2020届外研版高考英语新一轮复习必修3学案 21页

Module 5 Great People and Great Inventions of Ancient China 一、课前基础自查 (一)分类记单词——省时高效 Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意) 1．philosopher n．　哲学家 2．philosophy n. 哲学 3．adviser n. 顾问_ 4．bark n. 树皮 5．leather n. 皮革_ 6．monk n. 和尚_ 7．category n. 范畴；种类_ 8．sutra n. (佛教的)经_ Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形) 1．teaching n. (常作复数)教导；学说 2.thinker n．　　思想家 3．principle n. 原则；准则 4．position n. 职位 5．stress vt. 强调 6．resign vi. 辞职 7．kindness n. 善良 8．love n. 仁爱 9．soft adj. 柔软的 10．fuel n. 燃料 11．condition n. 状况；条件；环境 Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变) 1．equal adj.平等的；相等的 v.比得上→equality n．相 等；平等→equally adv.平等地；相等地 2．importance n．重要；重要性→important adj.重要的 3．order n．秩序→orderly adj.整洁的；有秩序的 4．influential adj.有影响的→influence n．&v.影响 5．honesty n．诚实→honest adj.诚实的 6．justice n．公正→just adj.公正的 7．contribution n．贡献→contribute vi.贡献；促成；造 成 8．invent vt.发明→invention n．发明→inventor n．发明 家 9．argument n．争论；辩论；议论→argue vi.争论；争 辩；提出理由；说服 10．freedom n．自由→free adj.自由的；空闲的；免费 的 [语境活用] 1．There are equal numbers of boys and girls in our class. They share everything in class equally. They value the equality in everything among themselves. (equal) 2．His great contributions to the company have contributed to its rapid development in recent years. (contribute) 3．The honest boy impressed all the employers with his honesty. (honesty) 4．Edison was a great inventor and was famous for his inventions because he invented many things in his life. (invent) (二)练中记短语——记牢用活 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空) 1.agree_with　　　　　　同意； 与……相符；适合(某人) 2．be_at_war_with 与……交战 3．bring_up 养育；抚养 4．become/be_interested_in 对…… 感兴趣 5．be_similar_to 与……相似 6．be_proud_of 为……自豪 7．in_conclusion 总之 8．for_the_first_time 第一次 1.Brought_up in a happy and wealthy family, Robert learned how to observe good manners at home. 2．As your friend, I know how hard you have been studying Chinese and I am_proud_of your achievement. 3．In_conclusion,_as adults, we have more responsibilities on our shoulders and should take more into consideration when making decisions. 4．The two sides did not agree on the subject for_the_first_time,_so today they will sit down once more to have a discussion. 5．Once you become_interested_in_ a topic, you'll start paying attention to information about that topic wherever you go. 6．You look well. The air and the sea foods in Sanya must agree_with you, I suppose. (三)仿写明句式——以用为本 教材原句 句式解读 句式仿写 1.Treat others in the way you want to be treated. 己所不欲，勿施于人。 the way 作先行词，省 略 that/in which 的定 语从句。 你日常生活中发生的事情会 改变你看待世界和世人的方 式。 Something that happens in your daily life will change the_way_you_look_at_the_wo rld and the people in it. 2.Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. 孟子认为人区别于动物的原因就在 于人性本善。 the reason why ... is that ... “……的原因 是……。” 他取得那么大的成功的原因 是他从不放弃。 The_reason_why_he_has_had_ such_a_success_is_that he never gives up. 3.However, we do know that in 1092 AD he invented the first real clock. 然而，我们的确知道在公元 1092 年， 他发明了第一个真正的钟表。 “do/does/did＋动词 原形”表示强调。 我现在很少锻炼，但我上初中 时的确喜欢踢足球。 I don't take much exercise now, but I did_like_playing_football_whe n I was in junior school. 二、课堂重点深化 1．equal adj.平等的；相等的；胜任的 vt.等于；与……相同；比得上 n．同等的人；相 等的物 　[自主体验] 单句语法填空 ①We need to be active in all kinds of sports, and pay attention to mental health which is equal to physical health. ②We Chinese people have persistently urged the equality (equal) of nations, big or small. ③His paintings are without_equal in the Western world. 　[系统归纳] (1)equal ... with ...　　　　　 把……与……等同 (2)be equal to (doing) sth. 等于；能胜任(做)某事 be equal with 与……平等 equal sb./sth. in (doing) sth. 在(做)某事方面比得上某人/物 without equal 无与伦比 (3)equality n. 相等；平等 equally adv. 相等地；平等地；同样地 　[重点强化] 易错处处防 ④ Hong Kong Wetland Park is equal attractive in spring and autumn, for the weather is pleasant in both seasons.equal→equally 佳句时时写 ⑤他们没有意识到浪费时间实际上等于自杀。 They don't realize that wasting_time_is_actually_equal_to_killing_themselves. 2．order n．秩序；次序；命令；订购；点菜 vt.命令；订购；点(饭菜) 　[自主体验] 单句语法填空 ①I'd like to place an order for some tea with your company. ②(2016·北京高考)Ordered (order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. ③Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when a public apology seems to be in_order? 补全句子 ④Our refrigerator is out_of_order again. We'd better buy a new one instead of repairing it. 我们的冰箱又坏了。我们最好买台新的，不要修了。 　[系统归纳] (1)in order of　　　 以……的顺序 in order 井然有序；适宜；妥当 in order to 为了 out of order 次序颠倒；发生故障 place an order for sth. (with sb.) (向某人)订购某物 (2)order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 order that ... (should) do 命令…… 　[重点强化] 易错处处防 ⑤The premier showed his sorrow to the dead and ordered that the necessities were conveyed as soon as possible.were→be_ 佳句时时写 ⑥(2017·北京高考书面表达)为了在毕业前给大家留下一些难忘的回忆，我们班制作了一 个特别的视频来表达我们对学校的感激之情。 In_order_to_leave_some_impressive_memories_for_all_of_us_before_graduation,_our class made a special video to express our appreciation of our school. 3．stress vt.强调；施压于；使紧张 n.压力；重音；强调 　[自主体验] 单句语法填空 ①When under stress, even a most gentle person can be bad­tempered and get angry easily. ② Nowadays more and more middle school students are getting stressed (stress) in their studies. ③Most doctors and nurses live under stressful (stress) conditions. ④He laid particular stress on the need for discipline. 　[系统归纳] (1)stress the importance of　 强调……的重要性 under stress 在压力之下 under the stress of 在……压力下；为……所迫 lay/put/place stress on 强调；把重点放在……上 (2)stressful adj. 压力大的；紧张的 stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；心力交瘁的 　[重点强化] 易错处处防 ⑤ Nowadays, the parents are demanding too much of their children, which makes the children feel stressfully and unhappy.stressfully→stressful_ 佳句时时写 ⑥为了强调这些历史遗址的重要性，政府已经加强规定去保护它们。 To_stress_the_importance_of_these_historic_sites,_the government has strengthened regulations to protect them. 4．condition n．状况；条件；环境 　[自主体验] 单句语法填空 ①Under normal conditions (condition), people will usually do what requires least effort. ②I don't care about the price, so long as the car is in good condition. ③I'll let you use my bike on condition that you can return it tomorrow. 　[系统归纳] (1)living/housing/working conditions　　 生活/住房/工作条件 under ... conditions 在……条件下 (2)be in good/bad/poor condition 状况良好/恶劣；健康/不健康 out of condition 身体不适 (3)on condition (that) ... 在……条件下；倘若 on no condition 决不 　[重点强化] 易错处处防 ④We should contribute what we can afford for tomorrow's picnic in spite of our poor living condition.condition→conditions_ 佳句时时写 ⑤我们绝不能放弃梦想，只有我们坚持自己的梦想，才能够克服各种挑战。 On no condition_can_we_give_up_our_dreams;_only if we stick to our dreams will we be able to get over all kinds of challenges. [名师指津]　on no condition 意为“决不”，放在句首时常引起句子的部分倒装，有类似 用法的还有：by no means, in no way, on no account, under no circumstances, in no case, at no time 等。 1．bring up 养育；抚养；教育；提出；呕吐 　[自主体验] 写出下列句中 bring up 的含义 ①Born into a family with three brothers, David was brought up to value the sense of sharing.教育 ②He brought up a practical plan in the meeting, which brought down the cost of production. 提出 ③He was drunk and brought up what he had eaten at midnight.呕吐 ④Brought up in a big city, he found it quite difficult to fit in the countryside.抚养；养育_ 　[系统归纳] bring about　　　　　 引起；导致(事故、变化等) bring back 带回；使回忆起某事；使恢复 bring down 使……降低；使……倒下 bring in 引入；赚得；挣得 bring out 显现出；使发挥 　[重点强化] 单句语法填空 ⑤(2017·江苏高考)Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor. 选词填空(bring up, bring down) ⑥This printer is of high quality and very expensive. Should the price of it be brought_down,_we would buy one. ⑦Being brought_up in the countryside made Mr. Wilson very hardworking when he was very young. 佳句时时写 ⑧我们成长的方式，以及我们的文化背景，将会极大地影响我们对表达愤怒的感受。 The_way_we_are_brought_up,_and our cultural background，will very much influence how we feel about expressing anger. 2．in conclusion 总之 　[系统归纳] (1)come to/reach/draw a conclusion　 得出结论 (2)conclude vt.& vi. 结束；推断出 concludeError! (从……中)推断出…… conclude sth.Error! 以……结束…… to conclude 最后 　[重点强化] 单句语法填空 ①He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. ② When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to conclude it with important points. 易错处处防 ③ In conclude, I'd like to say thanks to all of you for your presents.In→To 或 conclude→conclusion_ 佳句时时写 我从我自己的经历中得出结论：“有志者，事竟成。” ④ I have concluded_from_my_own_experiences that “Where there is a will, there is a way.”(conclude) ⑤I have drawn_a_conclusion_from_my_own_experiences that “Where there is a will, there is a way.” (conclusion) 3．the way 作先行词，省略 that/in which 的定语从句 　[教材原句]　Treat others in the_way you want to be treated. 　[自主体验] ①I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the_way_(that/in_which) he speaks English. 我觉得你嘲笑他说英语的方式伤害了他的自尊心。 ②The_way_that/which came up at the meeting was unpractical.在会议上提出的方法不切 实际。 ③Is this the way you can imagine to_reduce/of_reducing_air_pollution? 这是你能想到的减少空气污染的方法吗？ 　[归纳点拨] (1)way 表示“方式；方法”时，其后常接 in which 或 that 引导的定语从句，也可以将 关系词 in which 或 that 省略掉，此时关系词在从句中作状语。 (2)way 后接定语从句时，如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词 that/which， 作宾语时可以省略，作主语时不可省略。 (3)way 表示“方式；方法”时，其后可接不定式或 of doing sth.形式。 　[佳句背诵] ①(增分要点句)Yet in modern society somebody has to do ordinary jobs such as cleaning streets because this is the way society is organized. ②(增分要点句)School activities are usually considered a good way to make new friends and develop new interests. 4．The reason why ...is that ...……的原因是…… 　[教材原句]　Mencius believed that the_reason_why man is different from animals is_that man is good. 　[自主体验] ①The reason why_he__failed_to_pass_the_exam_was_that he never studied hard. 他之所以没有通过这次考试是因为他从不努力学习。 ②The reason (that/which)_he_explained_at_the_meeting was that he didn't catch the first bus. 他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上第一辆公共汽车。 ③Why don't you believe the_reason_that_my_car_was_held_up in the traffic jam? 你为什么不相信我的车被堵在路上的原因呢？ 　[归纳点拨] 用法 规则 (1)the reason why ...is that ...，表示“……的原因是……”， 其中 why 引导定语从句， that 引导表语从句。 (2)the reason that /which ...，表示“……的原因”， that/which 引导定语从句，并在定 语从句中作主语或宾语。 (3)the reason that ...，表示“……的原因”， that 后接同位语从句，解释其内容。 注意 事项 reason 用作先行词时，首先判断定语从句中缺少什么成分，如果缺少状语，则要用 关系副词 why 或 for which 引导定语从句， why 有时可省略；如果缺少主语或宾语， 则要用关系代词 that/which 引导定语从句， that/which 在定语从句中作宾语时可省 略。 　[佳句背诵] ①( 精 彩 开 头 句 )The reason why I intend to try it is that we'll be exposed to the atmosphere and experience the race in person. ②(增分要点句)There exist several reasons that account for my choice. 本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“对社会有突出贡献的人物”子话 题相对应 一、话题语素积累多一点 话题词汇记一记 子话题(一)　历史人物 温故浅易词汇 ①emperor　　②politician　③thinker ④educator ⑤scientist ⑥poet 识记生疏词汇 ①philosopher n．哲学家　②ancestor n．祖先 ③ambassador n．大使；使节 ④civilian n．平民，百姓 ⑤pioneer n．先锋 ⑥Prime Minister 首相，总理 子话题(二)　历史事件 温故 浅易 词汇 ①historic　　②historical　③weapon ④escape ⑤ancient ⑥independence ⑦independent ⑧period ⑨popularity 识记 生疏 词汇 ①dynasty n．朝代　　　②slavery n．奴隶制度 ③battle n．战斗，战役 ④origin n．起源，由来 ⑤aggression n．侵略 ⑥revolution n．革命 ⑦uprising n．起义 ⑧incident n．事件；冲突 ⑨invade v．侵略 ⑩occupy vt.占领 ⑪sacrifice v．牺牲 ⑫betray vt.出卖；泄露(机密) ⑬feudal adj.封建(制度)的 ⑭primitive adj.原始的 常用词块忆一忆 ①play a role in　　 　　　　 在……中起作用 ②once upon a time 从前 ③serve as 充当，担任；起……的作用 ④as a consequence of 由于 ⑤lead a miserable life 过着痛苦的生活 ⑥set up 建立；设立 ⑦heart and soul 全心全意地 ⑧at the beginning/start of 在……开始时 ⑨be devoted to 致力于，专注于 ⑩in the course of 在……期间，在……过程中 ⑪come to power 上台执政 ⑫have an impact on 有影响 写作佳句背一背 ①(2016·北京高考书面表达)Zheng He, an explorer in Ming Dynasty, is my favorite figure in Chinese history. ②Confucius is considered as the greatest educator of the ancient Chinese sages. ③Owing to the fact that he can do whatever he has chosen to do with great perseverance, he has made great achievements in many fields. 二、话题书面表达亮一点 [题目要求] 假定你是李华，当前在伦敦的孔子学院(Confucius Institute)做志愿者。你的英国朋友 Henry 对孔子特别感兴趣，请你写封邮件邀请他参观孔子学院。要点如下： 1．简述孔子及中国文化在世界上的影响； 2．告知参观时间：11 月 6 日(本周六)上午 8 点； 3．介绍参加活动：汉语班，剪纸，书法。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．文章格式已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：剪纸：paper­cutting　书法：calligraphy Dear Henry, 　 　　 Yours truly， Li Hua 　　　 [写作 4 步走] 第一步：句写对——给词写句 (用方框内的词汇翻译句子) consider, be keen on, have an impact on, set up, volunteer, attend, a number of, look forward to　　 1．我很高兴得知你对孔子和中国文化很感兴趣。 I_am_glad_to_know_that_you_are_keen_on_Confucius_and_Chinese_culture. 2．孔子的思想对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。 Confucius's_ideas_have_a_great_impact_on_Chinese_culture. 3．孔子被认为是古代最伟大的教育家。 Confucius_is_considered_the_greatest_ancient_educator. 4．越来越多的外国人想学习中国文化。 An_increasing_number_of_foreigners_want_to_learn_Chinese_culture. 5．孔子学院在国外许多国家设立。 The_Confucius_Institutes_are_set_up_in_many_foreign_countries. 6．我是伦敦孔子学院的志愿者。 I_am_a_volunteer_working_in_the_Confucius_Institute_in_London. 7．我想邀请你来参观它。 I'd_like_to_invite_you_to_visit_it. 8．我们可以参加一些汉语班。 We_can_attend_some_Chinese_classes. 9．我们将会参加一些活动。 We_will_attend_some_activities. 10．我真诚地希望你能接受这个邀请。期望着你的回复。 I__sincerely_hope_that_you_will_accept_this_invitation._Looking_forward_to_your_reply. 第二步：量写够——语句扩充 11．在第 7 句中加入时间状语“在 11 月 6 日，星期六上午 8 点”。 I'd_like_to_invite_you_to_visit_it_at_8：00_am_on_Saturday,_November_6. 12．在第 8 句中加入修饰语“在参观期间”。 During_our_visit,_we_can_attend_some_Chinese_classes. 13．在第 9 句中加入修饰语“那之后”、“例如剪纸和中文书法”。 After_that,_we will_attend_some_activities_such_as_paper­cutting_and_Chinese_calligraphy. 第三步：语写美——词句升格 1．用定语从句合并第 2 句和第 3 句。 Confucius,_whose_ideas_have_a_great_impact_on_Chinese_culture,_is_considered_the_gre atest_ancient_educator. 2．用 as 状语从句合并第 4 句和第 5 句。 As_an_increasing_number_of_foreigners_want_to_learn_Chinese_culture,_the_Confucius_I nstitutes_are_set_up_in_many_foreign_countries. 3．用 since 原因状语从句合并第 6 句和第 11 句。 Since_I_am_a_volunteer_working_in_the_Confucius_Institute_in_London,_I'd_like_to_invi te_you_to_visit_it_at_8：00_am_on_Saturday,_November_6. 4．用非限制性定语从句合并第 12 句和第 13 句。 During_our_visit,_we_can_attend_some_Chinese_classes,_which_will_be_followed_by_so me_activities_such_as_paper­cutting_and_Chinese_calligraphy. 第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文 根据语句间的逻辑关系，可添加适当的过渡性词汇连句成文。 Dear Henry， I_am_glad_to_know_that_you_are_keen_on_Confucius_and_Chinese_culture._Confucius,_ whose_ideas_have_a_great_impact_on_Chinese_culture,_is_considered_the_greatest_ancient_ed ucator._As_an_increasing_number_of_foreigners_want_to_learn_Chinese_culture,_the_Confuciu s_Institutes_are_set_up_in_many_foreign_countries._ Since_I_am_a_volunteer_working_in_the_Confucius_Institute_in_London,_I'd_like_to_invi te_you_to_visit_it_at_8 ： 00_am_on_Saturday,_November_6.During_our_visit,_we_can_attend_some_Chinese_classes,_w hich_will_be_followed_by_some_activities_such_as_paper­cutting_and_Chinese_calligraphy._ I_sincerely_hope_that_you_will_accept_this_invitation._Looking_forward_to_your_reply._ Yours truly, Li Hua Ⅰ.单词拼写 1 ． Despite the variety of injuries, several principles ( 准 则 ) of first aid can apply to all emergencies. 2．Answering this question successfully shows you really think about it. It also shows you are a serious candidate for the position (职位)． 3．Last week, he stressed (强调) that students should live up to certain standards of behaviour. 4．It is very important to teach the children how to deal with others' kindness (善良) and rudeness. 5．The wild flowers looked like a soft (柔软的) orange blanket covering the desert. 6．Edison kept trying out some new ideas until he invented (发明) what he wanted. 7．Most air pollution is caused by the burning of fuels (燃料) like coal, gas and oil. 8．In my opinion, honesty (诚实) is the most important part of friendship. 9．Anyone, whether he is an official or a peasant, should be equally (平等地) respected. 10．Mary couldn't put up with the terrible working conditions in that factory and resigned (辞职) last week. Ⅱ.语境语法填空 1．Li Hua became ❶interested_(interest) in English when he began to learn it ❷for the first time. Now he has learned more than 3,000 English words, and once got the first prize in the English competition. I agree ❸with his opinion that interest is the best teacher. 2．He used to be proud ❶of his hometown, a beautiful village where he was born and ❷ brought (bring) up. Now his country is ❸at war with its neighboring country, so he has to leave his hometown for a living. Although he is a man with a sense of ❹responsibility (responsible), he is at a loss what to do for his hometown. 3．Tom holds ❶a senior position in a large company and he is equal ❷to his job. He always stresses the importance of honesty and order in the work. He makes such a great ❸contribution (contribute) that he becomes one of the ❹influential (influence) figures in the company. Ⅲ.语境改错 文中共有 5 处错误，每句中最多有两处，请找出并改正。 Li Hua was brought up in poor condition. Therefore, he thought he was a happy boy. The reason that he felt happy was his parents didn't scold but encourage him when his marks were below average. He was satisfied with the way which his parents treated and educated him. 答案：第一句：condition→conditions 第二句：Therefore→However 第三句：that→why; was 后加 that 第四句：which 前加 in 或 which→that Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子/句型转换 1．我请假三天的原因是我生病的母亲需要我的照顾。(The reason why ... is that ...) The_reason_why_I_asked_for_three_days_off_was_that my sick mother needed my care. 2．微信改变了我们的交友方式。(the way) WeChat has changed the_way_(that/in_which)_we_make_friends. 3．他的确喜欢听古典音乐。 (“do＋动词原形”强调谓语) He does_enjoy_listening_to classical music. 4．我们为自己感到骄傲，相信我们可以为一个更美好的世界做更多的事情。(be proud of) We_are_very_proud_of_ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world. 5．To conclude, I would like to thank everybody who helped me. →In_conclusion,_I would like to thank everybody who helped me. Ⅴ.短文填空 (Ⅰ)根据提示填空 The Song Dynasty (960－1279) is often ❶referred (refer) to as the Chinese Renaissance (文 艺 复 兴 ). For about three and a quarter ❷ centuries (century), under its rule, China enjoyed a period of economic growth with great artistic and intellectual ❸achievements (成就)． One of the most important ❹factors (factor) in the Song Renaissance was the printing press, which made for a rebirth of classical Confucian learning. By the 10th century, printers were producing a large number of ❺copies (copy) of the classical Confucian texts. With this increase in the production of books, education spread and became ❻widely (wide) available. Printing also had its greatest influence on the Chinese political system. In the Song Dynasty, government examinations became the most important way to political power in China. For almost 1,000 years, China ❼was_governed (govern) by men who had done very well in examinations. Thousands of students studied for the exams, and thousands of inexpensive books ❽ were_required (require). Without printing, such a system would not have been possible. (Ⅱ)片段选词填空 traditional， defeat， highly， fall， commit， situate， death， poet The Dragon Boat Festival has been marked by eating zongzi and racing dragon boats for thousands of years. It ❶falls on the fifth day of the fifth month according to the Chinese lunar calendar in honor of Qu Yuan, who is said to have ❷committed suicide by drowning himself. Qu was minister of the state of Chu ❸situated in the present­day Hunan and Hebei provinces during the Warring States period. He was upright, loyal and ❹highly respected. However, he was fired from office due to his suggestion to fight against Qin in cooperation with other states. During his stay in other states, he wrote many poems to express his strong love for his country. When Chu ❺was_defeated by Qin. He realized what he could do about it was nothing. Qu jumped into Miluo River on the fifth day of the fifth month. After the ❻death of Qu Yuan, people of Chu went to Miluo River to mourn (悼念) over the great ❼poet they loved so much. People threw eggs and rice wrapped in leaves into the river to feed the fish to keep them away from Qu Yuan. Now the Dragon Boat Festival has become a ❽ traditional festival for the Chinese people. 一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心 Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空 1．(2017·江苏高考) Leaving aside the birth rate issue, India's economy may take off when the country achieves equality (equal) of educational opportunity. 2．(2017·江苏高考) We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions (condition)． 3．(2017·北京高考)There is an emergency shelter in Winnipeg called “Hannah's Place”， something that Hannah is very proud of. 4．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) If you feel stressed (stress) by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance. 5．(2016·全国卷Ⅱ) One morning, I had to book an immediate flight home for a family emergency. I ran into Rani's office for the first time. 6．(2015·重庆高考)Only in this way can we make a great contribution (contribute) to our family and our society. Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空 (选用 equal, order, condition 填空) 1．(2015·浙江高考完形填空)They made reservations at restaurants where the cost of a bottle of wine __25__ a college year's monthly rent.They replaced their beloved old cars with expensive new sports cars.equaled 2．(2013·陕西高考完形填空)To celebrate the end of our exams, my friends and I went to a fast food restaurant.We __26__ hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter.ordered 3．(2013·北京高考完形填空)Though learning gymnastics has been more difficult for her than for some of her teammates, she has never quit.She doesn't let her __43__ stop her from doing anything that she wants to.condition 二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度 新高考下的命题新视角：回顾历史，你一定能够想起一些伟大的历史人物与古代发明， 它们在推动历史的发展进程中产生了极其深远的影响。这些闪耀的伟大人物在政治、经济等 各方面都做出了不可磨灭的贡献，中国古代的四大发明更是人类文明进步的象征，在人类科 学文化史上留下了灿烂的一页。高考以此为素材进行命题，可以提高我们对历史的了解并增 强爱国情操。 [话题感悟] 学习目标1 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深 ( 加蓝词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法) [1]The history of Teachers' Day traces back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC － 220 AD). According to the record, during the Han and Jin dynasties, on August 27 each year, the birthday of Confucius, the emperor would go to the Confucius' temple and pay tribute ( 敬 意 ) to the ancient philosopher followed by court officials, and would also invite royal teachers to the imperial court for a banquet. On this day, teachers around the nation enjoyed a day's vacation and were given dried meat as gifts. [2]The capital, all states and counties would also hold ceremonies to worship Confucius. Excellent performing teachers would be chosen from academies and learning institutions nationwide, reporting to the royal court and given 500 liang (两) silver coins as awards. [3]Until the Qing Dynasty, the ceremony, on August 27, was of a larger scale. The teachers' salaries in schools and academies around the nation were raised, and well­performing teachers would be awarded official titles or promoted to higher positions. [4]Normally, an ancient teacher's income included salary, accommodation and festival gifts. There was no fixed tuition fee. Generally the parents paid teachers according to their household income. Both money and basic foodstuff could be paid in exchange for tuition. [5]In private schools, teachers always received money or gifts from the host family at certain festivals or at the beginning and end of each semester. [6]The festivals in which teachers received gifts varied from region to region, while the most valued ones were the Duanwu, Mid­Autumn and Chinese New Year festivals, as well as Confucius' birthday and the private tutor's birthday. [7]Among all the gift­giving festivals, the first meeting gift was a must. When students met their private tutors for the first time, they had to kneel down to Confucius' spirit tablet and then to their private tutors, before presenting a “gift”． 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国教师节的历史，包括其由来、礼仪等。 1．The passage mainly talks about ________. A．the teachers in ancient China B．the Teachers' Day in ancient China C．the teachers' high positions in ancient China D．the teachers' salaries in ancient China 解析：选 B　主旨大意题。根据全文大意可知，本文主要讲了中国教师节的历史，包括 其由来、礼仪等。所以选 B。 2．How long has the Teachers' Day been in China? A．1,500－2,500 years.　 B．2,000－3,000 years. C．3,000－4,000 years. D．4,000－5,000 years. 解析：选 A　细节理解题。根据第一段的第一句“The history of Teachers' Day traces back to the Han Dynasty (206 BC－220 AD)．”可知，应选 A。 3．What is the special gift for the teachers on the Teachers' Day during the Han and Jin dynasties? A．A higher position. B．A day free. C．500 liang silver coins. D．Days' vacation. 解析：选 B　细节理解题。根据第一段的最后一句“On this day, teachers around the nation enjoyed a day's vacation and were given dried meat as gifts.”可知，在教师节这一天，全国的教 师都可以休假一天，并且得到肉干作为礼物。 4．What's the main idea of the last four paragraphs? A．Where teachers could get gifts in ancient China. B．Why teachers got gifts in ancient China. C．How teachers were presented with gifts in ancient China. D．When teachers received gifts in ancient China. 解析：选 C　段落大意题。文章后四段主要介绍了教师收学生礼物的情况，在哪些时间 和场合收礼。A、D 两项都只提到一方面，应排除。B 项文章未提及。 学习目标2 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透 细节理解技法(4)——三步巧解数据计算题 数据计算题通常由文章中的数字信息构成。题目所涉及的信息通常是时间的长短、年龄 的大小、数量或价格的多少等等。此类试题往往要通过文章中两个或两个以上的数字进行运 算或对比才能得出答案。有些数字信息在文章中的位置相对集中，而很多时候它们的位置比 较分散。以下三步常常为解决数据计算题的通用方法： ①分析题干内容，定位所询问数据在文章中的位置； ②分析文章数字信息，查找逻辑关系； ③对数据进行必要的运算及单位换算。 以上文中的第 2 题为例： Ⅰ.阅读理解 Called “the man who shaped America” and “the father of modern industrial design” ， Raymond Loewy must be one of the most influential designers of all time. He revolutionized the industry, working as an adviser for more than 200 companies and creating designs for everything from packaging to refrigerators, from cars to the insides of spaceships. Loewy's designs all had one thing in common. They were shaped by the MAYA principle — Most Advanced Yet Acceptable. His idea was that people will not accept solutions to design problems if the solutions are too different from current designs. Loewy started his career in industrial design in 1929 by re­designing a copying machine for the British manufacturer, Sigmund Gestetner. The 28­year­old designer completed the task in three days and the design of the machine lasted for the next 40 years. The Gestetner copying machine was the beginning of many designs which used streamlining (流线型). He described this as “beauty through function and simplification”. He spent the next 50 years streamlining everything from postage stamps and company logos (商标) to the insides of stores. The famous Greyhound bus and Studebaker car show his use of streamlining in action. He is perhaps most famous for his re­design of the Lucky Strike packaging. In 1940, the President of the Lucky Strike Manufacturing Company, George Washington Hill, bet Loewy $50,000 that he could not improve the appearance of the green and red Lucky Strike packets. Loewy accepted the challenge. He changed the background of the packet from green to white. Then he put the red lucky strike target on both sides of the packet. This made it more eye­catching and greatly increased sales. It is now recognized as a design classic. Loewy's logo design aimed at “visual retention (视觉保持)”. He wanted to make sure that anyone who saw the logo, even for a short while, would never forget it. He designed many highly visible logos for famous companies such as Shell Oil, Exxon, Greyhound and Nabisco. By the mid 20th century, his industrial design firm was so famous that he could say “the average person, leading a normal life ... is bound to be in daily contact with some of the things, services or structures” designed by his firm. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了 20 世纪最著名的美国工业设计师之一 与美国工业设计奠基人雷蒙德·洛威。 1．Loewy's biggest influence was in ________. A．completely changing the design industry B．successfully shaping Americans' taste C．changing people's idea about design D．building a professional design team 解析：选 A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“the father of modern industrial design”和“one of the most influential designers of all time”以及“He revolutionized the industry”可知，雷蒙德·洛 威完全改变了设计行业。 2．Loewy's designs were based on the idea of ________. A．speeding up the design process B．providing completely different designs C．providing most immediately recognizable designs D．offering original but not revolutionary answers to problems 解析：选 D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，洛威的设计都基于一个原则：最先进的但 仍可接受的。 3．Loewy first used streamlining ________. A．in his re­design of the Lucky Strike packaging B．when he designed a company logo for the Gestetner C．when he re­designed a copying machine for Gestetner D．in his design for the Greyhound bus and Studebaker car 解析：选 C　细节理解题。根据第三段及第四段中的“The Gestetner copying machine was the beginning of many designs which used streamlining (流线型)．”可知，洛威受委托为一位 企业家 Sigmund Gestetner 重新设计复印机时，他首次采用“流线型”的设计理念。 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Loewy provided service to ordinary people. B．Loewy's designs were famous and influential. C．Loewy's design firms existed all over the world. D．Loewy was welcomed and respected by the public. 解析：选 B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，一个普通人每日都会接触雷蒙德·洛威 公司的设计作品，由此可推知，雷蒙德·洛威公司的设计作品非常著名，而且极富影响力。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2019· 南 宁 模 拟 )Everyone knows how important trees are to the well­being of the earth.__1__ By providing shade for people to enjoy time outside, trees can shade our homes to keep them cooler in the summertime.They can hide unsightly (不美观的) views, reduce noise from nearby roads, and serve as windbreaks.Many types also produce flowers and fruit.These tall plants simply make our homes and neighborhoods more attractive. Choosing Trees __2__ Planting a tree is a long­term project.Large shade varieties, especially, take a long time to grow.And once planted, they are difficult to move.Trees can also be a significant financial investment, so it's important to choose wisely. __3__ You may not have room to grow all the types you want to try.So take the time to choose a plant you like that also will grow well in the conditions you can provide.Trees vary widely in their need for space, light, and soil conditions. Care Once you've made a choice, you'll need to prepare your site for planting.You may need to clear the area of other vegetation and improve the soil with organic matter such as fertilizer and nutrients.If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read “ How to Plant a Tree”．__4__ Providing proper care after it's planted is also important.__5__Feed regularly, water deeply, and prune (修剪) them carefully, so they become strong and healthy.Mature plants usually don't need to be watered or fertilized. A．They also provide homes for wildlife. B．Your success depends on proper planting. C．Many yards have space for only a few large plants. D．Young plants should be babied for the first few years. E．They develop large root systems and can grow by themselves. F．When you are planting trees, it's wise to plan your selections carefully. G．But do you know there are also many advantages of growing them in your own yard? 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了种树的一些注意事项。 1．选 G　空前讲述的是树对地球的重要性，空后讲述的是树给人们及其住所提供的诸 多好处，前后意思上存在转折，故选 G。 2．选 F　该部分的主题为 Choosing Trees，主要讲述的是要谨慎地选择所种的树，故 选 F。下文中的“so it's important to choose wisely”亦是提示。 3．选 C　根据空后内容可知，你可能没有足够的空间来种所有你想种的树，所以要选 择能在你所能提供的条件中良好生长的树。空后内容围绕“空间”展开，故选 C。 4．选 B　根据空前一句“If you plant a tree yourself, carefully follow the instructions given by the nursery or read ‘How to Plant a Tree’．”可知，自己种树时遵循指南很重要，空处承 接上文，故选 B。 5．选 D　空前一句讲的是种好树后适当的照料很重要，空后一句叙述了具体的照料方 法，空处连接上下文；末句中的“Mature plants”与此处形成对比，由此可推断空处讲的是对 未成熟的植株的照料需要花一段时间，故选 D。 Ⅲ.短文改错 (2019· 重 庆 模 拟 )Will our parents check our homework? Not really.Since having already growing up, we can't act like little baby and rely on our parents all the time. When I was in Grade Three, my parents asked us to check my homework by myself.I don't know what to do in that time, so I cried.After that, I got used to correct my own homework and became more independent. Check homework by ourselves is very good habit.It can not only help us find mistakes in exams more easy but also let our parents worry less about our studies.Because parents will leave us some day, so we should learn to do everything by ourselves. 答案：第三句：growing→grown; baby→babies 第四句：us→me 第五句：don't→didn't; in→at 第六句：correct→correcting 第七句：Check→Checking; is 后加 a 第八句：easy→easily 第九句：去掉 so