【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习巩固训练：专题4语法填空和短文改错1重点4 4页

第一编　专题四　第1讲　重点四 提分单句训练 Ⅰ. 单句填空 ‎❶　(2018·北京东城区二模)Nobody can go back and start a new beginning， __but__ anyone can start now and make a new ending. ‎ 解析：考查连词。空格前的句意为“没有人可以回到过去重新开始”，空格后的句意为“谁都可以从现在开始做个新的结束”，所以前后句是转折的关系，故填but。‎ ‎❷　(2018·天津)Kae， __whose__ sister I shared a room with when we were at college，has gone to work in Australia. ‎ 解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate，在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。‎ 练有小得：分析定语从句需抓住两点：1. 找准先行词；2. 看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。‎ ‎❸　(2018·合肥三模)The ninth day of the ninth month is the day that has two “yang” numbers，and “chong” in Chinese means double，which is __how__ the name “Chongyang” came into being. ‎ 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：这就是重阳这个名字如何形成的。 ________ the name “Chongyang” came into being在句中作表语，从句中缺少方式状语，故用how引导宾语从句。‎ ‎❹　(2018·威海二模)As a local saying goes： “If you cannot find someone，he or she is either playing mahjong __or__ on the way to play mahjong. ”‎ 解析：考查连词。根据设空前的提示词either可知该处填or。either. . . or. . . “或者……或者……”。‎ ‎❺　(2018·天津)The gold medal will be awarded to __whoever__ wins the first place in the bicycle race. ‎ 解析：考查名词性从句连接词。句意：无论谁获得自行车比赛第一名，金牌将授予他。分析句子可知，宾语从句中缺少主语，故用whoever，表示“任何人，无论谁”。‎ ‎❻　Agatha didn’t tell me __when__ she would pick up her son from school. ‎ 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：Agatha没有告诉我她什么时候去学校接她儿子。本题的从句属于tell后的宾语从句，从句中主谓宾和地点状语都有，应使用表示时间的连接副词when。‎ ‎❼　(2018·北京西城区二模)I gave some money to John， __whose__ house was destroyed in the flood. ‎ 解析：考查定语从句。句意：我给了约翰一些钱，他的房子在洪水中被毁了。定语从句先行词是John，指人，从句中house前缺少定语，故用关系代词whose引导定语从句。‎ ‎❽　(2018·芜湖三模)Guests should not start to eat __until/before__ the host says，“Please enjoy yourself” or something like that. ‎ 解析：考查状语从句。句意：直到主人说“请享用吧”或其他类似的话客人才能开始吃饭。或在主人说“请享用吧”或其他类似的话之前客人不能开始吃饭。根据句意可知该处用until或before引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎❾　(2018·榆林二模)Some of them let these dreams die， __but/while__ others protect them and take care of them through bad days. ‎ 解析：考查连词。设空前一句“有些人让梦想死去”和设空后一句“其他人保护他们并在苦难的日子里呵护自己的梦想”是转折关系或对比关系，故用while或but。‎ 　I really enjoy listening to music， __because/for__ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day. ‎ 解析：句意：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为音乐有助于我放松，让我忘记一天中的其他忧愁。空格前后两句是因果关系，故用because或for。‎ 　What surprised us most is that he doesn’t know __where__ the differences between the two books lie. ‎ 解析：考查宾语从句。句意：最让我们惊讶的是他不知道两本书有什么区别。及物动词know后引导宾语从句，从句中缺少地点状语。故用where引导宾语从句。‎ 　(2018·遂宁二模)In ancient China，people would pray the dragon god beside a river __or__ a lake for the precious spring rains to breed their crops. ‎ 解析：考查连词。设空前后的a river和a lake是选择关系，故用连词or。‎ 　The task will not be fulfilled __unless__ we get help from other teams. ‎ 解析：考查状语从句。句意：除非我们得到其他队的帮助否则这项任务不会圆满完成。主从句是逻辑上的条件关系，故用unless“如果不；除非”引导条件状语从句。‎ 　The only point __that__ you need to know when you drink tea is that it should not be drunk along with meals. ‎ 解析：考查定语从句。句意：你需要记住的唯一一点是喝茶的时间是不要吃饭时饮茶。定语从句先行词是point，指物，且由only修饰，从句中缺少宾语，只能用关系代词that引导定语从句。‎ 　(2018·临汾三模)All the competitors， __whether__ students or adults，have a strong interest in Chinese poetry. ‎ 解析：‎ 考查连词。句意：所有的选手，无论是学生还是成人，都对中国诗歌有浓厚的兴趣。whether. . . or. . . “无论……还是……”。‎ Ⅱ. 单句改错 ‎❶　It is well known Confucius was born in the city of Qufu in Shandong Province，China. __known后加that__ ‎ 解析：考查名词性从句。句意：众所周知，孔子出生在中国山东省的曲阜市。本题中it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。‎ ‎❷　The store I bought my textbooks is having a sale this week. ‎ ‎ __store后加where__ ‎ 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在我买课本的那个商店这周要进行大甩卖。先行词store表示地点，且从句I bought my textbooks结构完整，故用关系副词where修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。‎ ‎❸　In spite of these difficulties we meet in learning English，but I believe practice makes perfect. __去掉but__ ‎ 解析：句意：尽管在学习英语的过程中会遇到这些困难，但是我相信熟能生巧。in spite of“尽管”，引导名词短语作状语，不能与but连用。but是表转折的并列连词，应连接两个并列成分。‎ ‎❹　The next day，he gave us a reason that he failed to attend the important meeting. __that→why__ ‎ 解析：考查定语从句。句意：第二天他给了他们一个他没能出席重要会议的理由。定语从句先行词是reason，表原因，从句中缺少原因状语，故用关系副词why引导定语从句。‎ ‎❺　(2018·黄山二模)It’s the first meal you eat in the day，no matter whenever it is. __whenever→when__ ‎ 解析：考查状语从句。no matter when相当于whenever，引导时间状语从句。‎ 增分写作训练 利用从句可以使作文句式灵活多变，使句子生动，请按要求利用三大从句升级以下句式 ‎❶　We are delighted to accept the invitation to play a friendly table tennis match，and it will no doubt strengthen our friendship. (利用非限制性定语从句升级)‎ ‎ __We are delighted to accept the invitation to play a friendly table tennis match， which will no doubt strengthen our friendship. __ ‎ ‎❷　My classmates and I often noticed shared bikes were placed very messily everywhere，so we felt upset and decided to do something. (利用so. . . that. . . 引导状语从句升级)‎ ‎ __My classmates and I often noticed shared bikes were placed so messily everywhere that we felt__upset and decided to do something. __ ‎ ‎❸　We know that it is one of the most significant festivals for us in Chinese culture. ‎ ‎① __It is known that it is one of the most significant__festivals__for us in Chinese culture. __ (利用主语从句升级)‎ ‎② __What is known is that it is one of the most significant festivals for us in Chinese culture. __ (利用主语从句及表语从句升级)‎ ‎③ __As is known to us， it is one of the most significant__festivals__for__us__in__Chinese culture. __ (利用非限制性定语从句升级)‎