高考英语二轮复习与策略专题限时集训19推理判断题二 6页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 专题限时集训(十九) 推理判断题(二) A (2016·苏州第一学期期末考试) First，I want to tell you how proud we are.Getting into Columbia is a real testament of what a great well－rounded student you are.Your academic，artistic， and social skills have truly blossomed(展现) in the last few years.You should be as proud of yourself as we are. College will be the most important years in your life.It is in college that you will truly discover what learning is about.You often question “what good is this course”．I encourage you to be inquisitive，but I also want to tell you: “Education is what you have left after all that is taught is forgotten.” What I mean by that is the material taught isn't as important as you gaining the ability to learn a new subject，and the ability to analyze a new problem.That is really what learning in college is about—this will be the period where you go from teachertaught to master －inspired，after which you must become a self－learner. Do not fall into to trap of dogma(教条)．There is no single simple answer to any question.Remember during your high school debate class，I always asked you to take on the side that you don't believe in? I did that for a reason—things rarely “black and white”，and there are always many ways to look at a problem.You will become a better problem solver if you recognized that.This is called “critical thinking”，and it is the most important thinking skill you need for your life.This also means you need to become tolerant and supportive of others.I will always remember when I went to my Ph.D.advisor and proposed a new thesis topic.He said “I don't agree with you，but I'll support you.”________________ Follow your passion in college.Take courses you think you will enjoy.Don't be trapped in what others think or say.Steve Jobs says when you are in college，your passion will create many dots，and later in your life you will connect them.Enjoy picking your dots，and be assured one day you will find your calling，and connect a beautiful curve through the dots. Most importantly，make friends and be happy.College friends are often the best in life，because during college you are closer to them physically than to your family.Also ， going through independence and adulthood is a natural bonding experience. Bonne chance，my angel and princess.May Columbia become the happiest four years 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 in your life. 本文节选自李开复写给就读于美国哥伦比亚大学的女儿的一封信。在信中，作者对于女 儿能够进入哥伦比亚大学感到特别骄傲，希望女儿在大学里真正发现学习的真谛，最终成为 自学者。作者希望女儿不要被教条所束缚，养成“批判性思维”。作者希望女儿追随自己的 激情，选择自己感兴趣的课程，不要被别人的想法或说法所困扰。最重要的是，作者希望女 儿要广交善缘，乐观向上。总之，作者希望哥伦比亚的大学生活时期能成为女儿一生中最快 乐的四年，希望女儿成为她梦想成为的人！ 1．What can be inferred from the passage? A．It's a parent's letter intended for a college student. B．Parents are proud but worried about unpredictable future of children. C．Learning skills are the top priority in Columbia. D．Though uneducated，the writer offers practical college guidance. A [推理判断题。结合全文尤其是第一段第一、二句和最后一段可知，进入哥伦比亚大 学证明你是一个全面发展的优秀学生。希望哥伦比亚的大学生活时期能成为你一生中最快乐 的四年。这些表明本文是父亲或者母亲写给已经就读哥伦比亚大学的孩子的一封信。故选项 A 符合题意。] 2．Which of the following is the most appropriate to fill in the blank at the end of the 3rd paragraph? A．So do take each subject seriously，and even if what you learn isn't critical for your life，the skills of learning will be something you cherish forever. B．After the years，I have learned this isn't just flexibility，but encouragement of critical thinking. C．When I faced the greatest challenge in my life，you gave me a big hug. D．Your Columbia degree will take you far even if you don't graduate with honors. B [推理判断题。根据第三段后半段可知，作者认为“批判性思维”就是要包容和支持 不同于你的其他观点。当作者向导师提出一个新论题时，导师虽然不同意，但是他支持作者。 这就是“批判性思维”的体现，导师的变通就是对作者的包容和鼓励。故选项 B 符合题意。] 3．By mentioning Steve Jobs，the author intends to tell us that ________． A．your dream of connecting dots to form a beautiful curve will be realized B．following your own heart in college may guarantee opportunities of success C．Steve Jobs is a typical example to illustrate that freedom and enjoyment count D．Steve Jobs owes his success to his critical thinking B [推理判断题。根据第四段可知，作者在文章中提到史蒂夫·乔布斯是为了告诉我们， 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 在大学里我们要追随自己的激情，选择我们感兴趣的课程，不要困扰于别人的想法或说法。 只有尽情地选择我们的“点”，我们才会发现自己的使命，然后用这些“点”勾勒出一条美 丽的曲线。也就是说，在大学里我们追随自己的内心才可能有成功的机会。故选项 B 符合题 意。] 【导学号：57732059】 B (2016·贵阳检测) “Good morning，boys and girls！” For decades this has been how English classes start in Germany.They are the first bits of vocabulary and basic phrases.For years now，however，increasing numbers of primary schools in Germany are teaching younger children their first foreign language.In order to better prepare children for a multilingual future，parents，educators and policymakers are seeking support behind the idea of “the earlier the better” when it comes to learning foreign languages.What's more，we may often hear these words that if you've gone through adolescence already ， you'll no longer be able to speak a foreign language perfectly.But do they necessarily mean that small children in general learn foreign languages better than adolescents or adults? “It depends on what we consider‘better’ with regard to foreign languages，” says Rudiger Grotjahn，a professor of language learning.“If we look at the end result of language acquisition，an early start is certainly advantageous.” If “better” means faster，then young children don't do so well compared to adolescents or even young adults，especially at the beginning of the course when， according to Rudiger Grotjahn，the latter two groups make better progress. Education psychology has also shown us that successful learning is mainly based on existing knowledge.The same is true for language learning.Furthermore，techniques have developed when learning the native language also plays an important role in learning a foreign language. Children often respond to new languages with curiosity while adults increasingly depend on their own learning and life experiences to help them learn the words， structures and ideas of a foreign language.The result is that children learn more through games and gestures while adults take a more analytical approach with stricter rules. Children learn languages differently from adults.Good foreign language courses should take these various requirements and methods into account.The joy of 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 learning a foreign language is something that both the young and the old can experience to equal degree. 到底是让孩子从小开始学外语还是到成年再学好呢？作者在本文中分析表明了自己的 观点。 4．What does the underlined word “multilingual” in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A．Better than expected. B．Unclear of unknown. C．Going to happen soon. D．Using different languages. D [词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“increasing numbers of primary schools in Germany are teaching younger children their first foreign language”可知，德国人 让小孩从小开始学习外语，目的是让他们未来能够掌握多种语言。] 5. What does the author think of Rudiger's ideas? A. They are popular and original. B．They are conflicting and ridiculous. C．They are acceptable but out of date. D．They are reasonable and convincing. D [推理判断题。根据文章第二、三两段的叙述可知，Rudiger 认为孩子和成人学外语 各有优势和劣势，为作者的观点“Children learn languages differently from adults.” 提供论据。作者认为孩子并不一定比成人能更好的学习外语，因为二者是通过不同的方式来 学习的，所以作者对 Rudiger 的说法持着认可的态度，认为其合理并有说服力。] 6．What's the passage mainly about? A. Explaining the importance of learning foreign languages. B．Discussing how to choose good foreign language courses. C．Analyzing if age matters a lot in learning foreign languages. D．Introducing some methods for improving language learning ability. C [主旨大意题。根据全文的叙述可知，作者主要针对“But do they necessarily mean that small children in general learn foreign languages better than adolescents or adults？”这一疑问，通过列举论据，旨在分析对于学习外语，年龄是否占据很重要的角色。] 7．What can we know from the passage? A. Learning foreign languages has been a must for children in Germany. B．The young like learning foreign language much better than the old. C．Age difference is not the most essential for foreign language learners. D．Foreign language courses should pay more attention to younger learners. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 C [细节理解题。根据第五段的叙述可知，孩子和成人学习外语的方式不同，作者在此 表明自己的观点：年龄差异在外语学习中不会有最重要的影响。] C (2016·合肥二模) Need for closure is a psychological term that describes a person's desire for a firm answer to a question.Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and uncertainty.Every person has their own baseline level of need for closure.It likely evolved via natural selection. What I find really fascinating is how our need for closure is affected by the situation we're in.Our need for closure rises when we have to act rather than just observe，and it matters much more when we're rushed，or bored，or tired.Any stress can make our discomfort with uncertainty increase，and a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions: who we decide to trust， whether we admit we're wrong and even how creative we are. In hiring，for instance，a high need for closure leads people to put far too much weight on their first impression.It's called the Urgency Effect.In one experiment，psychologists tried to lower people's need for closure by telling them， right before participants are about to make various judgments of a job candidate， that they'll be responsible in some way for them，or that their judgments have serious consequences. In making any big decision，it's not enough just to know that we should take our time.We all know that important decisions shouldn't be rushed.The problem is that we don't keep that advice in mind when it matters.So，one of the best solutions is to formalize the reminders.Before making important decisions，write down not just advantages and disadvantages but what the consequences could be.Also，think about how much pressure you're under.If your need for closure is particularly high that day，it's even more important to think twice. 本文是一篇说明文。向我们介绍了了结需求(渴望得到问题的确切答案这一心理活动) 对我们所做决定的影响。 8．How does “need for closure” probably come into being? A．By nature. B．By accident. C．By acquiring. D．By imitating. A [细节理解题。该题问的是了结需求是如何形成的。根据第一段中的“Our need for closure is our natural preference for definite answers over confusion and 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 uncertainty.”可知，它是自然形成的。故选 A。] 9.It can be inferred that a high need for closure ________． A. brings about more stress B．causes discomfort and uncertainty C．leads to not so good decisions D．promotes one's creativity C [细节理解题。该题问的是高的了结需求的相关情况。根据第二段中“and a high need for closure negatively influences some of our most important decisions”可 知，高的了结需求会对我们的决定产生消极的影响。故选 C。] 10．In the experiment the psychologists reduced part－ icipants' need for closure by telling them to______________________. A. be cautious about their judgments B．value their first impression C．be responsible for their boss D．pay little attention to the consequences A [推理判断题。该题问的是在实验中心理学家是如何降低参与者的了结需求的。根据 第三段中“that they'll be responsible in some way for them，or that their judgments have serious consequences”可推知，心理学家是通过告诉参与者们做判断时要谨慎来降 低他们的了结需求的。故选 A。] 11．What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows? A. Another strategy to escape the pressures of modern life. B．Some serious consequences of making decisions. C．Other approaches to making important decisions. D．More helpful solutions to high need for closure. D [推理判断题。该题问的是在接下来的一段中作者会讨论什么。文章最后一段主要介 绍了一些了结需求高的人在做重大决定时应采取的办法；由此可推知，下文应介绍更多的针 对了结需求很高的问题的有效解决办法。故选 D。]