2020届一轮复习人教版必修八Unit4Pygmelion单元学案（38页） 38页

‎2020届一轮复习人教版必修八Unit4Pygmelion单元学案 ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．plot n．　　　　　　　　　 情节；阴谋 ‎2．handkerchief n. 手帕；手绢；纸巾 ‎3．ambassador n. 大使；使节 ‎4．stocking n. 长袜 ‎5．cookie n. 饼干 ‎6．cream n. 奶油；面霜 ‎7．waist n. 腰；腰部；腰围 ‎8．alphabet n. 字母表 ‎9．antique adj. 古时的；(因古老、稀少而)珍贵的 n. 文物；古董；古玩 ‎10．fateful adj. 重要的；决定性的；命中注定的 ‎11．whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出汽笛声 n. 口哨声；汽笛声 ‎12.woollen adj.[纵联1] 毛纺的；纯毛的 ‎13．upper adj. (位置或地位)较高的；‎ ‎ 级别较高的 ‎14.troublesome adj.[纵联2] 带来麻烦的；使人心烦的 ‎15．handful n. 一把；少量 ‎16．brilliant adj. 光辉灿烂的；杰出的；才华横溢的 ‎17．shabby adj. 破旧的；寒酸的 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．properly adv. 适当地；恰当地 ‎2．overlook vt. 俯视；忽视；不理会 ‎3．outcome n. 结果；效果；后果 ‎4．betray vt. 显露出(本来面目)；背叛 ‎5．superior adj. 优秀的；较高的；上级的 n. 上级；长官 ‎6．fade v. (使)褪色；减弱；逐渐消失 ‎7．acquaintance n. 相识；了解；熟人 ‎8．condemn vt. 谴责；使……处于不幸(不愉快)‎ ‎ 的状态 ‎9．compromise n．& vi. 妥协；折衷 ‎10．status n. 身份；地位；职位 ‎11．disgusting adj. 使人反感的；令人厌恶的 ‎12．extraordinary adj. 不同寻常的；非凡的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．adaptation n．适应(性)；改编本→adapt v．(使)适应；改编 ‎2．classic adj.经典的；第一流的 n．经典著作→class n．班级；阶级；‎ 等级→classical adj.古典的 ‎3．professor n．教授→profession n．职业；专业→professional adj.专业的 n．专业人员 ‎4．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇→hesitation n．犹豫；踌躇 ‎5．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不安的；不自在的→uncomfortably adv.不舒服地；不自在地→comfortably adv.舒服地；舒适地→comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的 ‎6．mistaken adj.(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的→mistake n．& v．错误；误会 ‎7．classify vt.把……分类；把……归类→classification n．分类；归类 ‎8．remark n．谈论；言论；评述 vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起→remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的 ‎9．amazement n．惊讶；惊愕→amaze vt.使吃惊→amazed adj.吃惊的→amazing adj.令人吃惊的 ‎10．fortune n．机会；运气；大笔的钱→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adv.幸运地 ‎11．disapprove v．不赞成；反对；认为不好→approve v．赞成 ‎12．rob vt.抢劫；盗窃；剥夺→robbery n．抢劫(行为)→robber n．强盗；盗贼 ‎13．musical adj.音乐的；喜爱音乐的 n．音乐喜剧→music n．音乐→musician n．音乐家 ‎14．horrible adj.可怕的；恐怖的→horror n．恐怖[纵联3]‎ ‎15．effective adj.有效的→effect n．效果；影响 ‎ ‎ 纵联1.“名词＋en”构成的形容词一览 ‎①wool→woollen毛纺的；纯毛的 ②lead→leaden铅制的 ‎③earth→earthen泥土做的 ④wood→wooden木制的 ‎⑤silk→silken丝制的 纵联2.你可知some也是一个形容词后缀？‎ ‎①troublesome带来麻烦的 ②awesome令人敬畏的 ‎③boresome烦人的 ④bothersome引起麻烦的 ‎⑤brightsome明亮的；灿烂的 ⑥handsome英俊的 ‎⑦lonesome孤独的 ⑧tiresome使人厌倦的 纵联3.“恐怖；可怕”大排档 ‎①horror战栗；恐怖 ②horrible恐怖的 ‎③afraid害怕的 ④alarm惊慌；恐慌 ‎ ‎⑤frighten使惊吓；吓唬 ⑥fear恐惧；畏惧 ‎⑦terrible可怕的 ⑧terrified恐怖的 ‎⑨terror恐怖 ⑩be scared to death吓死 ‎ ‎ 单元话题——文学作品 子话题　戏剧 ‎①author n. 作者　　　　 ②playwright n．编剧；剧作家 ‎③edition n．版本(出版形式) ④version n．(电影、剧本等的)版本 ‎⑤fiction n．(虚构)小说 ⑥scene n．场景；幕 ‎ ‎⑦vivid adj.栩栩如生的 ⑧script n．剧本 ‎⑨backstage adv.在后台 ⑩character n. 人物；角色 ‎⑪comedy n．喜剧 ⑫draft n．草稿；草案 ‎⑬inspiration n．灵感 ⑭curtain n．幕布 ‎⑮tragedy n．悲剧 ⑯ending n. 结局 ‎⑰masterpiece n. 杰作 ⑱stage n．舞台 ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅱ阅读D)We've all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the ❶　 (comfortable) silence.‎ What's the problem? It's possible that we all have 　❷　 conversational intelligence. It's more likely that none of us start a conversation because it's awkward and challenging, or we think it's annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers❸， consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it's an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.‎ ‎①用comfortable的适当形式填空：uncomfortable；comfortable的词根为comfort，意为“舒适；安慰”‎ ‎②选词填空：__A__‎ A．compromised　　　　 B．condemned 　　　C．hesitated ‎③写出stranger在本单元的反义词：acquaintance ‎2．(2015•全国卷Ⅰ阅读七选五)Trust is a risk. But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake❶.‎ Unfortunately❷， we've all been victims of betrayal❸. Whether we've been stolen from, lied to, misled, or cheated on, there are different levels of losing trust. Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore. They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.‎ ‎①写出加彩词在本单元的同根形容词：mistaken ‎②unfortunately在句中词性为副词，意为：不幸的是，在本单元的同词根名词为：fortune，意为“机会，运气”。‎ ‎③写出加彩词在本单元的动词形式：betray；该词除了表示“背叛”外，还可表示“泄露信息；泄露情感”‎ 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语和提示词补全/翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2014•江西高考书面表达)就我个人而言，我曾经尝试过有效的方法来实现我的学术目标。(effective)‎ Personally, I used to try_effective_methods_to_achieve_my_academic_goals.‎ ‎2．(2014•江西高考书面表达)对于你们这些新生来说，如何适应新的环境是你们要面对的第一件事。(adapt)‎ To_all_of_you,_fresh_students,_how_to_adapt_yourself_to_the_new_environment_is_the_first_thing_that_you_have_to_face.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．hesitate vi.犹豫；踌躇 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)hesitate to do sth.　　　　　　　 犹豫做某事 hesitate about/in/at/over 对……犹豫不决 ‎(2)hesitation n. 踌躇；犹豫 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫地做某事 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①Since then, I have not hesitated to_be (be) in the presence of others, especially when they need company.‎ ‎②Please have no hesitation in writing to me if you want me to do something for you in China.‎ ‎③I hesitated about/in/at/over taking his side until I knew the whole story. ‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2015•浙江高考书面表达)没有犹豫，我决定跟随他们，那天我们确实过得很开心。‎ Without_hesitation,_I decided to follow them and we did have lots of fun that day. ‎ ‎2．remark n．谈论；言论；评述vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)remark on/upon　　　　　 谈论/评论……‎ remark that ... 评论……‎ ‎(2)make remarks on/upon 对……发表评论/看法 ‎(3)remarkable adj. 非凡的；显著的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He once remarked that “All happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.”‎ ‎②As long as you work hard, you'll see a slow but remarkable (remark) improvement in your classroom performance during the next term. ‎ 单句改错 ‎③Miss Li remarked some students' cheating in exams, whose words left a deep impression on us.remarked后加on/upon ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④(2018•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)电影结束后，每个班应该进行一次讨论，期望所有的学生都要发表评论，表达他们对这部电影的看法。‎ After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are expected to make_remarks_and_express_their_views_about_the_film.‎ ‎3．acquaintance n．相识；了解；熟人 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)make one's acquaintancemake the acquaintance of sb.　　 结识某人 have acquaintance with sth. 对某事知道/了解 ‎(2)acquaint v. 使熟悉；使了解 be acquainted with 熟悉 acquaint oneself with ... 熟悉 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①He has some acquaintance with German, but doesn't speak it fluently. ‎ ‎②It was at that party that I first made his acquaintance，since then he and I became good friends.‎ ‎[写美]　用上述短语升级加彩部分 ‎③(2017•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Before class, first you need to learn the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. ‎ ‎→Before class, first you need to acquaint_yourself_with the history of the Tang Dynasty to better appreciate the poems. ‎ ‎4．fortune n．财产；大笔的钱；机会；运气 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)seek/try one's fortune　　　　　　 找出路/碰运气 make a fortune 发财；赚钱 have the good fortune to do sth. 有幸做某事 ‎(2)fortunate adj. 幸 运的；侥幸的(＝lucky)‎ be fortunate to do sth./in doing sth. 有幸做某事 ‎(3)fortunately adv. 幸运地(＝luckily)‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①I had the good fortune to_be_chosen (choose) for studying abroad.‎ ‎②If we're fortunate in achieving success, we will be filled with excitement and joy.‎ 单句改错 ‎③Many young people leave their hometown to seek their fortunes in big cities.fortunes→fortune ‎④Determined never to come back before he could make big fortune, Mike left home without saying a word.make后加a ‎[用准]　fortune意为“机会；运气”时，是不可数名词；意为“大笔的钱”时，是可数名词。‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤幸运的是，她受伤不严重，我们把她送到了最近的医院。‎ Fortunately,_she_was_not_badly_injured_and_we_sent_her_to_the_nearest_hospital.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　 ‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．He is smaller than you, but he is superior (优秀的) to you.‎ ‎2．He dipped into the bag and brought out a handful (一把) of sample wheat. ‎ ‎3．Quite a lot of people will betray (背叛)themselves when tempted by money. ‎ ‎4．The government should take effective (有效的) measures to stop water from being polluted. ‎ ‎5．The doctor said that the patient might be uncomfortable (不舒服的) after her operation.‎ ‎6．If you think you can drink so much without damaging your health, then you're mistaken (错误的)．‎ ‎7．“Seize the day, boys. Make your lives extraordinary (非凡的)．” from the film Dead Poets Society touched me most.‎ ‎8．If we all agree to set aside differences and make a compromise (妥协) when we are in disputes, wars are forever gone and we are surely living in peace.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Larry is the only one of my friends who is acquainted (acquaint) with the old poet.‎ ‎2．Helen was chosen for the job because she was far superior to any other candidate.‎ ‎3．They were unwilling to compromise with the leaders but they had no choice.‎ ‎4．We audience all classify him as one of the greatest actors.‎ ‎5．Those who don't remember the past are_condemned (condemn) to repeat it.‎ ‎6．He showed remarkable (remark) competence when faced with the difficult problems in tough times.‎ ‎7．Some parents hesitate to_take (take) these steps because they doubt whether their children are telling lies.‎ ‎8．We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn't really cause, overlooking (overlook) our own roles in shaping children's minds.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．On his way home from business, he was robbed from his money.第二个from→of ‎2．The hot play on TV is adaptation of a short novel written by Mo Yan.adaptation前加an ‎3．When you come to our musical party, remember to bring your own music instruments.music→musical ‎4．These two brothers decided to go to America to try their fortunes.fortunes→fortune ‎5．Under no circumstances should we betray of ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty.去掉of Ⅳ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．他对是否参加探险仍拿不定主意。(hesitate)‎ He is still hesitating_over_whether_to_join the expedition.‎ ‎2．老师评论说我的英语作文写得很好。 (remark)‎ The_teacher_remarked_that my English composition was well written. ‎ ‎3．他对音乐不怎么了解，但他非常精通绘画。(acquaintance)‎ He has_little_acquaintance_with music, but he has a wide knowledge of painting.‎ ‎4．他卖掉了西班牙的房产，赚了一大笔钱。(fortune)‎ He made_a_fortune by selling property in Spain.‎ ‎5．为了方便起见，我们可把学生分成四组。 (classify)‎ For convenience, we may classify_the_students_into_four_groups.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎ ‎ ‎1．once_more　　　　　　　　　 再一次 ‎2．fade_out (声音、画面)逐渐模糊；渐淡 ‎3.in disguise[串记1] 伪装(的)；假扮(的)‎ ‎4．in_terms_of_... 就……来说；从……角度 ‎5．in_need_of 需要……‎ ‎6．pass_..._off_as_... (把某人)改变或冒充成……‎ ‎7．rob_sb._of_sth. 抢劫某人某物 ‎8．show_..._in 带或领……进来 ‎9.generally speaking[串记2] 一般来说 ‎10．make_one's_acquaintance 结识；与……相见 ‎11.deal with[串记3] 处理；对付；涉及 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.容易被忽略的“in＋n.”短语 ‎①in disguise　　　 　　　　 伪装(的)；假扮(的)‎ ‎②in nature 本质上 ‎③in person 亲自；本人 ‎④in action 在活动中；在进行中 ‎⑤in shape 处于良好状态 ‎⑥in amazement 震惊；惊讶 ‎⑦in name 名义上的；有名无实的 ‎⑧in comfort 舒适地 串记2.“adv.＋speaking”短语聚焦 ‎①generally speaking 一般来说 ‎②honestly speaking 诚实地说 ‎③frankly speaking 坦率地说 ‎④exactly speaking 确切地说 ‎⑤strictly speaking 严格地说 ‎⑥personally speaking 就个人而言 串记3.如何“处理；对付”‎ ‎①deal with 处理；对付；涉及 ‎②do with 处理；对付 ‎③cope with 处理；应付 ‎④treat ... with 处理；应付 ‎⑤handle with 处理 ‎⑥dispose of 处理；解决 ‎ ‎ ‎1．the quality of a person's English　　 一个人的英语水平 ‎2．one's position in society 某人的社会地位 ‎3．in all directions 朝四面八方 ‎4．shelter from the rain 躲雨 ‎5．be disappointed at 对……失望 ‎6．take down 写下；记下 ‎7．deep in 专心于 ‎8．make records 录音 ‎9．a bit of luck 运气好 ‎10．ask for any favours 寻求任何帮助 ‎11．pay for 支付 ‎ ‎ ‎1．Will that be_of_any_use to you？那对你有用吗？‎ ‎2．What_if I was？如果我是又怎么样呢？‎ ‎3．But, sir, (proudly) once_educated_to_speak_properly,_that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess at an ambassador's garden party.‎ 不过，先生， (高傲地)一旦有人教她把英语说好了，这个女孩就可以在三个月以内冒充公爵夫人出席大使主办的花园晚会了。‎ ‎4．Perhaps I could even find her a place as a lady's maid or a shop assistant, which_requires better English.‎ 说不定我还可以给她找份工作，当一名贵妇人的侍女或商店的店员。这些工作都要求英语说得好。‎ ‎[学考对接•活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的短语(补全句子/短语替换)‎ ‎1．(2013•江苏高考阅读C)When he started, he assumed that signs of the bends would be rarer in younger fossils, reflecting their gradual evolution of measures to deal_with (处理) decompression.‎ ‎2．(2018•北京高考完形填空)For Mr. Smith, this is a possible lifechanging chance.The story once again tells us that one good turn deserves another.(用本单元短语替换加彩部分)once_more 高考采撷(二) 写作中的短语和句式(短语升级/翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Speaking of table manners, keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal. ‎ ‎→In_terms_of_table_manners,_keep your voice low and pleasant during the meal. ‎ ‎2．(2018•浙江高考写作)I've learned that the English Association of our school now need some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school.‎ ‎→I've learned that the English Association of our school is_now_in_need_of some volunteers to receive foreign students visiting our school.‎ ‎3．(2017•全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我知道你对乒乓球很感兴趣，它被认为是中国的国球，在我们国家体育领域非常重要。(which引导非限制性定语从句， be of＋抽象名词)‎ I_know_you_show_great_interest_in_pingpong,_which_is_regarded_as_the_National_Ball_of_China_and_of_great_value_in_sports_field_in_our_country.‎ ‎(二)课堂重点释疑 ‎[短语集释]‎ ‎1．in terms of ...就……来说；从……角度 ‎[记牢]‎ in the long/short term/run　 就长远/短期而言 be on good terms with 与……处得好 come to terms with 达成协议；和好；接受；适应 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①The country is very poor and it has to come to terms with the neighbouring countries.‎ ‎②The agreement should have very positive results in the long term.‎ ‎③Bear in mind that with humor sense, you can always be on good terms with others.‎ ‎[写美]　补全句子 ‎④就学习和健康来说，我们应该养成健康的生活方式。‎ In_terms_of_study_and_health,_we should develop a healthy lifestyle.‎ ‎2．show ...in带或领……进来 ‎[记牢]‎ show ... out　　　　　　　　 带或领……出去 show off 炫耀；展示 show up 出现；来到某处 show sb. around/round 领某人参观 show ... for sb. 向某人表示……‎ show ... to sb. 给某人看……‎ show respect for 对……表达尊敬 show interest in 对……感兴趣 ‎[练通]　选用上述短语填空 ‎①We should _show__respect_for old people, our parents and our teachers.‎ ‎②He promised to attend the meeting, but he hasn't shown_up yet.‎ ‎③If you come to Hangzhou this weekend, I'll be very glad to show you around/round our beautiful city then.‎ ‎④Mike has only driven to the pub to show_off his new car — he usually walks.‎ ‎[写美]　翻译句子 ‎⑤(2016•全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)欢迎任何一个对这次摄影展感兴趣的同学参加。‎ Any_student_who_shows_interest_in_this_photography_show_is_welcome_to_participate.‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎“be of＋抽象名词”结构 ‎ [教材原句]　 Will that be_of_any_use to you?‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)The way that he had thought of to deal with the problem was of great importance. ‎ ‎(2)His opinion is considered to be of great value.‎ ‎→His opinion is considered to be very valuable.‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ ‎“be of＋抽象名词”结构，名词通常是use, importance, help, value, interest, benefit等，该结构相当于“be＋名词所对应的形容词”，这类名词前可用no, some, any, little, much, great等对其进行修饰。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018•浙江高考写作)I treasure this as a good chance and it is of benefit to me in many ways.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2016•全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Your guide and suggestions are of great help to me and I'm looking forward to your early reply.(总结句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 pass ... off as, fade out, in terms of, in need of, make one's acquaintance, generally speaking, show ... in, rob ... of ...‎ ‎1．In an advertisement I know that your company is _in_need_of a temporary interpreter.‎ ‎2．They purchased pieces of old furniture and passed them off_as valuable antiques.‎ ‎3．He is a friendly and kind man and I am thankful for the opportunity to have made_his_acquaintance.‎ ‎4．Please wait here and show the guests in when they don't know how to find the art show hall.‎ ‎5．As the program ended, the music slowly faded_out and someone began to speak.‎ ‎6．Generally_speaking,_when a child learns to read, he usually begins from ABC. ‎ ‎7．However, in_terms_of nutrition, fast food is far from satisfactory.‎ ‎8．They threatened to shoot him and robbed him of all his possessions.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 ‎1．当我们和朋友发生冲突的时候，换位思考是十分重要的。(be of＋n.)‎ Putting ourselves in their shoes is_of_great_importance/significance when we have conflicts with friends.‎ ‎2．他们开始做实验，希望会成功。(形容词短语作状语)‎ They started the experiment, hopeful_for_success.‎ ‎3．当被问到他成功的秘诀时，他把这一切都归功于他父母的支持和鼓励。(状语从句省略)‎ When_asked_the_secret_of_his_success,_he owed all to the support and encouragement of his parents. ‎ ‎4．小男孩在离家后还未回来，使得他父母很担心。(which引导非限制性定语从句)‎ The little boy hasn't come back yet after leaving home, which_makes_his_parents_worried.‎ ‎5．在接下来的半小时里，如果这个问题必须解决会怎样呢？ (what if ...)‎ What_if_this_problem_have_to_be_solved in the next half hour?‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 根据下列提示，写一篇关于马克•吐温及其作品《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》的评论。‎ ‎1．马克•吐温(Mark Twain)，美国作家，出生于密西西比河(the Mississippi River)畔小城。‎ ‎2．代表作(masterpiece)之一《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》(The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn)。这部小说讲述了白人小孩Huckleberry Finn从家中逃走，和黑奴吉姆在密西西比河流浪的故事。《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》在美国文学史上一直被称为最伟大的作品。‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 ‎1．审题：①文体：文学评论　②人称：主要是第三人称 ‎③时态：主要是一般过去时和一般现在时 ‎2．本文要点具体、明确，因此审题、拟点没有困难，根据题目和要求，可从以下三个要点来写作：‎ 要点1：简短介绍马克•吐温(美国作家，出生地)；‎ 要点2：介绍其代表作《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》(故事梗概)；‎ 要点3：评论这部作品(地位)。‎ 要点1：马克•吐温是一位杰出的美国作家。他在密西西比河畔小城长大。(extraordinary)‎ Mark_Twain_was_an_extraordinary_American_writer.He_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River.‎ 要点2－①：他的代表作之一是《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》。这部小说讲述了哈克贝利•费恩从家中逃走，在密西西比河流浪的故事。‎ One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn.The_novel_tells_of_Huckleberry_Finn_running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River.‎ 要点2－②：不久他结识了一位黑人奴隶吉姆。(acquaintance, slave)‎ Soon_he_makes_the_acquaintance_of_a_black_slave,_Jim.‎ 要点2－③：哈克贝利•费恩遇见的人物涵盖了社会各个阶层，因此这部小说生动地反映了当时的社会。‎ With_the_people_Huckleberry_Finn_meets_covering_all_walks_of_life ‎,_the_novel_vividly_reflects_the_society_at_that_time.‎ 要点3：《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》在美国文学上是一部经典的小说。‎ The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn_is_a_classic_novel_in_American_literature.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行添枝加叶或者升级，用更高级表达，使表达更亮眼。要点1可以使用同位语形式进行升级；要点2－①使用which引导的非限制性定语从句进行升级；要点2－②后添加if引导的虚拟语气，说明如果没有遇见吉姆的结果；要点3可增加状语“从许多方面来考虑”并用过去分词作状语表达。‎ 升级要点1：马克•吐温，杰出美国作家，在密西西比河畔的一座小城长大。(同位语)‎ Mark_Twain,_an_extraordinary_American_writer,_grew_up_in_a_small_town_on_the_banks_of_the_Mississippi_River.‎ 升级要点2－①：他的代表作之一是《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》，讲述了哈克贝利•费恩从家中逃走，在密西西比河流浪的故事。(which引导非限制性定语从句)‎ One_of_his_masterpieces_is_The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn，which_tells_of_Huckleberry_Finn_running_away_from_home_and_wandering_down_the_Mississippi_River.‎ 补充要点2－②：如果他没有遇见吉姆，也就没有后来的这些事了。(if引导的虚拟语气)‎ If_he_hadn't_met_Jim,_there_could_never_have_been_such_things_later_on.‎ 拓展要点3：从许多方面来考虑，《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》在美国文学上是一部经典的小说。(过去分词作状语) ‎ Considered_in_many_aspects，The_Adventures_of_Huckleberry_Finn_is_a_classic_novel_in_American_literature.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 文学评论一般先简短介绍作者，再介绍被评论的书刊，最后再给出对这本书的评价。这一类的文章一般不需要太多的衔接，关键在于理清要点的先后顺序，注意要点间的衔接、连贯。‎ Mark Twain, an extraordinary American writer, grew up in a small town on the banks of the Mississippi River.One of his masterpieces is The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which tells of Huckleberry Finn running away from home and wandering down the Mississippi River.Soon he makes the acquaintance of a black slave, Jim.If he hadn't met Jim, there could never have been such things later on.With the people Huckleberry Finn meets covering all walks of life, the novel vividly reflects the society at that time.‎ Considered in many aspects，The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is a classic novel in American literature.‎ ‎ ‎ 掌握阅读技能之(六)　推理 推理判断题要求考生由文章中已知信息出发，对题干要求的内容进行合理推测，大多会问及文章的暗示、推论、结论、人物的身份和关系、作者的观点、态度和语气等。这类试题，除了需要准确、透彻地理解文章、理顺文章的脉络外，还要求考生有一定的思考提炼和逻辑推理的能力。该题型在高考阅读理解中难度较大，是取得高分必须要攻破的一道难关。‎ ‎[高考典例1]　(2018•全国卷Ⅰ•D篇)‎ We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.‎ Q：What does the author think of new devices?‎ A．They are environmentfriendly.‎ B．They are no better than the old.‎ C．They cost more to use at home.‎ D．They go out of style quickly.‎ ‎[分析]　根据最后一句“这些过时的设备比那些做同样事情的新设备消耗更多的能源”，可推断出新设备更节能、更环保。故选A。‎ ‎[高考典例2]　(2018•全国卷Ⅱ•A篇)‎ Activity Description Member of staff Cost Potty about Potter (POT) Visit Warner Bros Studio, shop stop to buy picnic, stay overnight in an approved Youth Hostel in StreatleyonThames, guided tour of Oxford to see the film locations，picnic lunch outside Oxford's Christchurch, boating on the River Cherwell through the University Parks, before heading back to Exeter. Miss Drake ￡150‎ Q：How long does Potty about Potter last?‎ A．Two days.　　　　　　　　　B．Four days.‎ C．Five days. D．One week.‎ ‎[分析]　根据这则广告可知，该广告提到参观华纳兄弟演播室、买野餐、在青年旅舍住一晚(stay overnight)，那么后面交代的坐船游览查韦尔河就应该是第二天的活动，由此推断这个活动的持续时间是两天。故选A。‎ ‎[高考典例3]　(2018•全国卷Ⅱ•C篇)‎ ‎[1]Teens and younger children are reading a lot less for fun, according to a Common Sense Media report published Monday.‎ ‎[2]While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers, some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children's lives, and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading.‎ ‎[3]According to the report's key findings, “the proportion (比例) who say they ‘hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13yearolds ‎ and 9 percent of 17yearolds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectively today.”‎ ‎[4]The report data shows that pleasure reading levels for younger children, ages 2－8, remain largely the same. But the amount of time spent in reading each session has declined, from closer to an hour or more to closer to a half hour per session.‎ ‎[5]When it comes to technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading. It does point out that many parents still limit electronic reading, mainly due to concerns about increased screen time.‎ Q：Where can you find the data that best supports “children are reading a lot less for fun”？‎ A．In paragraph 2. B．In paragraph 3.‎ C．In paragraph 4. D．In paragraph 5.‎ ‎[分析]　第一段中提出“为了乐趣而阅读的儿童人数减少了”，第三段中通过一些数据来支持这一观点，故选B。‎ ‎[课下语篇提能练]　　　 30分钟 ‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Jewel's Online Footwear Store Leather Dress Shoes Price：$120.00‎ Color: Black leather/Brown leather/Red leather/Natural leather Average Rating: 3 out of 5 stars Shipping Info：Standard: 7－10 business days/Express：3－5 days Customer Reviews ‎1．★★★★★‎ My favorite shoes! I've been to many conferences where my business fellows have told me how much they like my shoes.Just wearing them makes me feel more calm and content in the office.I recommend them to all of my coworkers, and I own a pair of each color.‎ ‎2．★‎ These are the worst shoes I have ever worn! The leather came off after only one week, and everybody thought they were ugly.The bottoms of the shoes made everything slippery.My employer fired me because he hated them！From then on, I would only wear Brand X shoes!‎ ‎3．★★★‎ These shoes do exactly what shoes are supposed to do.There isn't anything too special about them. In the morning, I put them on and go about my day.They look delightful enough, and they are quite durable.I will probably buy another pair.‎ ‎4．★★★★‎ These shoes are my most cherished (珍爱的) possessions.I met my bride ‎ while buying a pair of these shoes.She was a customer service employee at the store I bought them at，and after she sold me three pairs, I asked her for her phone number and we started dating.Soon after that，we were engaged.We are getting married this afternoon, and I couldn't be happier.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了一家网上鞋店所售的一种皮鞋的相关信息以及四位顾客的不同评价。‎ ‎1．How many pairs of leather dress shoes does the first customer own?‎ A．One.　　　　　　　　　　 B．Two.‎ C．Three. D．Four.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一位顾客的评价中的“I own a pair of each color”可知，这位顾客每种颜色各有一双；再根据文章开头对鞋子颜色的介绍“Color：Black leather/Brown leather/Red leather/Natural leather”可知，这家鞋店的这种鞋共有四种颜色，所以这位顾客有四双这种鞋。故选D项。‎ ‎2．Which customer do you feel gives the most balanced and objective view?‎ A．Customer 1. B．Customer 2.‎ C．Customer 3. D．Customer 4.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第三位顾客对所买鞋的评价中的“These shoes do exactly what shoes are supposed to do ...they are quite durable.”可知，这位顾客认为这种鞋子实用、耐穿。他对这种鞋既没有过分夸奖，也没有过度贬低，而是围绕鞋子给出了相对客观的评价。故选C 项。‎ ‎3．Why does the fourth customer like the shoes?‎ A．He got to know his bride while buying them.‎ B．They make him feel more comfortable.‎ C．They are made to last.‎ D．They make him attractive.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。第四位顾客的评价中提到“I met my bride while buying a pair of these shoes.”，再结合其后的叙述可知，因为在这家鞋店买的这几双鞋的“牵线搭桥”，这位顾客认识了他的新娘，所以这位顾客很喜欢这些鞋。故选A项。‎ B Life can sometimes go_haywire rather like the feeling you get when you've lost control of your moving car.It's a feeling of complete helplessness and panic that makes us feel overwhelmed (被压垮的)．‎ In most cases, there is a difference between our expectations and reality.The greater the difference, the greater the feeling is of being overwhelmed.This difference is often created when our expectations are too demanding or when reality changes in a way we did not expect.Think of the weather ruining your carefully made travel plans to get across the state.Think of that illness that made you stay in bed.While we may be feeling overwhelmed with everything going on in our lives right now, there are some steps we can take to regain a sense of control of our lives.‎ We all know we should control our emotion properly and we can be affected greatly when we are overwhelmed, but feeling overwhelmed is part of life.When we're feeling overwhelmed, it only means we are living, breathing human beings.For life is like a roller coaster ride with its ups, downs and turns.It's also like the season with its alternating periods of relative calm and periods of varying degrees of stress and anxiety.Sometimes we forget this.‎ No matter how much we try, we may not be able to control reality.But we can adjust our expectations to match reality.This may mean revising our goals and tasks or quitting projects.It may feel like failure in the moment, like giving up, but this ability is an opportunity to create success in the long term.Working with reality rather than against it can give us hope.‎ When we're feeling overwhelmed, we can easily fall into an allornothing (孤注一掷)．We may overlook the things we manage to accomplish when we feel overwhelmed.But celebrating our small wins creates space for gratitude to take hold in our hearts.Trade our expectations for appreciation and our whole world changes in an instant.Celebrating wins (whatever size！) allows us to clearly see the progress we are making.Acknowledging our small bites and celebrating our wins however small makes us have a more accepting attitude toward the opportunities, the gifts and the joys in our lives.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。面对生活中的不如意，我们有时会感到绝望，感觉被压垮了。但我们可以采取一些有效的方法来摆脱这种困扰。 ‎ ‎4．The underlined phrase “go haywire” can be replaced by ________.‎ A．be in a mess B．become dull C．bring surprises D．change quickly 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，生活有时候会陷入混乱，就像你对行驶中的汽车失去控制时的感觉。这是一种彻底无助和恐慌的感觉，使你感觉被压垮了。go haywire意为“陷入混乱”。‎ ‎5．What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?‎ A．We fail to control our emotion sometimes.‎ B．We must learn to control our emotion well.‎ C．It is natural for everyone to feel overwhelmed.‎ D．Feeling overwhelmed is a big barrier to our life.‎ 解析：选C　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，我们都知道应该控制好自己的情绪，当我们感觉被压垮时，我们会受到这种情绪很大的影响。但感到被压垮是生活的一部分，表明我们是有生命的人类，只是我们总是会忘记这一点。由此可知，第三段主要是说感到被压垮对每个人来说是自然的。‎ ‎6．What should we do when we can't control reality?‎ A．Accept our failure and quit.‎ B．Change our goal based on reality.‎ C．Try our best to change reality.‎ D．Find a better way to realize our goal.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“No matter how much we try ... or quitting projects.”可知，无论我们怎么努力，可能都无法改变现实。但是我们可以调整我们的预期以匹配现实。这或许意味着修改我们的目标和任务，或者放弃我们的计划。由此可知，当我们无法掌控现实时，我们可以根据现实来改变我们的目标。‎ ‎7．What can we infer from the last paragraph?‎ A．Small bites are better than big wins.‎ B．We should show gratitude to others.‎ C．Celebrating small wins helps us make progress.‎ D．We should appreciate even small achievements of ours.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，庆祝小的成功有利于在我们心中创造感激的空间。庆祝胜利(无论大小)可以让我们清楚地看到我们正在取得的进步。认可我们的小成就并庆祝胜利，无论它有多小，这会使我们能够更乐于接受生活中的机会、礼物和乐趣。由此可推知，我们应该欣赏我们哪怕很小的成就，故选D项。‎ C The work of Rosenthal and Jacobson shows that teacher expectations influence students' performance.Positive expectations influence performance positively, and negative expectations influence performance ‎ negatively.Rosenthal and Jacobson originally described the phenomenon as the Pygmalion effect.Rosenthal wrote in 1985, “When we expect ‎ certain behaviors of others, we are likely to act in ways that make the expected behavior more likely to occur.”‎ The original research of Rosenthal and Jacobson focused on an experiment at an elementary school where students took intelligence pretests.Rosenthal and Jacobson then informed the teachers of the names of 20% of the students in the school who were showing “unusual potential for intellectual growth” and would have excellent academic performance within the year.Unknown to the teachers, these students were selected randomly (随意地) with no relation to the pretest.‎ When Rosenthal and Jacobson tested the students eight months later, they discovered that the randomly selected students who the teachers thought would perform excellently scored much higher.Why does the Pygmalion effect occur? If the teacher thinks the students can't achieve very much, or are not bright enough, he/she may tend to teach simple stuff, do lots of drills, read from his/her notes, and give simple assignments calling for simplistic answers, according to scientists.‎ Therefore, there are some practical tips for teachers: Never forecast failure in the classroom.If you know a test is particularly difficult, tell your students that the test is difficult but you are sure that they will do well if they work hard to prepare for it.Do not participate in gripe (发牢骚) sessions about students.Teachers who gripe about students are establishing a culture of failure for their students, their department and ‎ their own teaching.Establish high expectations.Students achieve more when teachers have higher expectations.When you give students a difficult assignment, tell them, “I know you can do this.” If you genuinely believe that your students cannot perform the assignment, put off the assignment and reteach the material.‎ 语篇解读：美国著名心理学家罗森塔尔和雅格布森提出了皮格马利翁效应，指热切的期望与赞美能够产生奇迹。这一效应对教学会产生怎样的影响呢？‎ ‎8．How did Rosenthal and Jacobson conduct their experiment?‎ A．They trained the selected students before experimenting.‎ B．They selected the students without referring to the test results.‎ C．They gave pretests in order to divide students into different groups.‎ D．They selected students according to the students' academic performance.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。文章第二段“Unknown to the teachers, these students were selected randomly (随意地) with no relation to the pretest.”可知，这些“有潜力的”学生是他们随意挑选的，同前期测试的结果毫无关系。‎ ‎9．How do the teachers teach less potential students according to the scientists?‎ A．They praise them all the time.‎ B．They spare no efforts to help them.‎ C．They are likely to give them easy homework.‎ D．They ask them to practice more to catch up with others.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段“If the teacher thinks the students can't achieve ...calling for simplistic answers”可知，老师对于基础薄弱的学生会倾向于给他们教授简单的知识，布置简单的任务。‎ ‎10．What is the best title of this passage?‎ A．No Pains, No Gains B．Testing Matters in Education C．How to Be a Qualified Teacher D．The Higher Expectations, the Better Achievements 解析：选D　标题归纳题。根据全文大意，本文主题可归纳为“更高的期望可产生更好的结果”。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Perhaps you have heard the expression “When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” So when you want to do business in France, you have to get to know French culture, make marketing plans, and run your business by local laws.‎ ‎__1__ The French take great pride in their language, so anyone who does not speak it may run the risk of being disrespected by his French colleagues or business partners.Also, another reason why learning French is important is that it is a great way to show every possible French business partner that you care and respect their country's culture and ‎ language.‎ The first thing that you should do when meeting someone new is to shake his hand firmly and always look at the person in the eye.In social meetings with friends, kissing is common.‎ Use first names only after being invited to.__2__ The French will sometimes introduce themselves using their surname first, followed by their first name.‎ Dress well.__3__ Your business clothing is a reflection of your success and social status.Always try to be tasteful and stylish.Women are advised to dress simply but elegantly.Wearing makeup is practiced widely by businesswomen.‎ The French are passionate about food, so lunches are common in doing business in France, which usually consist of an appetizer, a main meal with wine, cheese, dessert and coffee, and normally take up to two hours.__4__‎ Do not begin eating until the host says “bon appetite”. Pass dishes to the left, keep wrists above the table and try to eat everything on the plate.__5__ This may suggest that you find the food tasteless.If eating in a restaurant, the person who makes an invitation always pays.‎ A．Remember to be as polite as possible.‎ B．This is a time for relationship building.‎ C．Use Monsieur or Madame before the surname.‎ D．Be careful with adding salt, pepper or sauces to your food.‎ E．Make an appointment with your business partner in advance.‎ F．The French draw information about people based on their appearance.‎ G．Language should be the focus of anyone planning to do business in France.‎ 语篇解读：任何人如果想在法国做生意，都需要了解法国的文化，做到入乡随俗。‎ ‎1．选G　根据本段后面的内容可知，法国人为他们的语言感到骄傲，所以想在法国做生意，学习法语是很重要的。G项“任何打算在法国做生意的人都应该关注语言”与下文联系紧密，故选G。‎ ‎2．选C　结合空处前后的内容可以看出，本段就名字的使用提出了建议，而与名字的使用相关的是C项“在姓之前使用先生或夫人”，故选C。‎ ‎3．选F　本段的中心句是第一句“Dress well.”，接着就服饰方面提出了一些建议，故空处应选F项“法国人根据人们的外表来获取信息”。‎ ‎4．选B　根据本段第一句可知，法国人酷爱食物，在法国做生意时，共进午餐是很常见的，且午餐用时多达两个小时。那么，共进午餐的时间也是建立关系的时间，B项符合语境。‎ ‎5．选D　本段就餐桌礼仪方面提出了建议。D项“在食物中加入盐、胡椒粉或酱汁时要小心”与下一句“这可能表明你觉得饭菜没味儿”衔接紧密，故本空选D。‎