2021届高三英语外研版一轮总复习教师用书：必修4 Module 6 19页

Module 6 Unexplained Mysteries of the Natural World (主题语境——人与自然之宇宙探索：地球探索) 一、自然地貌 1．stream n. 溪流 2．pond n. 池塘 3．bay n. 海湾 4．port n. 港口 5．strait n. 海峡 6．wetland n. 湿地；沼泽地 7．oasis n. (沙漠中的)绿洲 8．jungle n. 丛林，密林 9．canyon n. 峡谷 10．glacier n. 冰川 11．cave n. 洞穴 12．continent n. 大陆，洲 13．plain n. 平原 二、生物保护 1．endangered adj. 濒临灭绝的 2．humane adj. 人道的 3．extinction n. 灭绝；消亡 4．survive v. 幸存 5．evolution n. 演变；进化论 6．coexistence n．共存 7．ecology n. 生态学 8．habitat n. 栖息地 9．reserve n. 保护区 10．species n. 种类；物种 11．flock vi. 聚集；成群而行 1．be native to 原产于…… 2．take measures 采取措施 3．dozens of 许多 4．run after 追逐 5．belong to 属于 6．be linked to 与……有联系 7．result in 导致 8．be similar to 与……相似 9．search for 寻找 10．in danger 处于危险中 11．a great deal of 许多 12．take place 发生 13．a chain of 一串 14．over the past several decades 在过去的几十年里 1．The Yeti is said to be a large, hairy animal that walks on two feet like a human being. 据说雪人是体形很大多毛的动物， 像人一样直立行走。 2．In fact, so little do we know about the universe that we are not even aware how it came into being. 事实上，我们对宇宙知之甚少，甚至不知道它是如何形成的。 3．We'll try to get as close as possible to the animals, even though they are dangerous, so that we can take some really good photographs. 即使它们很危险，我们会尽量靠近这些动物，这样我们就能拍到 一些非常好的照片。 单词巧练 写准并记牢 Ⅰ.识记单词 (一)会其形 1．claim vt. 声称 2.surface n. 表面；水面 3．cover vt. 占地(多大面积)；覆盖；足够支付；行走(一段路程)， 报道 n. 封皮 4．reputation n. 名誉；名声 5.mysterious adj. 神秘的 (二)知其意 1．monster n. 怪物 2.footprint n. 脚印；足迹 3．creature n. 动物；生物 4.grey adj. 灰色的 5．claw n. 爪 6.nail n. (手、脚的)指甲；爪 7．journal n. 杂志；学报；期刊 8.sighting n. (珍奇动物等的)目击； 发现 9．seal n. 海豹 10.volcanic adj. 火山的 11．sceptical adj. 怀疑的；不相信的 12.unpredictable adj. 变化莫 测的 13．border n. 边境；国界 14.myth n. 神话；神话故事 Ⅱ.拓展单词 1．attack vt.& n. 袭击；攻击→attacker n. 攻击者 2．frightening adj. 吓人的→frightened adj. 受惊吓的→frighten v. 使惊恐；恐吓→fright n. 害怕 3．exist vi. 存在→existence n. 存在→existing adj. 现存的 4．sharp adj. 锋利的；尖的；敏锐的→sharpen v. (使)变得锋利； 加强；使尖锐 5．calm adj. 平静的 v. (使)平静；(使)镇静→calmly adv. 平静地 6．unlikely adj. 不可能的→likely adj. 可能的 7．adapt vi. 适应；适合；改编→adaptation n. 适应；改编(本) 8．disappear vi. 不见；消失→disappearance n. 消失→appear vi. 出 现→appearance n. 出现；外观 9．fierce adj. 凶猛的；残暴的→fiercely adv. 凶猛地 10．destruction n. 毁坏→destroy v. 毁坏，摧毁→destructive adj. 毁 灭性的；破坏性的 11．generous adj. 有雅量的；大方的；心地高尚的→generosity n．慷 慨；大方 12．indicate vt. 象征；暗示→indication n. 象征；表明→indicator n．指示器；指示信号 13．fortune n. 运气；命运；财富→fortunate adj. 幸运的→fortunately adv. 幸运地 14．identity n. 身份；特性→identify vt. 确认；辨别；鉴定 →identification n. 确认；身份证明 15．extinct adj. 绝种的；消亡了的→extinction n. 消失；灭绝 高考与教材 1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull, are equally funny and frightening (frighten), but they're also aspirational. 2．(2019·北京卷)A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing (exist) relationships. 3．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly (calm) offer your comments. 4．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)To begin with, the match will be held next Friday, lasting from 8 am to 11 am, during which we will compete fiercely (fierce) with another school. 5．(2019·浙江卷)While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity (generous) and sympathy. 6．(2019·江苏卷)However, the two zookeepers didn't want to see the extinction (extinct) of this precious species. 7．(2017·江苏卷)Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation (adapt)． 8．(2017·江苏卷)A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help sharpen (sharp) your year ahead. 9．(2017·江苏卷)The disappearance (disappear) of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. 10．(2017·北京卷)Unfortunately (fortunate), that plan seems unlikely to work. 1．你熟悉这些“颜色”吗？ ①grey adj. 灰色的 ②brown adj. 褐色的 ③pink adj. 粉色的 ④orange adj. 橘红色的 ⑤purple adj. 紫色的 2．不一样的“静” ①calm adj. 平静的 ②cool adj. 冷静的 ③quiet adj. 安静的 ④still adj. 不动的 ⑤silent adj. 沉默的 3．“帝国”知几何？ ①emperor n. 皇帝 ②empress n. 皇后 ③empire n. 帝国 ④prince n. 皇子 ⑤princess n. 公主 短语巧练 写准并记牢 1.close_to 接近；靠近 2．stick_out 伸出 3．be_sceptical_about 对……怀疑 4．be_related_to 与……有关 5．come_straight_to_the_point 谈正题；开门见山 6．cut_off 切断；使隔绝 7．throw_light_on 帮助弄清楚；阐明某事；照亮 8．die_out 灭绝 9．go_for 选择；喜欢 10．due_to 由于；因……造成 高考与教材 1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close_to a solution. 2．(2018·江苏卷)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due_to their wrong investment. 3．(2017·江苏卷)In the north of India，the population is booming due_to high birth rates. 4．(2016·北京卷)The town was cut_off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow. 1．stick 相关短语全接触 ①stick out 伸出 ②stick to 坚持 ③be stuck in 被困于…… ④be stuck with 被……缠住 2．light 相关短语荟萃 ①throw light on/upon 阐明某事；照亮 ②bring...to light 揭露；披露 ③come to light 为人所知 ④see the light 恍然大悟 3．point 相关用法一览 ①come straight to the point 谈正题；开门见山 ②to the point 切题 ③off the point 离题 ④there be no point (in) doing 做……没有意义 句式仿写 写准并记牢 1.“be＋of＋名词”结构 Other members of the royal family were allowed to wear dragon symbols, too, but with fewer claws and of a different colour. 也允许皇室的其他成员穿带有龙标志的袍子，但袍子上龙的爪子 少了并且颜色也不同。 2．不定式的完成式 He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water. 他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。 3．be unlikely to do sth.“不可能做某事” They say that the lowtemperature lake is unlikely to be able to support such large living creatures. 他们说，水温这样低的湖泊不可能生存有体形如此巨大的动物。 高考与教材 1.(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)除此之外，做相关的运动以及时调整自己适应比 赛是非常有益的。 Apart from that, doing relevant exercise to adjust yourself to the match in time is_of_great_benefit. 2．(2018·天津卷)据说你在你们学院举行的机器人技能竞赛中获得 了一等奖。 You are said to_have_won first prize in the Robotics Competition held in your institute. 3．(2018·江苏卷)夫妻经营的夫妻汽车制造商不太可能击败最大的 汽车公司。 Momandpop carmakers are_unlikely_to_beat the biggest car companies. 高频词汇精讲 1．attack vt.袭击；攻击；抨击；(疾病)侵袭 n.攻击；进攻；抨击； (病情)发作 It often gets angry and will attack anyone who goes close to it. 它常变得很生气并会攻击靠近它的人。 (1)attack sb. for (doing) sth. 由于(做)某事而抨击某人 attack sb. with sth. 用某物攻击某人 be attacked with... 患(病)，得(病) (2)make an attack on/upon... 对……发动进攻；抨击…… be/come under attack 受到攻击；遭到袭击 heart attack 心脏病发作 (1)单句语法填空 ①The killer insisted that she was defending herself when attacked (attack)． ②The enemy made an attack on/upon the small town last night. ③The baby is in poor health, and it is often attacked with a disease. (2)完成句子 The company came under_attack for the firing of 50 employees. 那家公司因解雇 50 名员工而遭到抨击。 2．exist vi.存在；生存；生活；继续存在 Spirit is something that continues to exist after death. 灵魂是人死后继续存在的东西。 (1)exist in 存在于……之中 exist on (＝live on) sth. 靠某物生存；靠某物生活 There exist(s)．.. 有(存在)…… (2)existence n. 存在；生存；生活 in existence 现存的；存在的 come into existence/being 产生；成立；开始存在 (3)existing adj. 现存的；现行的 [名师指津] exist 是不及物动词，不能用于被动语态和进行时。 (1)单句语法填空 ①There is no better way to solve the existing (exist) problems. ②He finds it hard to exist on the money he's earning. ③It was said that this was the only copy of the book in existence. (2)完成句子 No one knows when such a custom first came_into_existence/being. 没有人知道这种风俗是什么时候开始形成的。 3．calm adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的 v.(使)平静；(使)镇定下来 n. 平静；宁静 Mr Li Xiaohe said that he and his family were able to see the monster clearly because the weather was fine and the lake was calm. 李晓和先生说他和家人都清楚地看见了怪物，因为当时天气好， 湖水平静。 (1)calm oneself (使)自己平静下来 calm (sb.) down (使某人)平静下来，镇静下来 (2)keep/stay/remain calm 保持镇定 [辨析比较] calm, quiet, silent, still calm 平静的；沉着的。 指风平浪静或人的情绪平静、 镇静 quiet 宁静的；安静的。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没 有烦恼 silent 寂静的；沉默的。指不说话或没有声音 still 静止的；不动的。指人或物体静止不动 (1)单句语法填空 ①She was breathing deeply and tried to calm herself (she)． ②The police found that it was difficult to calm down the angry crowd. (2)选词填空(calm, quiet, silent, still) When facing danger, one should keep calm;_when taken photos, one should keep still;_when someone else is asleep, one should keep quiet;_when in class, one shouldn't keep silent about the teacher's questions. 4．adapt v．(使)适应；(使)适合；改编；改写 If you can adapt to something, you can change in order to make the situation better. 如果你能对某事适应，你可以改变以使情况更好。 (1)adapt oneself to 使自己适应 adapt to 适应；适合 adapt...from... 根据……改写/改编…… adapt...for... 改(编)……为……之用 (2)adaptable adj. 能适应的；可修改的 adaptation n. 适应；改编；改写本 [名师指津] 注意 adapt 与 adopt 在拼写和意思上的差别。adopt 是 “采用；采纳；收养”的意思。 (1)单句语法填空 ①After graduation from college, I gradually adapted myself to living (live) on my own. ②The play was adapted from a novel written by a famous writer. ③Mike, Mary and I had a discussion about the adaptation (adapt) of the classic literature yesterday. ④Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people. (2)完成句子 I suggested he adapt_himself_to his new conditions. 我建议他应该使自己适应新的环境。 5．die out 灭绝；(习俗、习惯等)逐渐消失 Perhaps too much fighting caused the dinosaurs to die out. 或许是太多的争斗使恐龙灭绝了。 die away (声音或感情等)慢慢变弱，逐渐消失 die down (风或噪音等)渐弱；逐渐平息 die off (家族、种族等)相继死亡 die of/from... 死于……；因……而死 be dying for 很想要；渴望 (1)用适当的介、副词填空 ①In fact, women are less likely to have high blood pressure or to die from heart attacks. ②Many rare animals are dying out. We must find ways to protect the environment. ③Although the wind now died down completely, the air was still as cold as before. ④As the sound of the music died away,_the film came to an end. ⑤The sheep the old man raised died off one by one. (2)完成句子 After graduating from college, she was_dying_for a job working in the office. 大学毕业后，她渴望一份办公室工作。 6．due to 由于；因……造成；应支付；归因于 Some experts believe it is due to the animals the myths grew out of. 一些专家认为是由于这些神话所借助的动物的不同(才有了不同的 认识)。 be due to do sth. 预计做某事；预定要做某事 be due to sth./sb. 归因于某事/某人；应付给某人…… be due for sth. 应得到某物 [联想发散] 表示原因的介词短语有：due to, because of, on account of, owing to, thanks to, as a result of 等。 完成句子 ①That money is_due_to_me,_but I haven't got it yet. 那笔钱是应付给我的，而我至今还未拿到。 ②The bus was_due_to_arrive at 5：00 pm, but it arrived one hour late due_to the heavy fog. 公共汽车本应下午五点钟到达的，但由于大雾它晚了一个小时。 重点词汇点拨 1．sharp adj.锋利的，锐利的；突然的，剧烈的；鲜明的，明显的； 聪明的，敏锐的；尖酸的，刻薄的 adv.(用于表时间的词语后，表示准 时)……整 写出下列句中 sharp 的含义 ①We are leaving at 5 o'clock sharp.正点；准时 ②Don't touch the sharp knife or you'll hurt yourself.锋利的，锐利的 ③His sharp words seemed to hurt her very much.尖酸的，刻薄的 ④Shops are reporting a sharp rise in sales of organic produce.突然 的，剧烈的 ⑤Some of these kids are pretty sharp when it comes to maths.聪明 的，敏锐的 ⑥The warm weather was in sharp contrast to last year's cold temperature.鲜明的，明显的 2．claim v．声称；索赔；认领；(灾难、事故等)夺走，夺去(生命) 写出下列句中 claim 的含义 ①The severe flooding has claimed over 500 lives.夺去(生命) ②She claimed her coat with red buttons on it at the Lost and Found. 认领 ③The company claims that their product can make you thin without dieting.声称 ④She claimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered.索赔 典型句式精析 动 词 不 定 式 的 完 成 式 ,He claims to have seen a round black creature moving quickly through the water. 他声称看见一个黑黑的、圆圆的动物在水中快速游动。 不定式的时态有三种： (1)不定式的一般式：to do，表示与主句谓语动词同一时间发生或 动作发生在主句谓语动词之前； (2)不定式的进行式：to be doing，表示与主句谓语动词同一时间发 生，并且动作正在进行； (3)不定式的完成式：to have done，表示发生在主句谓语动词之前。 单句语法填空 ①He seems to_have_passed (pass) the exam，for he looks so pleased. ②The students came to the teachers' office to_help (help) clean the windows. ③The boy pretended to_be_concentrating (concentrate) on his lesson, but in fact his mind was wandering. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Jamie keeps having a positive (积极的) attitude and running after his goals. 2．They are unlikely (不可能) to come since the weather is so bad. 3．The noise of the engine died away as the car disappeared (消失) in the distance. 4．It is important to keep calm (平静的) in an emergency. 5．If you were attacked (攻击), would you be able to defend yourself? 6．I'm rather sceptical (怀疑的) about their socalled sympathy for the poor. 7 ． Both sides claimed ( 声 称 ) that the other side broke the peace agreement. 8．Two thirds of the surface (表面) of the earth is covered by water. 9．It puzzles scientists how these creatures (生物) can survive in such severe conditions. 10．He is a wellrespected teacher and has won a good reputation (名 声) for all he has done for the kids. Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Charlie tried to calm down the frightened children. 2 ． The telephone operator cut us off before we had finished our conversation. 3．He is thought to_have_acted (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 4．He didn't speak for long, but he spoke very much to the point. 5 ． The bell indicating (indicate) the end of the class rang, which interrupted our heated discussion. 6．It's raining heavily outside. We are unlikely (likely) to go out for the picnic as planned. 7．After claiming (claim) the luggage at the railway station, we left for the exhibition in a taxi. 8．I believe the teacher's explanation will throw light on this puzzling problem. 9 ． Without real photos of the monster, we are sceptical about its existence. 10 ． The rise in crime is likely to be related to an increase in unemployment. Ⅲ.单句改错 1．A completely new situation will arise when the examination system comes into the existence.去掉第二个 the 2．Little Bob is often educated by his parents to be good and friendly to anybody even if attacking.attacking→attacked 3．Mother was worried about whether she could adapt to live in the mountainous village alone.live→living 4．She watched her husband's car until it was disappeared from her sight in the distance.去掉 was 5．At last the tourists managed to escape from the dangerous place, hungry and frightening.frightening→frightened 6 ． Whether wildlife can be well protected is of great important.important→importance 7 ． I believe I am close to find out the answer to the question.find→finding 8 ． I tried to keep calmly when facing such a varied situation.calmly→calm 9．If people don't preserve those traditional cultures，they will soon die away.away→out 10 ． He entered the manager's office and made claim for higher pay.claim 前加 a Ⅳ.语段填词 1．To his fright,_the frightening scene frightened the other frightened children into crying.(frighten) 2．There exists an old hospital at the corner, but no one knows when it came into existence.(exist) 3．Some natural mysteries of the ancient times are still mysterious to people today. (mystery) 4 ． People destroy forests and rivers for their own benefit. Their destructive activities are likely to cause the destruction of the earth. (destroy) 5．Fortunately,_he came to the new island safely. It is also fortunate for him to make his fortune here. (fortune) 6．You don't need an identity,_and all you need is proper identification so that the guards can identify you. (identify) 7．He soon adapted himself to the new environment. That was to say, he made a quick adaptation to the new environment.(adapt) Ⅴ.完成句子 1．他们不可能赶上去北京的火车了。(unlikely) They are_unlikely_to_catch the train to Beijing. 2．一个和谐的家庭对于孩子的个人成长是有益的。(be of＋抽象名 词) A harmonious family is_of_benefit to a child's personal development. 3．警方似乎已经找到了他犯罪的新证据。(动词不定式的完成式) The police seem_to_have_found the new evidence of his crime. 4．当你去国外时，你必须使自己适应新的习俗。(adapt) When you go to a foreign country, you must adapt_yourself_to new customs. 5．他做了几次深呼吸，让自己平静下来。(calm) He took a few deep breaths to calm_himself_down. Ⅵ.微写作 假定你是李华，请你给你的美国朋友 Peter 写信，讲述一下“雪 人”(Yeti)情况。 1．自从有几次目击之后，“雪人”再次成为新闻； 2．有些人声称近距离看见过； 3．根据目击者所言，“雪人”生活在喜马拉雅山上，看起来像是 猿猴； 4．它有大脚而不是爪子。据说它会伸出手攻击任何接近它的人； 5．然而，科学家对此表示怀疑； 6．喜马拉雅山占地 594 400 平方公里，他们认为这种大型生物不 可能生活在如此荒凉的地方； 7．到目前为止，还没有足够的证据证明“雪人”的存在。 注意：1.请根据以上要点写一篇 100 词左右的短文； 2．尽量使用本模块的知识点； 3．可适当增加细节。 Dear Peter， I'm writing to tell you something about the Yeti. The Yeti has been back in the news ever since several sightings. Some people claimed to have got a clear look at it. According to the witnesses, the creature lives high up in the Himalayas and looks like an ape. It has big feet instead of claws. It's said that it will stick out its hands to attack anyone who gets close to it. However, the scientists are sceptical about the news. Himalayas covers an area of 594,400 square kilometers. They think it is unlikely that such a large creature lives in this desolate place. So far, there has been no firm evidence to support the existence of the Yeti. Yours, Li Hua Ⅶ.课文语法填空 Lake Tianchi is located in the Changbai Mountains in Jilin Province. It is the __1__ (high) volcanic lake in the world. There __2__ (be) reports of monsters in it since the __3__ (begin) of the last century. Meng Fanying, the director of a local tourist office, said that the monster seemed to be black __4__ colour, and jumped out of the water like a seal. Xue Junlin, a local photographer, claimed that its head looked like a horse, though no one really got __5__ clear look at the __6__ (mystery) creature. A soldier said the monster was greenishblack and had a round head with 10centimetre horns. Li Xiaohe, __7__ was visiting the lake with his family, claimed __8__ (see) a round black creature __9__ (move) quickly through the water. Many people believe its __10__ (exist). However, scientists are skeptical about this. 1．highest 2.have_been 3.beginning 4.in 5.a 6．mysterious 7.who 8.to_have_seen 9.moving 10．existence 学习至此，请完成课时作业 24