【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习强化训练：专题4语法填空和短文改错2 9页

第一编　专题四　第2讲　‎ 真题题组 ‎1‎ ‎(2017·全国Ⅰ)‎ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界) __1. as__ a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side __2. effects__ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. ‎ Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required __3. to process__ (process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt __4. are removed__ (remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something. As __5. a__ result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even __6. worse__ (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food __7. is__ (be) full of fat and salt； by __8. eating__ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. ‎ Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However，be __9. careful__ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both， __10. which__ is not good for the health. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一种低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们健康的影响。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”，所以填as，意为“作为”。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故用名词复数形式effects。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth. 为固定用法。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，此处亦应用一般现在时；又fat and salt是动词remove的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填are removed。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查冠词。as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。‎ ‎❻　解析：考查比较级。短语even worse意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故用worse。‎ ‎❼　解析：‎ 考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为fast food，故填is。‎ ‎❽　解析：考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填eating。‎ ‎❾　解析：考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。‎ 　解析：考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。‎ ‎2‎ ‎(2016·全国Ⅰ)‎ Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asia’s biggest building，and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me，pandas are its top __1. attraction__ (attract). ‎ So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not－for－profit Panda Base，where ticket money helps pay for research，I __2. was allowed__ (allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600－acre centre. From tomorrow，I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __3. officially__ (official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back __4. to__ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s， __5. when__ I was the first Western TV reporter __6. permitted__ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include __7. introducing__ (introduce) British visitors to the 120－plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia. ‎ On my recent visit，I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by __8. its__ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __9. days__ (day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed， __10. the__ other is with mum—she never suspects. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的成都之旅及其与大熊猫之间的故事。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查词性转换。但对于像我一样的游客，熊猫是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词top可知此处应该填动词attract的名词形式attraction，意为“向往之地，有吸引力的事”。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，主语I与动词allow之间存在被动关系，且前一句的“was”表明此处应用一般过去时，故填was allowed。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词，所以填officially。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查介词。go back to是固定搭配，意为“追溯到”。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。‎ ‎❻　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，permit与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，故填过去分词permitted作后置定语，相当于that/who was permitted。‎ ‎❼　解析：考查非谓语动词。动词include后需跟动名词作宾语，所以此空填introducing。‎ ‎❽　解析：考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知，此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎❾　解析：考查名词。由few修饰可数名词复数可知，此空填days。every few days是“每隔几天”的意思。‎ 　解析：考查冠词。这里考查的是one. . . the other. . . 这一固定搭配，意为“一个……另一个……”。‎ ‎3‎ ‎(2017·浙江卷)‎ Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small __1. carrots__ (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer，and she noticed a __2. shiny/shining__ (shine) object. Yes，there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long－lost wedding ring. ‎ Pahlsson screamed __3. so__ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt __4. myself__ (I)，”says Pahlsson. ‎ Sixteen years __5. earlier__ (early)，Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring __6. to cook__ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later，it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten，eight，and six—had picked it up，but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband __7. searched__ (search) the kitchen，checking every corner，but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it. ‎ Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got __8. swept__ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden， __9. where__ it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson，its return was __10. a__ wonder. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。丢失多年的钻戒竟然在主人打理花园时不经意地出现了。这多么令人激动啊！‎ ‎❶　解析：考查名词复数。a handful of一把，几个，后接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carrots几个胡萝卜。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。空格处修饰名词object，故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny或shining，意为“闪闪发光的”。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，so与后面的that构成句型so. . . that. . . ，意为“如此……以至于……”。so修饰副词loudly。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查反身代词。句意为“她原本以为我伤到了自己”。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查副词的比较级。sixteen years earlier意为“早在16年前”。‎ ‎❻　解析：考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。莉娜当时摘掉钻戒的目的是做饭，故用动词不定式表目的。‎ ‎❼　解析：考查时态。该句中but后的turned up使用了过去式，search是与之并列的谓语动词，故也应使用过去式。‎ ‎❽　解析：考查get done结构。get swept“被扫掉”。‎ ‎❾　解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the garden，且从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。‎ 　解析：考查冠词。a wonder一个奇迹。‎ ‎4‎ ‎(2015·全国Ⅰ)‎ Yangshuo，China It was raining lightly when I __1. arrived__ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours __2. before/earlier__ ，I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with __3. its__ (it) choking smog. Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain. ‎ I’d skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River __4. that/which__ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese __5. paintings__ (painting). Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away __6. by__ car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city. ‎ Yangshuo __7. is__ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers __8. conducted__ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it __9. regularly__ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people __10. living__ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者到中国阳朔游玩的经历和感受。‎ ‎❶　解析：句意：就在天亮之前我到了阳朔，天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。‎ ‎❷　解析：句意：几个小时前，我还在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago。‎ ‎❸　解析：句意：带着窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its。‎ ‎❹　解析：句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。考查定语从句。先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。‎ ‎❺　解析：句意：在如此多的中国绘画中。painting为可数名词，注意用复数形式。‎ ‎❻　解析：句意：乘汽车只需要1个小时。by car乘汽车。‎ ‎❼　解析：句意：阳朔真的很漂亮。这里用一般现在时。 ‎ ‎❽　解析：句意：一项网站所进行的调查。过去分词作后置定语，表示被动关系。‎ ‎❾　解析：句意：定期为人们安排这里适合旅行的地方。用副词修饰动词。‎ 　解析：句意：住在上海和香港的人们。现在分词作后置定语。‎ 模拟题组 ‎1‎ ‎(2018·洛阳市一模)‎ The Palace Museum，known as the Forbidden City，is the __1. largest__ (large) and most well __2. reserved__ (reserve) imperial(皇帝的) residence in China today. It is divided into an outer and an inner court with a rectangular shape,961 meters long from north to south and 753 meters in __3. width__ (wide) from east to west. It has a splendid history since the Ming Dynasty，and it __4. was rebuilt__ (rebuild) and repaired many times in the past. I was so excited to visit it __5. with__ my family last summer vacation. After we passed through the Front Gate，a lot of palaces appeared. The tour guide told us there were almost 8,700 rooms in the Palace Museum. During the Ming Dynasty，construction began in 1406. __6. It__ took 14 years to build the Forbidden City. I was __7. really__ (real) surprised that the workers could build it so well __8. that__ even today it is not out of style. I could not remember all the names of the buildings，but I took hundreds of beautiful __9. photos__ (photo) on the way. I think I will never forget the __10. amazing__ (amaze) trip I had in Beijing，China and I can go there next time with my friends. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者作为游客介绍了自己的故宫之行，并表达了自己对这次行程难以忘怀的心情以及希望和朋友再次参观的愿望。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查形容词最高级。被称为紫禁城的故宫是中国现存最大、保存最完整的皇家宫殿。根据空前的“the”及空后的“and most”可知，此处应用形容词最高级形式。故用large的最高级largest。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查非谓语动词。reserve和它所修饰的名词residence之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，此处表示“保存最完整的”，故应用过去分词reserved作定语。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查词性转换。in是介词，故应用名词width。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。rebuild和主语it之间是被动关系；根据时间状语in the past可知，此处应用一般过去时，故应填was rebuilt。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查介词。和家人一块儿参观故宫使作者感觉很兴奋。表示“和……一起”应用介词with。‎ ‎❻　解析：考查固定句型。“It takes sb. time to do sth. ”为固定句型，意为“花费某人多长时间做某事”，故此处应用It作形式主语。‎ ‎❼　解析：考查副词。此处修饰形容词surprised，应用副词，故用really。‎ ‎❽　解析：考查连词。工人们将它建得如此好以至于现在它仍然没有过时。so. . . that. . . “如此……以至于……”为固定结构，其中that为连词，引导从句，故此处应用that。‎ ‎❾　解析：考查名词复数。hundreds of后面用可数名词复数形式，故用photos。‎ 　解析：考查形容词。trip是名词，表事物，应该用形容词修饰，故用amazing“令人惊奇的”。‎ ‎2‎ ‎(2018·山西省八校第一次联考)‎ A group of students ranging from Years 9 to 13 are benefiting from a schedule which is run by the Confucius Institute (孔子学院) at Newcastle University，which aims __1. to build__ (build) closer academic，cultural and social ties between China and the North East of England. ‎ Staff at the institute work __2. patiently__ (patient) with schools and the other day the pupils took part in weekly after－school sessions with teacher Qiang Xingdi __3. who/that__ gave them an introduction to the Chinese language and culture. ‎ Already the pupils __4. have been awarded__ (award) certificates of achievement from the institute. They are making rapid progress in learning Chinese now. Adam said，“I have always had an interest __5. in__ Chinese culture and this course has been a great way to teach me all about it. ”‎ Confucius Institutes are worldwide non－profit public institutions __6. designed__ (design) by the Chinese government to promote its language and culture through teaching __7. plans__ (plan) and cultural exchanges. ‎ The Confucius Institute at the university was set up in 2013，and it is __8. the__ first one in the North East. ‎ Student Voice __9. said__ (say) East week，“Many thanks to the Confucius Institute at Newcastle University for helping to arrange such a memorable experience for the students and Qiang Xingdi for her weekly enthusiasm，which has certainly made a significant __10. impression__ (impress) on them. ”‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍英国纽卡斯尔大学孔子学院课程开设以及学生学习汉语及中国文化的现状。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth. 表示“打算做某事”。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查副词。根据语境可知，此处应使用副词修饰动词。patiently“耐心地”。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为teacher Qiang Xingdi，表示人，且定语从句缺主语，故用who或that。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查时态和语态。根据Already可知此处用现在完成时，又因动词award与the pupils为被动关系，表示学生被授予证书，故用现在完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查介词。have an interest in“对……感兴趣”，是固定搭配。‎ ‎❻　解析：考查非谓语动词。本句中已有谓语动词are，故空处应为非谓语动词，又因design与其逻辑主语为动宾关系，故应填过去分词designed。‎ ‎❼　解析：考查名词复数。根据空后的并列名词短语“cultural exchanges”可知此处应填名词，plan是可数名词，其前没有限定词，故应用plan的复数形式。‎ ‎❽　解析：考查冠词。序数词常与定冠词the搭配使用，故本空填the。‎ ‎❾　解析：考查时态。根据时间状语“last week”可知，此空应填said。‎ 　解析：考查名词。根据空前的“a significant”可知，空处应用所给词的名词形式，且用单数。‎ ‎3‎ ‎(2018·郑州一模)‎ I lost my last debate in the recent National High School Academic Debate & Speech Tournament held in Shanghai. But instead of focusing on my __1. failure__ (fail)，I stopped to reflect on my experiences in the past few years __2. as__ a debater. ‎ In general，preparing for new debate topics usually __3. includes__ (include) brainstorming arguments，researching a resolution (解决)，and doing debate practice. So if you spot a debating group，you might see us sitting together after school，or even all day at weekends，discussing arguments and researching evidence. You might also notice us arguing __4. fiercely__ (fierce) anywhere we can. ‎ Not only are they supportive，but my debate friends also have similar passions and interests to mine. As we discuss debate topics，my fellow debaters and I can talk about anything，from __5. the__ best way of rehabilitating (改造) criminals to the negative points of free immigration policies. However，our discussions are more than just a way __6. to practice__ (practice)our debating skills. In my mind，they help us to become calm and consider __7. winning__ (win) and solving real problems as well. ‎ To me，the debating community is a great place __8. where__ people help each other not only because they’re interested in a higher cause，but because they care about how people from different __9. backgrounds__ (background) can lead better lives. I’m grateful to each of my debate friends and every single minute we got to spend together. Indeed，my high school life would be incomplete without them. So even though I __10. was defeated__ (defeat) in my last debate，I’m still thankful for being part of my wonderful debate family. ‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者虽然在一次辩论赛中失败了，但停下来反思过去几年作为一名辩论手的经历，作者依然觉得获益匪浅。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的形容词性物主代词my可知，此处应用名词，故填fail的名词形式failure。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查介词。但“我”并没有把注意力集中到自己的失败上，而是停下来反思过去几年自己作为一名辩手的经历。根据句意可知此处用介词as，表示“作为”。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查主谓一致。本句中主语为preparing for new debate topics，是动名词短语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查词性转换。你也有可能注意到在任何我们能辩论的地方我们都在激烈地论证。空处修饰arguing，应用副词。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查冠词。形容词的最高级前要用定冠词the，故此处应填the。‎ ‎❻　解析：考查非谓语动词。然而，我们的讨论不仅仅是练习我们辩论技巧的一种方法。此处to do形式作定语。‎ ‎❼　解析：考查非谓语动词。在“我”看来，它们有助于我们变得镇静，也帮助我们考虑赢得辩论比赛和解决真正的问题。动词consider“考虑”后跟动词－ing形式作宾语。‎ ‎❽　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，先行词为place，故用where ‎❾　解析：考查名词单复数。因此他们关心的是来自不同背景的人如何能过上更好的生活。back ground作“出身，个人背景”讲时为可数名词，空前有different修饰，故此处应用其复数形式。‎ 　解析：考查时态和语态。因此，尽管在上次的辩论中“我”被击败了，但“我”仍然感谢自己是非常棒的辩论家族的一员：根据句意可知此处用被动语态，且此处描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎4‎ ‎(2018·河北省高三第二次考试)‎ As you know，science plays __1. a__ very important role in our education. Do you want to keep up __2. with__ the latest research and discoveries in science？ There are many good websites __3. where__ you can check out the latest in the science world. ‎ One great site is Science News for Kids. This site reports science news __4. covering__ (cover) a wide range of subjects. The articles are intended for younger readers，but adults will find this site __5. suitable__ (suit) for them as well. Another wonderful site，one that I check out every day， __6. is called__ (call) Science Daily. The site is __7. constantly__ (constant) updated with news，often about exciting __8. findings__ (finding) that change how we view the world. ‎ These sites post the latest stories and also keep all the past articles they __9. posted__ (post) earlier. That way you can find articles just about anything that __10. is__ (be) related to the science fields you are interested in. ‎ 文章大意：众所周知，科学在我们的教育中充当了一个很重要的角色。文章向我们介绍了几个方便查询最新科技信息的网站。‎ ‎❶　解析：考查冠词。play an important role in. . . 为固定搭配，意为“在……中扮演重要角色(发挥重要作用)”，因为空后有发音以辅音音素开头的very，故填冠词a。‎ ‎❷　解析：考查介词。你想跟上科技的最新研究和发现吗？keep up with为固定结构，意为”跟上，不落在……后面”。‎ ‎❸　解析：考查定语从句。先行词为websites，空处在从句中作地点状语，所以用where，相当于on which。‎ ‎❹　解析：考查非谓语动词。提示词为动词，该句中已经有谓语动词(reports)，提示词cover和其所修饰的名词news之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用cover的v. ‎ ‎－ing形式作后置定语，在此相当于which covers。‎ ‎❺　解析：考查形容词。这里构成“find＋宾语＋形容词(宾补)”结构，所以用suit的形容词形式。‎ ‎❻　解析：考查语态和时态。另一个“我”每天查看的精彩的网站被称作Science Daily。one that I check out every day是主语Another wonderful site的同位语，且主语和call构成被动关系，再结合全文的时态，确定此处用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ ‎❼　解析：考查副词。修饰动词updated，作状语，故用副词。‎ ‎❽　解析：考查名词的数。finding为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且定语从句中谓语动词为“change”，为复数概念，所以应用复数形式。‎ ‎❾　解析：考查动词的时态。这里指的是the past articles(以前的文章)，也就是说是以前发布的，所以用一般过去时。‎ 　解析：考查主谓一致。关系代词that指代的是先行词anything，并在从句中作主语，再结合全文的时态可知，应填is。 ‎