高考英语最后30天语法精讲非谓语动词 4页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 1 - 2013 高考英语 最后 30 天语法精讲 非谓语动词 动词不定式 一、不定式在句子中的作用 主语 A. It is(was) + adj.(n.) + to do sth B. It + vt. + n.(pron.) + to do sth It’s often difficult for me to decided what to do . It made us very angry to hear him talk like that. 表语 A. 表示预定要发生的动作或未来的可能性或假设 B. 说明主语的内容 C. 用于正式的指示或命令 He is to return from Paris tomorrow. My job is to wash plates. Three tablets are to be taken twice a day. 宾语 A. 接动词不定式做宾语(afford, agree, decide, expect, happen, hope, wish, refuse, etc.) They expected to see the boss soon. B. Subj. + vt. + it + adj.(n.) to do sth. Do you consider it better not to go ? 宾语补足语 基本结构： Subj. + vt. + sb. + to do sth. (allow, ask, order, want, expect, force, etc) They expected the girl to succeed in the examination. 状语 表示目的、结果和原因等 We live to serve the people. Let’s hurry so as not to be late for the meeting. What have I said to make you so excited ? We jumped with joy to hear the news. 定语 A. 动宾关系(不定式修饰的词是不定式动作逻 辑上的宾语) Do you have anything more to say? (n. + to do.) There is nothing to worry about. (n. + to vi + prep.) Let’s find a room to put the bike in. (n. + to vt+ n. +p.) We haven’t a chair to be seated in. (n.+ to be v-ed +p.) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 2 - I have a letter to write. I have a pen to write with. I have no ink to write in. I have no paper to write on. B. 主谓关系(不定式修饰的词是不定式逻辑上的主语) He isn’t a man to bow before difficulties. She was the first person to think of the idea. C.纯粹定语 (被修饰词通常是 time, way 等） It’s time to go home. Is that the best way to solve the problem? 二、TO 代替整个动词不定式 当动词不定式重复前面的某个动词时，可以使用 to 代替，而省略该动词。 I went there because I wanted to (go). I don’t dance much now, but I used to (dance) a lot. Anyone who wants to (go for a walk) can go for a walk round Aswan. 三、“TO”的省略 ①感觉动词、使役动词后面的 to 常省略，但是被动语态中的 to 不能省略 ② 两个动词不定式由 and、or、but、 than、except 等连接在一起时，第 二个不定式常常省略 to I’d like to lie down and go to sleep. I’ll do anything but work on a farm. Do you want to have lunch now or wait till later? It’s easier to persuade people than (to) force them. ③ 口语中，在 come、go、run、hurry up 等动词后，可用 and 代替表示目 的的动词不定式 Come and have a drink. Would you go and tell them to shut up? ④ had better (not ) do sth. ⑤ would rather do sth (than do sth) He’d rather watch TV than go to see a film. ⑥ prefer to do sth rather than do sth Rather than wait, he prefers to go home on foot. ⑦ Why (not) do sth? 四、动词不定式的复合结构 ① for sb to do sth It’s a mistake for us not to help them. The coffee was too hot for me to drink. ②It’s + adj. + of sb to do sth (kind, nice, brave, stupid, clever, etc.) 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 3 - It’s kind of you to think so much of me. 五、be + adj. + to do (sth) ① be + v-ed + to do sth I was very pleased to see you yesterday. ② subj. + be + adj. + to do (vt.) (不定式逻辑上的宾语是句子主语) The question is easy to answer. She’s nice to talk to. It’s not a bad place to live in. 六、enough， too，so as to 等 ① adj. + enough (for sb) to do sth He isn’t old enough to go to school. ② too… (for sb) to do sth The apple is too high for us to pick. NOTICE: I’m too glad to see you. He’s too ready to help you. ③ so as (not) to do sth. / in order (not) to do I got up early in order not to be late. He worked hard so as not to fail the exam. ④ so …as to do sth Would you be so kind as to tell me the time? 七、动词不定式的时态 ① 不定式与谓语动作同时发生或不定式后发生，动词不定式用一般时态。 They invited us to go there next week. ② 动词不定式先于谓语动作发生，动词不定式用完成时态。 He’s said to have written a new novel. I’m sorry not to have come on Wednesday. ③ 谓语动作发生时，不定式动作正在进行，动词不定式用进行式。 They’re said to be building a bridge. We didn’t expect you to be waiting for us here. 八、动词不定式的被动式 ①含被动的一般情况 She ought to be told about it. Nothing seems to have been forgotten. This form is to be filled in in ink. ② there be 后可用主动的或被动的动词不定式 There’s a lot of work to do (to be done). ③ to be seen, to be found 等常用在 be 之后 He was nowhere to be seen ( found). 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 - 4 - ④ to blame 常用于表示被动的意思“受责怪” Nobody was to blame for the accident.