his mechanical pencil against his index finger out of boredom: "John, stop that! You're going to get lead poisoning!" I think all the third-graders (and teachers) in the world would feel much _____8_____ (safe) if they knew what really made up the pencils they use every day. It used to be so easy to grab a mechanical pencil whenever I needed one, but _____9_____ the moon-cake tin has become increasingly lighter, I have learned to appreciate my writing instruments more. Perhaps I should have collected a few more Cadoozles when I was younger; perhaps I should have appreciated the feeling of holding up the moon-cake tin when it was three-quarters full, hoping that there would always be a new pencil for me ______10______ (use) tomorrow. 【答案】1. went 2. how/when 3. had hidden 4. sharpening/to be sharpened 5. another/a 6. which 7. can 8. safer 9. now that/in that 10. to use 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者收集机械铅笔的经历。 【1 题详解】 考查时态。句意：在我上小学和中学时参加的一个数学预科班里，我们曾经因为在课堂考试 中表现出色或者在课堂上回答问题而获得自动铅笔作为奖励。分析句子可知，此处为定语从 句谓语动词，文章讲述的是过去的经历，结合后文 used to，可知句子为一般过去时，故定 语从句中谓语应用过去式。故填 went。 【2 题详解】 考查名词性从句引导词。句意：我就是这样（或这时候）建立起我的卡多兹系列的，这些系 列都是用色彩鲜艳的宇宙飞船和冰淇淋棒装饰的短型自动铅笔。分析句子可知，空格处引导 表语从句，从句中成分完整，缺少状语，根据句意可以用方式状语 how 或时间状语 when 来 引导。故填 how/when。 【3 题详解】 考查时态。句意：但我已经用完了我所有的卡多兹笔和多年前藏在一个空的月饼罐里的大部 分机械铅笔，这让我深情地回想起过去的日子，那时得到一支自动铅笔就像喝一杯水一样容 易。分析句子可知，此处是定语从句的谓语动词，根据时间状语 so many years before 以及句 意可知，此处动词“藏”在“用”之前，表达“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时，结构为 had+过去分词。故填 had hidden。 【4 题详解】 考查非谓语动词动名词或不定式的被动。句意：机械铅笔不仅比传统的提康德罗加铅笔更方 便，因为它们从不需要削尖; 而且它们还能产生更薄、更清晰的线条，这对画画的人和绘图 员来说极为重要。need doing /need to be done“需要（被）做某事”，此时主语与 do 之间为被 动关系。故填 sharpening/to be sharpened。 【5 题详解】 考查冠词或限定词。句意：此外，他们是环境友好的，因为当你用完铅，你不必（再）买一 支木制铅笔。根据空格后可数名词单数 wooden pencil，再结合句意，可知前面需要不定冠 词或限定形容词 another 修饰，wooden 是辅音音素开头的单词，应用冠词 a。故填 a/another。 【6 题详解】 考查定语从句引导词。句意：我必须指出的是，只有一点轻微的负面影响，那就是在日常对 话中把机械铅笔称为“铅笔”的人，“铅笔”这个词是令人困惑的。分析句子可知，空格处 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 one slight negative，从句中缺少主语，所以应填关系代词 which。故填 which。 【7 题详解】 考查情态动词。句意：它是由石墨和粘土的混合物制成的，不会导致铅中毒。根据句意可知， 此处是情态动词表推测的用法，否定句中应用 can，can not“不可能，不会”。故填 can。 【8 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：我认为如果世界上所有的三年级学生(和老师)知道他们每天使用 的铅笔的真正成分，他们会感到更加安全。此处应用形容词作表语，根据句意以及空格前的 much，可知，此处应填形容词的比较级。故填 safer。 【9 题详解】 考查从属连词。句意：过去，每当我需要一支自动铅笔的时候，我都可以轻而易举地拿起它， 但是由于月饼罐变得越来越轻，我学会了更好地欣赏我的书写工具。分析句意可知，the moon-cake tin has become increasingly lighter 和 I have learned to appreciate my writing instruments more 有因果关系，（由于失去，学会了珍惜）。故填 now that/in that。 【10 题详解】 考查动词不定式。句意：也许我应该在年轻的时候多收集一些卡多兹笔；也许我应该感激那 种在月饼盒已经装满了四分之三的时候，把它举起来的感觉，希望明天总会有一支新铅笔给 我用。根据句子结构、句意以及空格后的 tomorrow，可知此处应用动词不定式表将来。故 填 to use。 Section B Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. threatened B. designed C. preferences D. typically E. experimental F. theoretical G. abandoned H. instruments I. constantly J. extensive K. persuasive Science Isn't Always Perfect -- But We Should Still Trust It From environment pollution to climate change, we make decisions every day that involve us in scientific claims. Are genetically modified crops safe to eat? Is climate change an emergency? In recent years, many of these issues have become politically polarized, with people rejecting scientific evidence that is opposite their political ___11___. When Greta Thunberg, the youthful climate activist, was asked by one member why we should trust the science, she replied, "because it's science!" For several decades, there has been a(n) ___12___ and organized campaign intended to produce distrust in science, funded by regulated industries and libertarian think-tanks whose interests and beliefs are ___13___ by the findings of modern science. In response, scientists have tended to stress the success of science. After all, scientists have been right about most things, from the structure of the universe to the relativity of time and space. That answer isn't wrong, but for many people it's not ___14___. After all, just because scientists more than 400 years ago were right about the structure of the solar system doesn't prove that a different group of scientists are right about a different issue today. An alternative answer to the question -- Why trust science? -- is that scientists use "the scientific method." If you've got a high school science textbook lying around the house, you'll probably find that answer in it. But this answer is wrong. But what is ___15___ declared to be the scientific method -- develop a hypothesis（假设）, then design an experiment to test it -- isn't what scientists actually do. Historians of science have shown that scientists use many different methods, and these methods have changed with time. Science ___16___ changes: new methods get invented, old ones get ___17___, and any particular point in time scientists can be found doing many different things. And that's a good thing, because the so-called scientific method doesn't work. False theories can produce true results, so even if an experiment works, it doesn't prove the theory that was ___18___ to test it is true. There also might be many different theories that could produce that same ___19___ result. On the contrary, if the experiment fails, it doesn't prove the theory is wrong: it could be that the experiment was badly conducted or there was a fault in one of the ___20___. 【答案】11. C 12. J 13. A 14. K 15. D 16. I 17. G 18. B 19. E 20. H 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章的主题是：科学并不总是完美的，但我们仍然应该相信它。 【详解】1.考查名词。句意：近年来，许多这样的问题在政治上变得两极分化，人们拒绝接 受与他们的政治偏好相反的科学证据。根据空白处前的“their political”可知，空白处应填名 词。preferences“偏爱”为名词，和前面的“their”呼应，符合句意。故选 C 项。 2.考查形容词。句意：几十年来，一直有一场广泛而有组织的运动，旨在产生对科学的不信 任，这场运动由受到监管的行业和自由意志主义智囊团资助，他们的利益和信仰受到现代科 学发现的威胁。结合后文中“organized campaign ”可知，空白处应填形容词。extensive “广泛 的”修饰 campaign，符合句意。故选 J 项。 3.考查动词。句意：几十年来，一直有一场广泛而有组织的运动，旨在产生对科学的不信任， 这场运动由受到监管的行业和自由意志主义智囊团资助，他们的利益和信仰受到现代科学发 现的威胁。根据空白处后“ by the findings of modern science”，可知，空白处应填被动语态。 threaten“威胁”为动词，其过去分词 threatened 和前面的 are 构成被动语态，符合句意。故选 A 项。 4.考查形容词。句意：这个答案没有错，但是对很多人来说，这个答案没有说服力。结合空 白处前“ it's not”可知，空白处填形容词做表语。persuasive“有说服力的”为形容词，符合句意。 故选 K 项。 5.考查副词。句意：但是通常被宣称为科学方法的东西——提出一个假设，然后设计一个实 验来验证它——并不是科学家们真正在做的。分析句子，结合空白处后“declared”可知，空 白处要填副词修饰动词 declared。typically“典型地”为副词，符合句意。故选 D 项。 6.考查副词。句意：科学在不断变化：新方法被发明，旧方法被抛弃，在任何特定时间点， 科学家都在做许多不同的事情。分析句子，根据空白处后“changes”可知，空白处填入副词 修饰动词 change，constanly“持续地，不断地”，符合句意。故选 I 项。 7.考查形容词。句意：科学在不断变化：新方法被发明，旧方法被抛弃，在任何特定时间点， 科学家都在做许多不同的事情。分析句子，结合本句中“get”，可知此处填入形容词做表语。 abandoned“被抛弃的”，符合句意，故选 G 项。 8.考查动词。句意：错误的理论可以产生真实的结果，所以即使一个实验成功了，它也不能 证明用来检验它的理论是真实的。分析句子可知，空白处应填动词，同时和 was 构成被动 语态。design“设计”为动词，其过去分词 designed 和 was 构成被动语态，同时构成短语：be designed to do“被设计来做......”，符合句意，故选 B 项。 9.考查形容词。句意：也许还有很多不同的理论，可以得出相同的实验结果。结合空白处后 “result”，可知空白处填形容词。和下文中“if the experiment fails”构成呼应，可知空白处应填 experimental，“实验性的”，符合句意。故选 E 项。 10.考查名词。句意：相反，如果实验失败了，也不能证明理论是错误的: 可能是实验进行得 不好，或者某个仪器出了故障。结合空白处前“one of the”可知，空白处填名词的复数，作宾 语。instrument“仪器”，为名词，其复数形式为 instruments，符合句意。故选 H。 III. Reading Comprehensions Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Travelling, at least travelling any considerable distance, means dealing with airports. I've seen my share of airports. They come in several ___21___. The smallest I have been through was in the African town of Hoedspruit where the main waiting area was smaller than many school classrooms, security and ticket checking were both ___22___ by one person who was also controlling the gate onto the airfield and you had to walk out to the plane and climb the stairs to get in. It was even smaller than Canada's Moncton airport where the person taking the tickets was also one of the two ___23___ on our flight. At the other extreme are the ___24___, modern airports in the world's major cities. LAX, in Los Angeles has two parallel runways and provides the unusual opportunity to watch out the window of your landing aircraft as another one lands right beside you. Some, such as Beijing's Capital International Airport, SeaTac in Seattle and the International Airport in San Francisco, like those in Hong Kong and Shanghai, have ___25___ terminals connected by different buses or underground trains. Finding a connecting flight often means changing terminals, which can be a little ___26___. Heathrow airport in London, England, ___27___ that bigger is not always better. Heathrow consists of terminals used by various ___28___ and is centered around an area that contains stores and restaurants. At Heathrow the tired traveller gets the ___29___ that they want you to spend your time in the stores because they won't announce the gate from which your flight will leave until about an hour before flight time. Given that they start to get people onto the planes half an hour before takeoff that leaves just 30 minutes to find and ____30____ your gate, some of which are a 15-minute walk from the store area. There is absolutely no ____31____ for this because the airport authorities know even before the day begins how many flights are arriving and departing and where they plan to put them. If I have just come off one long flight and I'm waiting for another, what I want is a quiet place, not an area ____32____ bright lights and noisy shoppers. Travel, for me, is interesting but when I have to fly, getting there is ____33____ not half the fun. Airplanes are very efficient way to move people long distances and airports are a(n) ____34____ part of the process. Most airport do their best to provide a good travelling experience but they are to be ____35____, not really enjoyed. 21. A. types B. cities C. areas D. sizes 22. A. identified B. handled C. promoted D. processed 23. A. guards B. astronauts C. pilots D. passengers 24. A. tremendous B. crowded C. international D. fashionable 25. A. flexible B. multiple C. available D. irregular 26. A. exciting B. astonishing C. confusing D. encouraging 27. A. regulates B. emphasizes C. encounters D. demonstrates 28. A. functions B. departments C. airlines D. authorities 29. A. recreation B. presentation C. announcement D. impression 30. A. look for B. get to C. meet at D. check out 31. A. exception B. doubt C. apology D. excuse 32. A. filled with B. dominated by C. decorated with D. recognized by 33. A. increasingly B. permanently C. attentively D. definitely 34. A. effective B. optional C. necessary D. suitable 35. A. simplified B. endured C. declared D. paralleled 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 28. C 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. D 34. C 35. B 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。作者主要介绍了在机场的一些体验以及机场一些不尽人意的状况。 【21 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们有几种规模。A. types 类型；B. cities 城市；C. areas 区域； D. sizes 尺寸，大小。根据后文的“The smallest I have been through was in the African town of Hoedspruit”可知，作者见过最小的是非洲 Hoedspruit 小镇的机场，因此应该是讨论机场的 大小（sizes）。故选 D 项。 【22 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我去过的最小的一个小镇是非洲的 Hoedspruit，那里的主等候区 比许多学校的教室都要小，安检和检票都由一个人负责，他也控制着机场的大门，你必须走 到飞机旁，爬楼梯才能进去。A. identified 识别；B. handled 控制；C. promoted 促进，提升； D. processed 加工。根据表示递进的 also 及后面的动词 control 可知，设空处表达的意思应该 跟 control 含义接近，只有 B 选项符合。故选 B 项。 【23 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个机场甚至比加拿大的蒙克顿机场还要小，拿机票的人也是我 们航班上的两名飞行员之一。A. guards 保安；B. astronauts 宇航员；C. pilots 飞行员；D. passengers 乘客。根据常识可知，拿机票的人应是工作人员。这个机场也非常小，飞机上必 不可少的工作人员就是飞行员（pilot）。故选 C 项。 【24 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一个极端是世界主要城市的巨大的现代化机场。A. tremendous 巨大的；B. crowded 拥挤的；C. international 国际的；D. fashionable 时尚的。根据前文的“The smallest I have been through was in the African town of Hoedspruit”可知，前文介绍见过的最 小机场，“最小的”另一个“极端”应该是“巨大的”（tremendous）。故选 A 项。 【25 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些机场，如北京首都国际机场、西雅图的 SeaTac ，旧金山 的国际机场，和香港和上海的机场一样，有多个航站楼，由不同的公交车或地铁连接。A. flexible 灵活的；B. multiple 多个的；C. available 可用的；D. irregular 不规则的。由后文 “connected by different buses or underground trains.” 可 知， 这 些 大型 机 场 应该 由 多个 （multiple）航站楼，才需要不同的公交车或地铁来连接。故选 B 项。 【26 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：找到一个转机航班通常意味着更换航站楼，这可能有点令人困 惑。A. exciting 令人兴奋的；B. astonishing 令人震惊的；C. confusing 令人困惑的；D. encouraging 鼓励的。根据常识以及上文可知，由于机场很大，转机需要更换航站楼是件有 点令人困惑的事情。故选 C 项。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：英国伦敦希思罗机场证明了并不总是越大越好。A. regulates 规 定；B. emphasizes 强调；C. encounters 遇到；D. demonstrates 证实。根据上下文机场太大遇 到的各种麻烦可知，飞机场并不总是越大越好，这是事实。所以此处是“证明了”。故选 D 项。 【28 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：希思罗机场由多家航空公司使用的航站楼组成，并以商店和餐馆 所在的区域为中心。A. functions 作用；B. departments 部门；C. airlines 航空公司；D. authorities 权威。根据常识，机场的航站楼属于航空公司。故选 C 项。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在希思罗机场，疲惫的旅行者会得到这样的印象：他们希望你把 时间花在商店里，因为他们不会告诉你航班将从哪个登机口起飞，直到飞行时间前一个小时。 A. recreation 消遣，娱乐；B. presentation 展现，表演；C. announcement 通知，宣告；D. impression 印 象 。 根 据 后 文 “that they want you to spend your time in the stores because they won't announce the gate from which your flight will leave until about an hour before flight time”可知， 这是旅客的印象，选项如“娱乐；表演，通告”不符合题意。故选 D 项。 【30 题详解】 考查动词词组词义辨析。句意：考虑到他们会在起飞前半小时开始安排乘客登机，而起飞前 30 分钟才能找到并到达登机口，其中一些距离商店区只有 15 分钟的步行距离。A. look for 寻找；B. get to 到达；C. meet at 在…遇见；D. check out 检验，结账离开。根据前文 that leaves just 30 minutes to find and 以及后文 the gate 可知，此处应指“到达”大门。故选 B 项。 【31 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这绝对没有任何借口，因为机场当局甚至在一天开始之前就知道 有多少航班抵达和离开，以及他们计划把它们放在哪里。A. exception 例外；B. doubt 怀疑； C. apology 道歉；D. excuse 借口。根据空格后“because the airport authorities know even before the day begins how many flights are arriving and departing and where they plan to put them.”，可 知，因为当局一开始就知道这些麻烦，所以没有任何推脱的“借口”。故选 D 项。 【32 题详解】 考查动词词组词义辨析。句意：如果我刚刚结束一次长途飞行，正在等待下一次飞行，我想 要的是一个安静的地方，而不是一个充满明亮的灯光和嘈杂的购物者的地方。A. filled with 充满；B. dominated by 由…占领；C. decorated with 由…装扮；D. recognized by 由…认出。 根据上文描述以及常识推断，机场里有商场，到处是嘈杂的购物者，也有许多灯亮，filled with“充满”，符合句意。故选 A 项。 【33 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，旅行很有趣，但当我不得不坐飞机的时候，去那里肯 定不会是绝大部分的乐趣（失去一部分快乐）。 A. increasingly 渐增地；B. permanently 永久 地；C. attentively 聚精会神地；D. definitely 绝对地。根据转折而否定的句意可知，旅行是快 乐的，但是去机场坐飞机绝对会减少部分快乐。故选 D 项。 【34 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：飞机是运送人们长途旅行的非常有效的方式，机场是这个过程 中必不可少的一部分。A. effective 有效的；B. optional 可选择的；C. necessary 必要的；D. suitable 合适的。根据常识可知，要想坐飞机旅行，机场是必不可少的。故选 C 项。 【35 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数机场都尽力提供良好的旅行体验，但他们只能忍受，而不 是真正享受。A. simplified 简单化；B. endured 忍受；C. declared 宣布；D. paralleled 使平行。 根据上文描述可知，作者在坐飞机旅行的时候有些不愉快的经历，所以说对于某些体验，只 能忍受，不是享受。故选 B 项。 Section B Directions: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Sometimes when she felt bored, she would pick up one of the numerous biographies（传记） about herself and begin to note in. "I never did that" or "simply not true" she would write roughly in the margins at the sides of pages. Since journalists, biographers and more recently even "bloggers" had been writing about her since the day she was born, there was plenty of material to edit. Not that her notes or corrections were ever shared with the authors. Lately, however, she even seemed to have lost her appetite for correctness. Did it matter anymore if things were not right? She knew that sitting alone chewing away on downbeat thoughts would not get her anywhere and would leave those around her confused and upset, should they ever catch her out. After all she was the decisive one, always on top of her game. A printed timetable for the following day lay on the table. A full day of openings and presentations, of smiling and nodding and flowers. Shaking herself out of her gray mood, she stepped over towards the computer where a sudden burst of energy gave her an idea. The screen flashed up in front of her but instead of clicking on the familiar icons which would lead her to the emails Randolph considered she needed to read, she simply went to visit Mr. Google and began her search for train timetable. A dish heaped with multi-coloured jellies and plenty of ice cream, served by a white-gloved train waiter with a perfect moustache. So many years had passed but she still remembered the jelly dissolving on her tongue in small but delicious mouthfuls. Each spoonful had to be lifted delicately to her mouth under the watched eye of her grandmother, who was a stickler for good manners. It was unlikely that they served jelly on the trains these days, what with all the concern about childhood fatness, but even a Spartan menu could not kill the romance of a train journey. As the timetable for Line-burst line flashed in front of her, she remembered that the Mayor of Alwoy would be expecting her to make a short, predictable speech at the opening of the now bridge. 36. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? A. The main character is probably a journalist writing blogs about royal members. B. The main character is always busy editing plenty of material about herself. C. The authors probably had chances to get the notes or correctness from the main character. D. Randolph is probably an assistant or a secretary to the main character. 37. Why does the main character recall the time she ate jellies and ice cream? A. She wishes that she were still a child so that she could eat jellies and ice cream. B. She is reminded of these foods because the thought of a train journey reminds her of them. C. She wishes she still knew where the handsome train waiter was D. Today's children aren't allowed to eat the same things that she ate as a child. 38. A "Sparten menu" (paragraph 4) would most likely ________________________. A. have mainly low fat, healthy foods B. be suitable for a romantic dinner C. include a range of sweets, but no jelly D. include foods which are easy to transport 39. What is most likely to happen next in this passage? A. The main character will practise her speech for greeting the Mayor of Alwoy. B. The main character will decide to take a rail journey. C. Randolph will send some emails to the main character. D. The main character will update her blog on the internet. 【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. B 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了主角在工作时偶然想起了儿时坐火车时吃果冻的美好回忆， 于是把手头的工作放在一边去查火车时刻表，她决定把所有的工作暂时抛之脑后，来一场说 走就走的火车旅行，追忆儿时的感觉。 【详解】1.推理判断题。结合文章第三段中“The screen flashed up in front of her but instead of clicking on the familiar icons which would lead her to the emails Randolph considered she needed to read,she simply went to visit Mr. Google and began her search for train timetable.”屏幕在她面 前闪现，但她没有点击那些熟悉的图标，这些图标会把她带到 Randolph 认为 她需要看的邮件地址, 而是直接去谷歌上搜索火车时刻表。据此可以推知，Randolph 在主 角的日常中，可能负责的是通过邮件让主角了解事情的。选项 D.“Randolph is probably an assistant or a secretary to the main character.”Randolph 可能是主角的助理或秘书。符合文意， 故选 D。 2.细节理解题。根据第四段中“A dish heaped with multi-coloured jellies and plenty of ice cream, served by a white-gloved train waiter with a perfect moustache. So many years had passed but she still remembered the jelly dissolving on her tongue in small but delicious mouthfuls. ”一位留着完美胡子、戴着白手套的火车侍者，端上来上面堆满了各种颜色的果冻 和大量的冰淇淋。所以这么多年过去了，但她仍然记得果冻在她的舌头上融化成小块，满嘴 的美味。据此可知，当火车上的侍者端上来美味食物时，让她想起了多年前在火车上吃到的 美味食品。结合第三段最后一句“...she simply went to visit Mr. Google and began her search for train timetable.”她是直接去谷歌上搜索火车时刻表。可知，主角是在查火车的时刻表，坐火 车是主角的想法。选项 B.“She is reminded of these foods because the thought of a train journey reminds her of them.”她想起这些食物，是因为坐火车的想法让她想起了这些食 物。和文意一致，故选 B。 3.推理判断题。根据第四段中“ It was unlikely that they served jelly on the trains these days, what with all the concern about childhood fatness,”现在他们不太可能在火车上供应果冻，因为他们 担心儿童肥胖，可知，火车上供应果冻很可能导致儿童肥胖。再结合下文“ but even a Spartan menu could not kill the romance of a train journey.”但即使是 Spartan menu 的菜 单，也无法抹杀火车旅行的浪漫。可知，Spartan menu 不像果冻那样会让孩子发胖，但乘坐 火车旅行的愉快一样存在。选项 A.“A "Sparten menu" would most likely have mainly low fat, healthy foods”Sparten 菜单”主要是低脂健康食品，和文意相符，故选 A。 4.推理判断题。结合第三段中“The screen flashed up in front of her but instead of clicking on the familiar icons which would lead her to the emails Randolph considered she needed to read,she simply went to visit Mr. Google and began her search for train timetable.”屏幕在她面前闪现，但 她没有点击那些熟悉的图标，这些图标会把她带到 Randolph 认为她需要看的 邮件地址, 而是直接去谷歌上搜索火车时刻表，以及第四段“but even a Spartan menu could not kill the romance of a train journey. As the timetable for Line-burst line flashed in front of her, she remembered that the Mayor of Alwoy would be expecting her to make a short, predictable speech at the opening of the now bridge.”即使是简单的菜单也不能扼杀火车旅行的 浪漫，当火车时刻表在她面前闪过时，她想起阿尔沃市长希望她在 大桥的开放仪式上，做 一个简短的，可预测的演讲，可知，主角把手头的工作放在一边去查火车时刻表，她现在满 脑子都是儿时在火车上吃果冻的美好回忆，因此接下来她可能会把工作暂时抛之脑后，来一 场说走就走的火车旅行，追忆儿时的感觉，选项 B The main character will decide to take a rail journey.”主角将决定乘火车旅行。符合文意。故选 B。 (B) Canals have to be built on a level, otherwise the water drains out of them and the canal becomes useless. This was the great problem facing the early canal builders, and they overcame it in different ways. The early engineers like James Brindley simply followed the outlines of the countryside and kept their canals level though it often meant choosing very roundabout routes. Later engineers, such as Thomas Telford, developed a new technique known as “cut and fill”in which they fixed a level through very accurate surveying. This allowed them to fill in the hollows on a route with the exact amount of soil they took from the higher ground. By this method, very direct routes could be taken, which cut down the time of a journey very considerably. A good example of this type of canal is Telford's Liverpool and Birmingham Junction Canal, which he began in 1826 to provide a direct route from the Midlands to the River Mersey. It was seldom possible to build a completely level canal, of course, whichever method was used, and most canals were provided with locks in which barges were raised or lowered to new levels. If you look at the diagram on the right, you can see a barge being raised in a lock by means of water which was allowed into the lock basin, or pound, from the upper level of the canal. When a barge had to be lowered, water was allowed out of the pound into the lower level of the canal. 40. Brindley's canals were less efficient, most likely because ________. A. he was not a good canal engineer B. the techniques and skills available at the time were useless C. his canals were built to keep the water drains out D. they had too many roundabout routes 41. According to this passage, why was the“cut and fill”technique designed? A. The outlines of the land could not be followed directly. B. It could make travelling distances shorter and save journey time. C. New surveying techniques had been invented successfully. D. The distance between the Midlands and River Mersey is great. 42. Locks are needed in canals to ________________. A. help boats to travel in both directions B. keep water levels changing all the time C. allow large ships to travel in canals D. transfer boats across differing water levels 【答案】40. D 41. B 42. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类运河的建造史。 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The early engineers like James Brindley simply followed the outlines of the countryside and kept their canals level though it often meant choosing very roundabout routes.”（早期的工程师，如詹姆斯·布林德利，只是遵循乡村的轮廓，保持运 河水平，尽管这通常意味着选择非常迂回的路线。）可知，之所以布林德利的运河缺乏效率 是因为，运用他的方法就意味着选择迂回的路线。故选 D 项。 【41 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“By this method, very direct routes could be taken, which cut down the time of a journey very considerably.”（用这种方法，可以走非常直接的路线，大大 缩短了旅行的时间。）可知，采用“挖填法”可以让航程变短节省航行的时间。故选 B 项。 【42 题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“It was seldom possible to build a completely level canal, of course, whichever method was used, and most canals were provided with locks in which barges were raised or lowered to new levels.”（当然，建造一条完全水平的运河几乎是不可能的，无 论采用哪种方法，而且大多数运河都有船闸，可以将驳船升高或降低到新的高度。）可知， 使用船闸可以在不同的水位上转移船只。故选 D 项。 (C) In the ancient world, the practice of medicine was inescapably linked to supernatural belief and magic. That was until the Greeks made advances in the field and brilliant figures such as Hippocrates laid the foundations for our medicine today. Recognized as the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates realised what seems obvious to us today -- that the observation and noting of symptoms is primary. He travelled across Greece teaching medicine, encouraging the view that disease had physical, not super-natural, explanations. Medical students still take the Hippocratic Oath, a formal promise made by new doctors that they will follow the standards set by their profession and try to preserve life, swearing to use their skills to heal and do no harm. One of Hippocrates' theories was of the 'four humours', a belief that disease was caused by an imbalance of the four liquids supposedly contained in the human body -- blood, phlegm, and black and yellow bile (a liquid produced by your organ which helps you to digest fat). Blood-letting was a common response to illness and was used until only 150 years ago in the mistaken belief that it would restore the body's internal balance. But while the Greeks may have been wrong about the bleeding and the bile, they were still the first civilization to understand that diseases could be treated by using carefully observation and logical thought. Aristotle, political theorist, philosopher and teacher, also studied the natural world from a scientific point of view. He was the first to classify organisms, and although his method may seem simple now, he divided them into two basic categories, as either plant or animal -- he was the first to do so. Aristotle valued experimentation are discovered that evaporation, the process of becoming a vapour, turned salt water into fresh water. He was also believer in the theory that all matter is composed of four elements -- fire, earth, water and air. Hippocrates believed the four humours, related to the four liquids in the body, were each in line with organ, a season and with different moods. The four were based on the Greeks' idea of four base elements ( water, fire, earth). Although discredited now, the humours formed the basis of western medicine until the century. They were: - Blood from the liver; associated with Spring; with courage and hope - Phlegm from brain and lungs; Winter; calm and unemotional - Yellow bile from gall bladder（胆囊）: Summer; anger and bad temper - Black bile from spleen（脾脏）: Autumn; with blue and dark mood 43. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A. It was the Greeks that made advances in the field of practice of medicine in the ancient world. B. The Hippocratic Oath is a formal promise made by new doctors to swear their responsibilities. C. Hippocrates thought disease was caused by imbalance of the four liquids contained in the human body. D. Hippocrates was the first to believe diseases could be treated by careful observation and logical thought. 44. The practice of blood-letting was based on the belief that ________ A. the blood was polluted by viruses B. the human body was not evenly balanced C. the patient was in a bad humour D. too much blood was bad for people 45. How did Aristotle find out that salt water can be turned into fresh water? A. He studied many books from a scientific point of view. B. He drew the conclusion according to the two basic categories. C. He made the discovery based on conducting experiments himself. D. He believed that all matter consists of four base elements. 46. Why is Hippocrates considered the founder of modern medicine? A. He proved that there are four base elements in all matter in the world. B. He showed the procedure of how the four bodily liquids affected moods. C. He insisted that almost all diseases had supernatural explanations. D. He recognized the importance of the observation and noting of symptoms. 【答案】43. D 44. B 45. C 46. D 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了现代医学之父希波克拉底对现代医学的历史贡献。 【43 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But while the Greeks may have been wrong about the bleeding and the bile, they were still the first civilization to understand that diseases could be treated by using carefully observation and logical thought.”（尽管希腊人关于流血和胆汁的说 法可能是错误的，但他们仍然是第一个理解到疾病可以通过仔细观察和逻辑思维来治疗的文 明。）可知，是其他希腊人而不是希波克拉底第一个相信疾病可以通过仔细观察和逻辑思维 来治疗的人。所以 D 项是不正确的。故选 D 项。 【44 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Blood-letting was a common response to illness and was used until only 150 years ago in the mistaken belief that it would restore the body's internal balance.” （放血是对疾病的一种常见反应，直到 150 年前，人们还误以为放血能恢复人体内部平衡。） 可知，放血疗法的信念基于人体内部并不平衡。故选 B 项。 【45 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“Aristotle valued experimentation are discovered that evaporation, the process of becoming a vapour, turned salt water into fresh water.”（ 亚里士多德有价值的实 验被发现，蒸发，即变成蒸汽的过程，把盐水变成淡水。）可知，亚里士多德是在他自己进 行的实验基础上得出这个发现的。故选 C 项。 【46 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Recognized as the father of modern medicine, Hippocrates realised what seems obvious to us today -- that the observation and noting of symptoms is primary. ”（ 希波克拉底被公认为现代医学之父，他意识到现在对我们来说显而易见 的事实——对症状的观察和记录是重要的。）可知，希波克拉底之所以被认为是现代医学的 创始人，是因为他认识到观察和记录症状的重要性。故选 D 项。 Section C Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Adolescents Worldwide Not Sufficiently Physically Active New WHO-led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active, putting their current and future health at risk. _________47_________ "Urgent policy action to increase physical activity is needed now, particularly to promote and keep up girls' participation in physical activity," says study author Dr Regina Gut-hold, WHO. The health benefits of a physically active lifestyle during adolescence include improved heart and lungs fitness, bone health and positive effects on weight. There is also growing evidence that physical activity has a positive impact on cognitive development and socializing. _________48_________. To achieve these benefits, the WHO recommends for adolescents to do moderate or vigorous physical activity for an hour or more each day. The authors estimated 80 percent of teems do not meet this recommendation by analysing data collected through school-based surveys on physical activity levels. _________49_________ Urgent scaling up is needed of known effective policies and programmes to increase physical activity in adolescents. Multisectoral action is needed to offer opportunities for young people to be active, involving education, urban planning, road safety and others. The highest levels of society, including national, city and local leaders, should promote the importance of physical activity for the health and well-being of all people, including adolescents. _________50_________ Strong political will and action can address the fact that four in every five adolescents do not experience the enjoyment and social, physical, and mental health benefits of regular physical activity. Policy makers and stakeholders should be encouraged to act now for the health of this and future young generations. A. Current evidence suggests that many of these benefits continue into adulthood. B. To increase physical activity for adolescents, the authors need to identify the many causes and inequities. C. The authors say that levels of insufficient physical activity in adolescents continue to be extremely high. D. To improve levels of physical activity among adolescents, the study provides some recommendation as follows. E. The authors note that adolescents' participation in physical activity will continue into adulthood. F. The study highlights that young people have the right to play and should be provided with the opportunities to realize their right to physical and mental health and well-being. 【答案】47. F 48. A 49. D 50. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。主要讲述了世界各地的青少年身体活动不足的现象。 【 详 解 】 1. 根 据 上 文 “New WHO-led study says majority of adolescents worldwide are not sufficiently physically active, putting their current and future health at risk. ”(世界卫生组织领导 的一项新研究表明，全世界大多数青少年没有足够的体力活动，这使他们目前和未来的健康 处于危险之中。)所以在接下来的描述中应该对这个研究做说明。选项 F.“The study highlights that young people have the right to play and should be provided with the opportunities to realize their right to physical and mental health and well-being.”(该研究报告强调，青年人有权玩耍，应该为他们提供机会，以实现其身心健康 和幸福的权利。)中的“The study”和上文构成逻辑上的一致关系，故选 F。 2.根据上文中“The health benefits of a physically active lifestyle during adolescence include improved heart and lungs fitness, bone health and positive effects on weight. ”9 在青少年时期积 极的生活方式对健康的好处包括改善心肺健康，骨骼健康和对体重的积极影响。讲述了积极 的生活方式对健康的好处。同时结合空白处前“There is also growing evidence that physical activity has a positive impact on cognitive development and socializing.”(也有越来越多的证据表明，体育活动对认知发展和社 交有积极的影响)讲述了体育活动对认知发展和社交有积极的影响。可以推知，空白处要描 述的与体育活动的好处有关。选项 A.“Current evidence suggests that many of these benefits continue into adulthood.”(目前的证据表明，这些益处中的许多会持续到成年)。和前文保持了意义上 的一致，符合文意。故选 A。 3.结合空白处后“Urgent scaling up is needed of known effective policies and programmes to increase physical activity in adolescents. ”(迫切需要扩大已知的有效政策和方案，以增加青少年的体 育活动。结合下文“Multisectoral action is needed to offer opportunitie for young people to be active, involving ... ”(需要采取多部门行动，为青年人提供积极参与的机会，包括......)；“The highest levels of society, including national, city and local leaders, should promote the importance of physical activity......”(社会最高层，包括国家、城市和地方领导人，应该宣传体育活动......的 重要性。)可知，本段阐述了增加青少年的体育活动的方法。空白处处于段首，是对本段做 概括作用，应该总说提供的提高青少年的身体活动水平的方法。选项 D 符合文意。故选 D。 4.根据下文中“Strong political will and action can address the fact that four in every five adolescents do not experience the enjoyment and social, physical, and mental health benefits of regular physical activity. ”(强烈的政治意愿和行动可以解决这样一个事实，即每五个青少年中 就有四个没有享受到经常体育活动带来的社会、身体和精神健康方面的好处这样的事实。) 说明了不经常参加体育活动带来的影响的比率很大，所以空白处应该说明的是，在青少年中， 青少年身体活动不足的程度仍然非常高。选项 E 和文意一致，故选 E。 IV. Summary Writing 51. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Singapore's Information Technology Strategy Singapore's information technology strategy rests on two major legs. The first leg is world-class basic facilities. Being a city-state, it is relatively easy to connect every home, office and hotel room. Our objective is to provide broad-band everywhere, either wired or wireless. We will make it a readily available utility like water, electricity, gas and telephone. We are well on our way there. We now require, by regulation, every new home to be equipped with broad-band in the same way as it is required to have water and electricity. The second leg is the education of our entire population in IT (information technology). Like reading, writing and arithmetic, computers are best learnt when we are young. Today's children can click the mouse faster than we can blink. In many countries, children of middle-class families have no difficulty with this new technology. But, without special effort, there is a danger that children of poorer families will miss out on the opportunity to learn IT. Like the piano and violin, one can still learn the computer as an adult. But rarely does one acquire the same facility. The strategy in Singapore is therefore to teach information technology to every child regardless of his family background. The Education Ministry now has a multi-billion dollar programme to provide one computer for every 2 schoolchildren in Singapore from first grade onwards. Every teacher will have a notebook. Most Singaporeans now understand the importance of IT, if not for themselves, at least for their children and grandchildren. Over 40% of households in Singapore now own PCs. Over one-third of households in Singapore already enjoy access to Internet. What we want is for every Singaporean to be computer literate so that he can function effectively in any bank, factory or restaurant, just as one would expect an employee to be able to read, write and count. An employer in Singapore in the future should not have to worry that his employee does not now how to use a computer or the Internet. 【 答 案 】 Singapore’s information technology strategy depends on two major ways. One is to construct world-class basic facilities by providing broad-band everywhere. The other is to teach each child information technology whatever his family background is, providing computers to students and teachers. The strategy has aroused the recognition of most Singaporeans and the employers will hopefully have computer literate employees. 【解析】 【分析】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新加坡信息科技战略的两个方面。一方面是通过提供宽 带，建立世界级的基础设施；另一方面是对全体人民进行信息技术教育。而且，大多数新加 坡人民已经明白了信息技术的重要性。 【详解】1 要点摘录 1) Singapore's information technology strategy rests on two major legs. 2) The first leg is world-class basic facilities. 3) Our objective is to provide broad-band everywhere, either wired or wireless. 4) The second leg is the education of our entire population in IT (information technology). 5) The strategy in Singapore is therefore to teach information technology to every child regardless of his family background. 6) Most Singaporeans now understand the importance of IT. 7) An employer in Singapore in the future should not have to worry that his employee does not now how to use a computer or the Internet. 2.缜密构思 将第 2、3 两个要点进行重组，将第 4、5 两个要点进行整合，将第 6、7 两个要点进行整合。 3.遣词造句 One is to construct world-class basic facilities by providing broad-band everywhere. The other is to teach each child information technology whatever his family background is, providing computers to students and teachers. The strategy has aroused the recognition of most Singaporeans and the employers will hopefully have computer literate employees. 【点睛】[高分句型 1] The other is to teach each child information technology whatever his family background is, providing computers to students and teachers.运用让步状语从句，整合了两个句 子，对原文第二段进行了概括。其中 whatever 引导的让步状语从句、动词 ing 作伴随状语等 表达高级。 [高分句型 2]：The strategy has aroused the recognition of most Singaporeans and the employers will hopefully have computer literate employees.and 引导的并列句。 第 II 卷 V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 如天公作美，周末我们就去郊游。(permit)(汉译英) 【答案】If the weather permits, we’ll go for an outing this weekend. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、动词、短语和 if 引导的条件状语从句。表示“天公”应用名词 weather； 表示“作美”应用动词 permit；表示“去郊游”短语为 go for an outing；表示“周末”应用 名词 weekend。根据“周末”可知，主句应使用一般将来时，而含 if 引导的条件状语从句， 主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，weather 不可数，故其后 permit 用单三形式。故翻 译为 If the weather permits, we’ll go for an outing this weekend. 53. 端午时节吃粽子、赛龙舟是我们的习俗。(It) (汉译英) 【答案】It is our custom to eat Zongzi and race dragon boat during the Dragon Boat Festival. 【解析】 【详解】考查 it 作为形式主语的句式。表示“吃粽子”用 eat Zongzi；表示“赛龙舟”用 race dragon boat；表示“习俗”用 custom；it 做形式主语的句式为“It + be + n./adj + to do sth.本句为一般现 在时。故翻译为 It is our custom to eat Zongzi and race dragon boat during the Dragon Boat Festival. 54. 尽管该项目困难重重，但有当地政府和企业的共同努力定能取得进展。(progress) (汉译 英) 【答案】Although there are many difficulties in the project, progress can be made with the joint efforts of local governments and enterprises. 【解析】 【详解】考查让步状语从句、短语和名词。本句为 although 引导的让步状语从句，主从句 都为一般现在时。表示“尽管”用 although；表示“困难重重”用 many difficulties；表示“该项目” 用短语 in the project，在句中作状语。表示“有”用 there be 结构。从句的主语为“进步”用 progress；表示“能取得”用 can be made；用被动语态；表示“共同努力”用短语 with the joint efforts of ；表示“当地政府和企业”用 local governments and enterprises；故翻译 为：Although there are many difficulties in the project, progress can be made with the joint efforts of local governments and enterprises. 55. 园艺使人们得以侍弄花草，通过与大自然的接触得到美的享受，能修身养性。(which) (汉 译英) 【答案】Gardening allows people to serve the flowers and plants, through which you can contact and enjoy nature, improving your personality. 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词做主语、现在分词作状语和非限制性定语从句。表本句为一般现在时， 表示“园艺”用 gardening，动名词做主语表示经常性行为，习惯性动作；表示“允许某人干某 事”用短语 allow sb. to do sth.，主语为“gardening”为第三人称，所以 allow 用单数；表示“侍 弄花草”用 serve the flowers；表示“接触大自然并得到美的享受”用 contact and enjoy nature； 表示“修身养性”用 improve your personality,作为接触并享受大自然的自然结果，“improve...” 做结果状语，因和句子主语“gardening”为主谓关系，所以用现在分词形式；“personality”做 名词时，表示“性格”时为可数名词；做“气质，气度”讲时，为不可数名词，此处表示提升气 质，所以为不可数名词；the flowers and plants 为先行词，作 through 的宾语， 所以本句为 through which 引导的非限制性定语从句。故可翻译为：Gardening allows people to serve the flowers, through which you can contact and enjoy nature, improving your personality. VI. Guided Writing 56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高三张华，在某英语报上看到一则报道，说某偏远山区的贫困村庄盛产红 茶，但由于交通不便、信息不畅，导致销售不利，影响了村民的收入。现号召广大读者出谋 策划。请你写一封信给英语报。在信中，你必须： 1. 就如何帮助该村庄销售茶叶、脱贫致富提出建议； 2. 说明你的理由。 【答案】Dear editor, Having read the news from the English Paper that a small village, lying in a remote mountain area, which is rich in black tea, is encountering an unpleasant event, I feel sorry for them. Due to the inconvenience of transportation and information, it leads to poor sales in black tea and thus affects the income of the villagers. Now there is a call on our readers to give some suggestions. I understand the feeling and feel sympathetic to the villagers, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here. As far as I’m concerned, to start with, it’s a better choice to build up well-designed transportation, which will surely provide the villagers with enough convenience to deliver their products outside of the village so long as they are asked in the market. Besides, in terms of out-of-date information ways, the government should take effective measures to speed up creating information channels so that the villagers can get timely news about the products. In addition, as for the villagers, they should also make their own efforts to improve their knowledge on planting, which is beneficial to them to offer the market excellent and advanced goods. I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I sincerely hope the villagers can move out of poverty soon. Yours, Zhang Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给英语报写封信，就报纸上提到的报道：某偏远山区的 贫困村庄盛产红茶，但由于交通不便、信息不畅，导致销售不利，影响了村民的收入。谈谈 自己的建议。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文。 时态：根据提示，本文以一般现在时为主。 结构法：总分法。 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1. 就如何帮助该村庄销售茶叶、脱贫致富提出建议； 2. 说明你的理由。 第二步：列提纲（重点词组） a remote mountain area，be rich in，encounter an unpleasant event，due to, inconvenience of transportation and information, leads to, affect the income of, build up well-designed transportation, take effective measures, in terms of, speed up, creating information channels, make their own efforts to, be beneficial to 第三步：连词成句 1. Having read the news from the English Paper that a small village, lying in a remote mountain area, which is rich in black tea, is encountering an unpleasant event. 2. Due to the inconvenience of transportation and information, it leads to poor sales in black tea and thus affects the income of the villagers. 3. Now there is a call on our readers to give some suggestions. I understand the feeling and feel sympathetic to the villagers, and I will try to make some conducive suggestions here. 4. As far as I’m concerned, to start with, it’s a better choice to build up well-designed transportation, which will surely provide the villagers with enough convenience to deliver their products outside of the village so long as they are asked in the market. 5. In terms of out-of-date information ways, the government should take effective measures to speed up creating information channels so that the villagers can get timely news about the products. 6. As for the villagers, they should also make their own efforts to improve their knowledge on planting, which is beneficial to them to offer the market excellent and advanced goods. 7. I hope you will find these proposals useful, and I sincerely hope the villagers can move out of poverty soon. 第四步，连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表顺序关系：to start with 2.表递进补充关系：besides，in addition 3.表示个人观点：as far as I’m concerned 【点睛】[高分句型 1] Having read the news from the English Paper that a small village, lying in a remote mountain area, which is rich in black tea, is encountering an unpleasant event. 从报纸上得知，一个偏远山区的 小村庄，盛产红茶，遭遇了一件不愉快的事件。having done…,为现在分词作状语; that 从句 为同位语从句，解释名词 news; which 之后的为非限制性定语从句。 [高分句型 2] As far as I’m concerned, to start with, it’s a better choice to build up well-designed transportation, which is surely provide the villagers with enough convenience to deliver their products outside of the village so long as they are asked in the market. 就我而言，首先，建立一个精心设计的交通 系统是个更好的选择，它肯定会给村民们提供足够的便利，只要市场上有需求，村民们就可 以把他们的产品送到村外。it 为形式主语，指代其后的不定式短语“to build up…”；which 引 导非限制性定语从句。