余姚市（浙江）2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮精炼 7页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 余姚市（浙江）2017 高考英语阅读理解一轮精炼 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C 和 D) 中, 选出最佳选项。 (原创)People around the world are remembering Nelson Mandela, South Africa’s first black president. He died Thursday at the age of 95. South African President Jacob Zuma said, “The nation has lost its greatest son, and our people have lost a father. ” Mandela had been in poor health for several years. He was repeatedly treated in hospital, most recently for a lung infection. He became infected with tuberculosis(肺结核)many years ago while in prison. Nelson Mandela was the main leader in efforts to end white minority rule in South Africa. He spent 27 years in prison for his part in fighting apartheid(种族隔离)—the nation’s policy of discrimination(歧视)against blacks. Many world leaders, past and present, are remembering Nelson Mandela. Frederick W. de Klerk was South Africa’s last apartheid leader. He freed Mandela from prison in 1990. Later, the two men won the Nobel Peace Prize. Mr. de Klerk said people will remember Mandela for the importance he placed on reconciliation(和解)—being able to reach a settlement between conflicting sides. He said their relationship was, in his words, “often stormy”, but he said they were“always able to come together at critical(关键的)moments. ” In the United States, President Barack Obama called Mandela an influential, brave and profoundly good human being. Mr. Obama said Mandela will be remembered for leaving a free South Africa at peace. “I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandela’s life. My very first political action—the first thing I ever did that involved an issue, or a policy, or politics—was a protest against apartheid. I would study his words and his writings. ” In London, British Prime Minister David Cameron called Mandela a true global hero. In his words, a great light has gone out in the world. 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了南非前总统曼德拉的去世及世界各国主要领导人对曼德拉的缅怀。 1. Which is TRUE about Mandela? A. He seldom received treatment in hospital. B. He died in prison. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 C. A lung infection caused Mandela’s death. D. He died when he was still president. 【解析】选 C。细节理解题。根据第三段 He was repeatedly treated in hospital, most recently for a lung infection. 一句可知曼德拉因肺部感染去世。故选 C。 2. What does the underlined word“stormy”in Para. 6 mean? A. rainy B. fierce C. peaceful D. challenging 【解析】选 B。词义猜测题。根据后句 Mr. de Klerk 说在关键时刻双方能够联合可知双方的关系有时很激 烈。 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Frederick W. de Klerk is still an enemy of Mandela. B. President Barack Obama learned a lot from Nelson Mandela’s life. C. Nelson Mandela fought for the independence of South Africa. D. Jacob Zuma called Mandela a true global hero. 【解析】选 B。推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“I am one of the countless millions who drew inspiration from Nelson Mandela’s life. . . ”部分可知美国总统奥巴马从曼德拉身上学到了许多。 4. The passage is most likely a part of . A. an advertisement B. a travel booklet C. a biography D. a newspaper 【解析】选 D。文章出处题。本文介绍了曼德拉去世后世界各国举行哀悼的情况, 最可能出自报纸的新闻, 故 选 D。A 项意思是“广告”; B 项意思是“旅游手册”; C 项意思是“人物传记”。 说理议论（阅读理解）由 (2009 重庆,E)改编 A recent study,while showing a generally positive attitude toward science,also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”.This idea is dangerous. Science can be a force for evil as well as for good.Its applications can be channeled either way,depending on our decisions.The decisions we make,personally or collectively,will determine the outcomes of science.But here is a real danger.Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference.And,rather than fighting for the best possible policies,we may step back and 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 do nothing. Some people go even further.They say that despite the moral and legal objections (反对), whatever is scientifically possible will be done—somewhere,sometime.They believe that science will get out of control in the end.This belief is dangerous too,because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world. In our interconnected world,the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science.Without a common understanding,the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough.Take human cloning for example.Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact (影响) on traditional moral values,some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques.The outcomes are hard to predict. Therefore,discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies.Only through the united efforts of people with hope,can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future. 1.What can we conclude from the recent study?( ) A.People think highly of science. B.People hold mixed opinions about science. C.Science is getting dangerously out of control. D.Science is used for both good and bad purposes. 2.According to the passage,what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?( ) A.The development of science will hopelessly slow down. B.Businesses will have even greater influence on science. C.The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future. D.People will work more actively to put science under control. 3.The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because . A.scientists have failed to predict the outcomes B.the ties between different areas need strengthening C.united efforts are necessary for the development of science D.people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science 4.What is the main idea of the passage?( ) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 A.Science and its applications bring us many dangers. B.The development of science mostly lies in people’s attitudes. C.Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts. D.The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas. 语篇解读:一次最近的调查表明了人们对于科学及其如何运用于人类世界的不同态度。尽管大多数人都 持积极的态度,但有人认为科学发展及其应用最终可能危害人类。只有通过大家的努力,才能让科学更好地 服务于人类。 答案及剖析:1.B 推理判断题。文章第一段已点明了全文的主要内容:尽管人们对科学一般都是积极的 态度,但最近调查表明还存在着广泛的担忧。 2.C 事实细节题。从文章第三段最后两句可知答案为 C。 3.D 推理判断题。文章最后一段最后一句句意:只有通过充满希望的人们团结努力,我们才能安全地与 错误地使用科学的现象作斗争,将来才能让科学更好地服务于人类。 4.B 主旨大意题。文章第一段表明了全文的主要内容。 【长难句子分析】 and 科学进步如此之快,受商业影响如此之深,让我们有可能认为我们无论做出何种决定都没有什么作用。本句 是 so...that 的句式结构。that 引导的结果状语从句中含有 whatever 引导的宾语从句。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出最佳选项。 【2014 一模试题】 I used to think of myself as a fairly open person, but my bookshelves told a different story. Apart from a few Indian novels and the Australian and South African book, my literature collection consisted of British and American titles. Worse still, I hardly ever read anything in translation. My reading was limited to stories by English-speaking authors. So, at the start of 2012, I set myself the challenge of trying to read a book from every country in a year to find out what I was missing. As I was unlikely to find publications from nearly 200 nations on the shelves of my local bookshop, I decided to ask the planet’s readers for help. I created a blog called A Year of Reading the World and put out an appeal for suggestions of titles 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 that I could read in English. The response was amazing. Before I knew it, people all over the planet were getting in touch with ideas and offers of help. Some posted me books from their home countries. Others did hours of research on my behalf. In addition, several writers sent me unpublished translations of their novels, giving me a rare opportunity to read works otherwise unavailable to the 62% of the British who only speak English. Even so, selecting books was no easy task. With translations making up only around 4.5 percent of literary works published in the UK and Ireland, getting English versions (版本)of stories was difficult. But the effort was worth it. I found I was visiting the mental space of the storytellers. These stories not only opened my mind to the real life in other places, but opened my heart to the way people there might feel. And that in turn changed my thinking. Through reading the stories shared with me by bookish strangers around the globe, I realised I was not alone, but part of a network that spread all over the planet. 21. Which of the following might be found on the blog A Year of Reading the World? A. Lists of English version books. B. Research on English literature. C. Unfinished novels by British writers. D. Comments on English literature. 22. Why was it hard for the author to select the right books to read? A. The author had a busy schedule. B. The author was only interested in a few topics. C. The author could only read books written in English. D. Most books recommended are not available in local bookshops. 23. The author is probably from_________. A. America B. the UK C. Australia D. Canada 24. Which of the following words can best describe the author’s experience? A. fast and effortless B. challenging but rewarding C. hopeless but beneficial D. meaningful but fruitless 【参考答案】21---24 ACBB 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 【2014 一模试题】 My oldest child, Emma, just returned to campus after a long holiday break to finish up her last period of college. These days, friends and family have begun flooding me with one question: What is she going to do after graduation? The job market is, after all, awfully tough. Just this month the Federal Reserve Bank published a study showing that “recent graduates are increasingly working in low-paid jobs or working part-time.” The bright spot, according to the study, is for students who majored(主 修) in STEM — science, technology, engineering and mathematics — areas in which recent graduates “have tended to do relatively well”. But Emma is a student of the humanities(人文) at a small college. She’s an American Studies major with a focus on the politics and culture of food. For quite a while, I think her field of study is so fashionable right now that I’m not the least bit worried she will find a good job. Yet the more I’ve thought about it, the more I’ve decided to be honest. “I’m not sure what Emma is going to do,” I now say. “But she’s gotten a great education and has really found her interest. — and I know those things will serve her well over the course of her life.” Nowadays, more and more universities and colleges are being measured by the salaries of their recent graduates. In this climate, encouraging your kid to study the humanities, seems, at best, unwise or, at worst, unconcerned with earning a living. But a college is not a vocational(职 业) school. And promoting STEM subjects should not be society’s only answer to helping the next generation grow in a competitive world. From the beginning, we never urged Emma to pick a college or a major with an eye on its expected return on money, as more and more families are doing. To Emma, what really matters will be something that we may not be able to measure for quite a long time: Emma’s contribution to the world and how happy she is in it. 25. The author’s friends and family A. are worried about Emma’s safety B. have been worrying about the flood C. are concerned about Emma’s future D. are worried about the job market 26. What can we learn from Paragraph 2? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 A. The number of the graduates is increasing. B. STEM graduates can be better employees. C. STEM graduates are in relatively greater demand. D. More and more graduates like to do a part-time job. 27. Why did Emma choose a major in the humanities? A. Because she is interested in it. B. Because her mother told her to. C. Because it is increasingly popular. D. Because she wants further education. 28. According to the author, what matters most in choosing a major is that_________. A. it should be among the STEM B. it should be fashionable and interesting C. it should allow a good job and a high salary D. it should bring achievements and happiness 【参考答案】25---28 CCAD