2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修六Unit3Understandingeachother单元学案设计（42页） 50页

‎2019版一轮复习英语译林版必修六Unit3 Understanding each other单元学案设计 ‎ 社会生活之(四)——文化差异 ‎ [一积词汇见多识广]　‎ ‎[课内单词回扣]‎ ‎(一)阅读词汇写其义 ‎1．wedding n．婚礼　　　　2.reception n．招待会；接待；接受 ‎3．offence n．冒犯；侮辱 4.minority n．少数民族；少数 ‎5．gesture n．手势；姿势；示意动作 6.firework n．焰火，烟花 ‎7．musical adj.音乐的n.音乐剧 8.plain n．平原adj.清楚的；坦诚的 ‎(二)表达词汇写其形 ‎1．ensure vt.保证，确保 2.throughout prep.& adv.自始至终 ‎3．familiar adj.通晓；熟悉 4.account n．描述，叙述；账目 ‎5．accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的 6.expectation n．期望，盼望 ‎(三)拓展词汇灵活用 ‎*1.greet vt.和某人打招呼(或问好)→greeting n．招呼；问候；问候语 ‎*2.congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺词 ‎*3.permit vt.& vi.允许，准许 n．许可证→permission n．允许，许可 ‎　4.prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止→prohibition n．禁止；禁令 ‎*5.adjust vi.& vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节→adjustment n．调整→adjustable adj.可调整的，可调节的 ‎　6.celebration n．庆典；庆祝活动→celebrate v．庆祝 ‎　7.religion n．宗教→religious adj.宗教的；虔诚的 ‎*8.slight adj.轻微的→slightly adv.轻微地；稍微地 ‎*9.bravery n．勇敢→brave adj.勇敢的 ‎　10.govern vt.统治；控制，支配→governor n．主管人员；统治者→government n．政府 ‎ 用上面加*号的单词的适当形式填空 ‎1．The headmaster wrote a letter to congratulate her on her good performance and in turn the exciting congratulations encouraged her greatly.‎ ‎2．It was brave of her to go into the burning building to save the ‎ boy, so we all respect her for her bravery and unselfishness.‎ ‎3．Although there has been a slight increase of the population, this city still has a small population, only slightly over three hundred thousand.‎ ‎4．Even if you have a permit,_I won't permit you to enter the hall without her permission.‎ ‎5．To my surprise, instead of mailing a greeting card, she greeted me with a hug and said “Merry Christmas”．‎ ‎6．The height of the bicycle seat is adjustable,_so my son's bike demands constant adjustments.‎ ‎[话题单词积累]‎ ‎1．custom /'kʌstəm/ n．　　　　风俗 ‎2．culture /'kʌltʃə(r)/ n. 文化 ‎3．cultural /'kʌltʃərəl/ adj. 文化的 ‎4．difference /'dɪfrəns/ n. 差别，差异 ‎5．conflict /'kɒnflɪkt/ n. 冲突 ‎6．abroad /'əbrɔːd/ adv. 到国外，在海外 ‎7．overseas /əʊvə'siːz/ adv. 在(向)海外 ‎8．communicate /kə'mjuːnɪkeɪt/ vt.　　传达 vi.　　通讯 ‎9．appropriate /ə'prəʊpriət/ adj. 适当的；恰当的 ‎10．handshake /'hændʃeɪk/ n. 握手 ‎11．formal /'fɔːml/ adj. 正式的 ‎12．bow /bəʊ/ vi. 鞠躬 ‎13．informal /ɪn'fɔːml/ adj. 非正式的 ‎14．rude /ruːd/ adj. 粗鲁的；无礼的 ‎15．embarrassment /ɪm'bærəsmənt/ n．窘迫 ‎16．embarrassing /ɪm'bærəsɪŋ/ adj.令人尴尬的 ‎17．embarrassed /ɪm'bærəst/ adj.尴尬的 ‎18．situation /sɪtʃu'eɪʃn/ n. 处境，情形 ‎19．friendly /'frendli/ adj. 友好的，亲密的 ‎20．avoid /ə'vɔɪd/ vt. 避开，避免 ‎21．misunderstand /mɪsʌndə'stænd/ vt.误会 ‎22．properly /'prɒpəli/ adv. 适当地；恰当地 ‎23．manner /'mænə(r)/ n．方式，举止；礼貌 ‎24．respect /rɪ'spekt/ vt. 尊重；尊敬 ‎25．offend /ə'fend/ vt.触怒；得罪，冒犯 ‎26．uncomfortable /ʌn'kʌmftəbl/ adj.不舒服的 ‎27．unawareness /ˌʌnə'wɛrnɪs/ n．不知觉 ‎28．habit /'hæbɪt/ n. 习惯，习性 ‎29．local /'ləʊkl/ adj. 地方的；当地的 ‎30．foreign /'fɒrən/ adj. 外国的 ‎31．realize /'riːəlaɪz/ vt.实现；了解，意识到 ‎32．express /ɪk'spres/ v. 表达 ‎33．western /'westən/ adj. 西方的；欧美的 ‎34．traditional /trə'dɪʃənl/ adj. 传统的 ‎ [二积短语顿挫抑扬]　‎ ‎ [课内短语回扣]‎ ‎(一)根据汉语写出下列短语 ‎*1.be_supposed_to_do_sth. 应该做某事　　　　*2.adjust_to 适应 ‎　3.be_accustomed_to_doing_sth.习惯做某事 *4.be_familiar_with 通晓，熟悉 ‎*5.after_all 毕竟，终究 　6.be_similar_to 和……相似 ‎　7.do_without 没有……也行 *8.let_alone 更不用说 ‎*9.show_sb._around 带某人参观、游览 *10.take_up 占据(时间或空间)‎ ‎　11.be_connected_with 与……有关系 　12.be_aware_of 知道，意识到 ‎　13.belong_to 属于 　14.have_power_over 控制，支配 ‎　15.be_home_to 是……的家园，是……的所在地 ‎(二)用上面加*号的短语完成下列句子 ‎1．The man can hardly pay house rent, let_alone buy the house.‎ ‎2．My bedroom is a bit small; the bed takes_up too much room.‎ ‎3．The species that fail to adjust_to the changing conditions of existence will gradually become extinct.‎ ‎4．I have learned to use computers and have been_familiar_with all clerical duties.‎ ‎5．We are_not_supposed_to speak loudly in a reading room, which is ‎ impolite.‎ ‎6．Don't blame on him; after_all,_he is a green hand. ‎ ‎7．In the afternoon, you will be_shown_around (游览) our newlybuilt museum.‎ ‎[话题短语积累]‎ ‎1．go through 　　　　　经历 ‎2．be faced with 面对 ‎3．out of place 不适当 ‎4．say hello to 向……问好 ‎5．take ... for example 以……为例 ‎6．express one's feelings 表达某人 的情感 ‎7．body language 身势语 ‎8．culture shock/conflict 文化冲突 ‎9．face to face 面对面 ‎10．in public 在公共场合 ‎11．shake one's hand 握手 ‎12．for the first time 第一次 ‎13．from culture to culture 从一种文化到另一种文化 ‎14．table manners 餐桌礼仪 ‎15．social skills 社交技能 ‎16．deal with 处理，对付 ‎[三积句式写作扮靓]　‎ ‎[课内句式仿写]‎ ‎1．have trouble (in) doing sth. “做某事有困难”。‎ ‎[例句]　Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it. ‎ ‎[仿写]　无论何时你理解唐诗有困难，你都可以向我寻求帮助。(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)‎ You could turn to me whenever you have_trouble_in_understanding Tang poems.‎ ‎2．the reason why ... is that ...“……的原因是……”‎ ‎[例句]　One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.‎ ‎[仿写]　星期五下午我不能跟你一块去书店的原因是那天下午我有个重要的会议要参加。(2016·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)‎ The_reason_why I can't go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon is_that I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon.‎ ‎3．dislike it when ...“不喜欢……”‎ ‎[例句]　They dislike it when people do not look at the cards, so ‎ remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.‎ ‎[仿写]　很多人不喜欢别人让他们给那些他们甚至不在意的比赛进行网上投票。(2016·江苏高考满分作文)‎ Many people dislike_it_when they are urged to cast online votes for competitions that they even don't care.‎ ‎[话题佳句背诵]‎ ‎1．If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own, you should do as the Romans do when in Rome.‎ 如果你去习俗完全不同的地方旅游，你应该入乡随俗。‎ ‎2．Although these are very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and written words.‎ 尽管这些很重要，但我们并不只是通过口头和书面语言进行交流。‎ ‎3．Considering the different cultures, values and levels of economic development in China and the West, both sides should respect the diversity of their development paths.‎ 考虑到中国和西方在文化、价值观和经济发展水平上的不同，双方都应该尊重他们发展道路上的差异。‎ ‎4．People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable without meaning to or sometimes without even realizing it. ‎ 不同文化背景的人在一起有时会做出一些令对方感到不舒服的事——他们并非故意要这样做，有时甚至连他们自己都未察觉到。‎ ‎[四背语段语感流畅]　‎ Before I go abroad for further study, I have to make some preparations. I think the most important thing I need to do first is adjust to the customs there.There is a big difference between the eastern and western culture. If I know nothing, it is easy for me to have culture shock and to cause communication problems. It will put me into an embarrassing situation.It is possible that I misunderstand what they said, or that they misunderstand me. So I need to learn as many cultural conflicts as possible to make my overseas life become easier.‎ 在我出国之前，我得做一些准备工作。我想我首先需要做的是适应那里的习俗。东西方文化有很大差异。如果我什么都不知道，很容易发生文化冲突，产生交流问题。这会置我于一个尴尬的处境。可能我会误解他们的话，或他们误解我。所以我要尽量了解更多的文化冲突，这样我的海外生活才会变得更容易。‎ ‎ [第一板块　重点词汇突破]　‎ ‎[师生共研词汇]‎ ‎1．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　During the ceremony, the hen laid an egg, and everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very lucky.‎ 在婚礼仪式上，母鸡下了个蛋，每个人都会祝贺这对新婚夫妇，因为这被认为是非常幸运的。‎ ‎(1)congratulate ... on ...　　就……向……祝贺 ‎(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；恭喜 Congratulations! 祝贺！恭喜你！‎ congratulations (to sb.) on sth. 祝贺(某人)某事 ‎①Many foreign leaders congratulated China on holding the nineteen National People's Congress.‎ 许多外国领导人祝贺中国十九次全国人民代表大会召开。‎ ‎②I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your success.‎ 我想对你的成功表示诚挚的祝贺。‎ ‎2．permit vt.& vi.允许，准许n.许可证 ‎ ‎　[经典例句]　Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library.‎ 在这个图书馆的任何地方，都不允许打电话。‎ ‎(1)permit sb. to do sth.　　允许某人做某事 permit doing sth. 允许做某事 ‎(2)a driver's/driving permit 驾驶执照 ‎(3)permission n. 允许；许可 with/without one's permission获得某人同意/没有获得某人同意 ask for permission 请求允许 ‎①Passengers are permitted to_carry (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.‎ 乘客只被允许带一件手提行李登机。 ‎ ‎②The rules of the school do not permit parking (park) near the school gate.‎ 学校规定不允许把车停放在大门口附近。‎ ‎③With your permission (permit), I will carry out the project as soon as possible.‎ 如果你答应的话，我将尽快开展这项计划。‎ ‎[名师点津]　permit用作不及物动词，可表示时间、条件、天气等“允许的话”，此时常用于独立主格结构，即“名词＋现在分词”。‎ ‎④We'll have a picnic in the woods, weather permitting (permit)．‎ 如果天气允许的话，我们将在树林里野餐。‎ ‎3．adjust vi.& vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节；整理，整顿 ‎ ‎　[高考佳句]　For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start adjusting your biological clock to the destination's time. (2015·重庆高考)‎ 例如，你一上飞机，就开始把生物钟调整到目的地时间。‎ ‎(1)adjust sth. to sth.　　　　　　调整……以适应……‎ adjust to sth./doing sth. 适应于(做)……‎ adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……‎ ‎(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应 make an adjustment/adjustments to对……作出调整 ‎①To our delight, the kids quickly adjusted_themselves_to the surroundings.‎ 令我们高兴的是，孩子们很快适应了环境。‎ ‎②We made a few minor adjustments (adjust) to the plan.‎ 我们对计划作了些小的调整。‎ ‎③My parents had trouble adjusting to living (live) in an apartment.‎ 我父母不适应在公寓住。‎ ‎4．account n．描述，叙述；报道；账户 v．解释，说明；考虑；认为 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　You will have the chance to join one of these large assemblies and take part in the dancing, listen to traditional accounts of bravery, and play games.‎ 你将有机会加入这些大型集会中的一个并参与跳舞活动，聆听他们传统的英勇故事，还可以参与游戏节目。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中account的词性和含义 ‎①He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened.n.描述 ‎ ‎②Some banks make it difficult to open an account, which is especially for the old.n.账户 ‎③Several eyewitnesses' accounts differed completely from the official version of events.n.叙述 ‎④We all account him a qualified teacher, and he is also respected by his students.vt.认为 ‎ ‎⑤Can you account for your movements on that night？v.解释 ‎(1)account for　　 解释；说明；占……(比例)‎ ‎(2)on account of 由于；因为 on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)‎ ‎(3)take ... into account/consideration ‎＝take account of 　考虑……‎ ‎⑥The minority nationalities account_for six per cent of the population.‎ 少数民族占人口的6%。‎ ‎⑦On_no_account must employees make personal telephone calls from the office.‎ 工作人员决不允许在办公室打私人电话。‎ ‎⑧I sincerely hope that you will take my suggestions into account/consideration.‎ 我真诚地希望你将考虑我的建议。‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“决不”的短语还有：‎ ‎①in no case　　②by no means　　　③at no time ‎④in no way ⑤under no circumstances ‎[自主练通词汇]‎ ‎1．ensure vt.保证，担保，确保 ‎ ‎　补全句子 ‎①好好睡一觉将保证你更快复原。‎ A good sleep will ensure_you_quicker_recovery.‎ ‎②这种药将保证你一晚睡眠良好。‎ This medicine will ensure_you_a_good_night's_sleep.‎ ‎③我不能保证他会准时。‎ I can't ensure his being on time.‎ ‎＝I can't ensure_that he will be on time.‎ ‎2．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止，不准；阻止 ‎ ‎　(1)单句语法填空 ‎①It seems that local laws prohibit building (build) near the parks. ‎ ‎②Federal law prohibits foreign airlines from owning more than 25% of any U．S. airline. ‎ ‎(2)补全句子 ‎③这些公民被禁止出国旅行。‎ These citizens were_prohibited_from_travelling abroad.‎ ‎④校园内严禁吸烟。‎ The_prohibition_against_smoking on school grounds is strictly enforced.‎ ‎3．accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的 ‎ ‎　单句语法填空 ‎①I'm accustomed to listening (listen) to some light music before sleep.‎ ‎②The students quickly accustomed themselves (they) to the new timetable, which excited the teachers.‎ ‎③Accustomed(accustom) to living in the countryside, I found it hard to live in the city. ‎ ‎4．familiar adj.通晓；熟悉 ‎ ‎　一句多译 他对这个城市很熟悉，因为他是当地人。‎ ‎①He is_quite_familiar_with the city because he is a native of it.‎ ‎②The city is_quite_familiar_to him because he is a native of it.‎ ‎[点拨]　be/get familiar with“熟悉……；与……熟悉起来”，其主语通常是指人的名词；be familiar to“为……所熟悉”，其主语通常是人们所通晓的事物。‎ ‎[词汇过关练]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．I believe these donated books will not only make you more familiar with China, but help enhance your Chinese.‎ ‎2．On no account will I give up whatever difficulty I meet with.‎ ‎3．We had to get accustomed to the new working conditions.‎ ‎4．We must adjust ourselves to the new life as soon as possible.‎ ‎5．“Congratulations (congratulate) on your success in completing the experiment，” said she.‎ ‎6．No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without permission.‎ ‎7．Proper clothing ensured us against/from suffering from the cold.‎ ‎8．It is my family finances that prohibit my going (go) to college.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．You should adjust you to the new living ways in the city.第二个you→yourself ‎2．The teachers spared no effort to ensure of all students had an equal chance. of→that ‎3．Time permits, we'll visit the Summer Palace.permits→permitting ‎4．He threw himself in front of the door and prohibited us into leaving._into→from ‎5．His explanation did not seem adequate to account of what had happened. of→for ‎6．Allow me to offer my warm congratulation to you on the success of your performance. congratulation→congratulations ‎7．I've lived near the railway for so long that I've grown accustoming to the noise of the train. accustoming→accustomed ‎8．He was familiar with me but I couldn't think of his name at once.with→to Ⅲ.单句写作(补全句子)‎ ‎1．如果你到了一个新地方，你必须尽快调整自己，适应新的环境。‎ If you go to a new place, you must adjust_yourself_to_the_new_surroundings quickly.‎ ‎2．由于在比赛中取得了第一名，他的许多朋友为他开了个庆祝会。‎ On_account_of the fact that he took the first place in the match, many of his friends held a party for him.‎ ‎3．你若没有驾驶执照，就不允许开车。‎ Without a driver's permit, you are_not_permitted_to_drive the car.‎ ‎4．谁也不愿意与惯于食言的人打交道。‎ No one wishes to deal with a person who is_accustomed_to_breaking his word.‎ ‎5．祝贺你大学学习中所取得的成绩，并祝你在新的工作中交好运。‎ Congratulations_to_you_on your studying achievement in your college life and wishes for your good luck with your new job.‎ ‎[第二板块　短语、句式突破]　‎ ‎1．let alone 更不用说 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　In his youth, however, he never left his home town, let alone travelled to another country, because he had to work to support his family. ‎ 然而，他在青年时代就从未离开过家乡，更不用说到过另外的国家了，因为他不得不工作养活他的家人。‎ let/leave sb. alone　别烦/不打扰某人 let/leave sth. alone 别碰某物；别管某事 ‎ let sb. down 使某人失望 let out 使出来，放出；出租(某物)；泄露(秘密)‎ let in 使进来，进入 ‎①In those days, we couldn't send our children to middle school, let_alone college.‎ 那时候，我们的孩子连中学都上不起，更不用说上大学了。‎ ‎②When he gets mad, you had better let_him_alone.‎ 他发火时， 你最好别管他。‎ ‎③I believe I can be a good volunteer and I won't let_you_down.‎ 我认为我能成为一名优秀的志愿者，我不会让你失望的。‎ ‎[名师点津]　let alone“更不用说”，相当于一个插入语，但其后所接的词的形式要求与前面的平行一致，一般用于否定句之后。其同义短语是not to mention。‎ ‎2．take up 占据(时间或空间)；拿起；开始从事；继续；接受 ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　I have no idea what he will do with them all, and it took up a lot of time.‎ 我不知道他将如何处理这些东西，而且还花费了很多时间。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出句中take up的含义 ‎①We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.占据(空间)‎ ‎②She took up the story where Tim had left off.继续 ‎③I always take up the book and read when I am in low spirits.拿起 ‎④Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.开始从事 ‎⑤Are you going to take up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing？接受 take down　　　　　　　写下；拆除 take in 收留；吸收；欺骗；领会；理解 take off 脱掉；起飞；成功 take on 雇用；呈现；承担 take over 接任；接替；采用 ‎⑥Don't be_taken_in by his promises.He never keeps his word.‎ 不要被他的花言巧语所欺骗。他从来没有遵守过诺言。‎ ‎3．Many foreigners have_trouble_getting accustomed to it. ‎ 很多外国人很难习惯这一点。 ‎ ‎　have trouble (in) doing sth. 意为“做某事有困难”；trouble为不可数名词，前面可加修饰词much, little, no等。‎ have some/no/little trouble/difficulty with sth.　某方面有/没有困难 have some/no/little difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有/没有困难 have problems/a hard time with sth./(in) doing sth. 某方面/做某事有困难 ‎①With the boy leading the way, we had_no_difficulty/trouble_(in)_finding his house.‎ 有这个男孩带路，我们毫不费力地找到了他的家。‎ ‎②Please don't hesitate to turn to us for help whenever you have_trouble/difficulty/problems with your study.‎ ‎＝No matter when you have_trouble/difficulty/problems_(in) studying, please don't hesitate to ask for our help.‎ 不论什么时候学习遇到困难，请马上找我们帮忙。‎ ‎ [名师点津]　对于句式have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.的考查，常把trouble/difficulty 提前，后跟定语从句，省略介词in，导致have与后面的动名词连在一起，要注意辨别。‎ ‎③You can't imagine what difficulty we had walking (walk) home in the snowstorm.‎ 你想像不到我们在暴风雪中走回家有多困难。‎ ‎4．One_reason_why there are so many French words in English is_that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.‎ 英语里有如此多的法语词汇的原因是法国人曾统治英格兰很长时间。 ‎ ‎　The reason why ... is that ... 表示“……的原因是……”。在此句型中why 引导定语从句修饰 the reason; that 引导表语从句，说明the reason 的内容。‎ ‎①The reason why/for_which he failed the English exam was that he didn't learn it well.‎ 他英语考试不及格的原因是他没学好。‎ ‎②The_reason_for_your_mistake_is_that you lack confidence in yourself.‎ 你犯错误的原因是你本身缺乏信心。‎ ‎③There was a lot of work to do.That_is_why I didn't go to the cinema that day.‎ 有很多工作要做。那就是我那天没去看电影的原因。‎ ‎[名师点津]　主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that/which，而不用why或because。‎ ‎[短语、句式过关练]‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 ‎1．We won't go wrong, because I am quite familiar_with the streets here.‎ ‎2．Once you have this craziness, you can achieve anything you want, let_alone learning English.‎ ‎3．The house belonging_to Mr Smith is very big and worth D|S8,000,000.‎ ‎4．Before you start to work, I'll show you around all the offices.‎ ‎5．After summing up the last lesson, we will take_up the new lesson.‎ ‎6．In my opinion, nobody can have_power_over anyone else's fate.‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．由于人手不够，我们完成任务有很大困难。‎ Not having got enough hands, we had_great_difficulty_in_carrying_out the task.‎ ‎2．我不喜欢在工作时间被打扰。‎ I_dislike_it_when I am disturbed during my work.‎ ‎3．大家认为艾滋病毒能逐渐破坏人的免疫系统。 ‎ It_is_believed_that the virus of AIDS can break down the immune system gradually. ‎ ‎4．他没有出席会议的原因是他突然病倒了。‎ The_reason_why he didn't attend the meeting was_that he fell ill suddenly.‎ Ⅲ.一句多译/句式升级 ‎1．他毫不费劲地解决了那道难题。‎ ‎①He_had_no_difficulty/trouble_in_working_out_the_difficult_problem. (have)‎ ‎②There_was_no_difficulty/trouble_for_him_in__working_out_the_difficult_problem. (there be)‎ ‎2．Tom was late for work this morning because he overslept.‎ ‎①Tom_overslept_this_morning._That_is_why_he_was_late_for_work. (that is why ...)‎ ‎②Tom_was_late_for_work_this_morning.That_is_because_he_overslept. (that is because ...)‎ ‎③The_reason_why_Tom_was_late_for_work_this_morning_was_that_he_overslept. (the reason why ... is that ...)‎ 提能一　用课文词汇写高分作文 difficult， accustomed， unhappy， show sb. around， reception， take up， familiar， ensure ‎ ‎1．补全要点句(“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语)‎ ‎①一些人在熟悉中国人和西方人的餐桌习惯上有点困难。‎ Some people find_it_difficult to master Chinese and Western eating habits.‎ ‎②中国人习惯 于大家共吃一桌菜。西方人则更喜欢吃自己餐具里的食物。‎ Chinese are/get_accustomed_to_sharing_all_the_dishes together. Westerners prefer to have their plates of food alone.‎ ‎③如果有太多人吃饭，西方人会不喜欢。‎ If there are too many people at table, Westerners feel_unhappy.‎ ‎④吃完饭后，他们或许也会带着你参观他们的房间。‎ After dinner, they maybe show_you_around_their_house.‎ ‎⑤在中国，如果是一个非常正式的招待会，主人将提供大量的饭菜，以致吃不完。‎ In China if_it_is_a_very_formal_reception,_the host will provide the guests with a huge amount of food, some of which is left over.‎ ‎⑥这不仅浪费食物，而且会占用很长时间。‎ Not only is it a waste of food but also a_lot_of_time_will_be_taken_up.‎ ‎⑦当你与外国人进餐或进行海外旅行时，为了保证所有的事情顺利进行，熟悉这些文化差异是很重要的。 ‎ It is important to get/be_familiar_with_the_differences_in order_to_ensure_all_things_go right when you are eating with foreigners or travelling overseas.‎ ‎2．升级平淡句 ‎(1)用“have trouble/difficulty in doing sth.”升级句①‎ Some_people_have_trouble/difficulty_in_mastering_Chinese_and_‎ Western_eating_habits. ‎ ‎(2)用“dislike it when ...”升级句③‎ Westerners_dislike_it_when_there_are_too_many_people_at_table.‎ ‎3．衔接成语篇(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：besides, personally, so)‎ Some people have trouble/difficulty in mastering Chinese and Western eating habits. Chinese are/get accustomed to sharing all the dishes together. Westerners prefer to have their plates of food alone. Besides, Westerners dislike it when there are too many people at table. After dinner, they maybe show you around their house. In China if it is a very formal reception, the host will provide the guests with a huge amount of food, some of which is left over. Personally, not only is it a waste of food but also a lot of time will be taken up.‎ So it is important to get/be familiar with the differences in order to ensure all things go right when you are eating with foreigners or travelling overseas.‎ 提能二　用课文句型解构高考长难句　[本单元突破点——if引导的虚拟条件句]‎ 经典例句 比较分析 真题尝试翻译 Another thing is, if you came to Brunei,‎ 课文长难句 ‎ you would have to take off your shoes before going into someone's house.‎ if引导的虚拟条件句，表示对现在的虚拟，从句用一般过去时，主句用should (would)＋动词原形。‎ 如果三年前有人告诉我，我会用大部分的周末时间去野营，我会放声大笑。‎ 真题长难句 If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ if引导的虚拟条件句，表示对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would have＋过去分词。注意从句中包含了一个that引导的定语从句。‎ ‎ “文化差异”是“社会生活”的子话题。在高考试题中，社会生活类题占了非常大的比重。它常以中西文化差异作为选材的重点，以风俗、交际、礼仪、语言、价值观、生活习惯等为主题。从近几年的高考试题看，阅读内容的实用性越来越强。介绍中西文化差异丰富了考生的知识，也为更好地学习英语打下了基础。‎ 一、话题与语篇 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读D)‎ ‎[1]The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences ‎ may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.‎ ‎[2]Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.‎ ‎[3]Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.‎ ‎[4]Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is ‎ not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing (治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.‎ ‎32．What does the author say about silence in conversations?‎ A．It implies anger.　　　 B．It promotes friendship.‎ C．It is culturespecific. D．It is contentbased.‎ ‎33．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?‎ A．The Chinese. B．The French.‎ C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians.‎ ‎34．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?‎ A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.‎ B．Break it while treating patients.‎ C．Evaluate its harm to patients.‎ D．Make use of its healing effects.‎ ‎35．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Sound and Silence B．What It Means to Be Silent C．Silence to Native Americans D．Speech Is Silver; Silence Is Gold ‎[策略指导]　‎ ‎(一)这样读文 第1步：宏观把握文章大意 分层 抓关键句 概括层意 行文结构 第1段 第1段画波浪线部分 不同文化群体中沉默的含义不同 现象 第2～3段 第2、3段画波浪线部分 不同的国度对沉默的使用方式不同 分析 第4段 第4段画波浪线部分 医护人员应当利用沉默的治愈价值 应用 第2步：微观突破理解障碍 ‎[尝试翻译]　所以当一个来自这些文化之一的人在讲话时突然停住了，可能那个人是在继续(讲话)之前暗示听众去思考他之前说了什么。‎ ‎(二)这样做题 ‎[名师解题]‎ ‎32．推理判断题。选C　根据第一段第三句可知，silence in conversations具有文化特异性。C项为合理推断。A项“它暗示了愤怒”为混淆视听；B项“它促进友谊”为无中生有；D项“它基于内容”为无中生有。‎ ‎33．细节理解题。选A　根据第二段可知，中国人可能认为一个人在谈话时突然停顿是希望听话人去仔细思考。A项为“同义替换”。B项“法国人”；C项“墨西哥人”；D项“俄罗斯人”，均为混淆视听。‎ ‎34．细节理解题。选D　根据最后一段的最后一句可知，护士应该充分利用沉默的治愈价值。D项为词义替换。A项“让它一直使病人愉悦”为曲解文意；B项“治疗病人时中止它”为颠倒是非；C项“评估它对病人的危害”为无中生有。‎ ‎35．标题归纳题。选B　文章主要讲述的是沉默在各个风俗中所表达的不同意义及其在医疗方面的作用，故选B项。A项“声音与沉默”为无中生有；C项“美国本地人的沉默”为以偏概全；D项“说话是银，沉默是金”为曲解文意。‎ ‎[阅读理解系列技法13]　利用选项特点巧解标题归纳题 标题可以帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章讨论的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。一般来说，文章的标题应该具有概括性、针对性、简洁性三个突出特点。‎ 在了解大意的基础上，仔细考虑选项内容与文章主题是否有密切的联系；看选项内容对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何；要注意题目范围过大或过小。错误选项通常具有以下三个特点：概括不够、过度概括、以事实细节代替概括性强的大意。‎ 例如第35题，A项中“sound”未提及；C项只是说美国人，有些片面；D项“说话是银，沉默是金”，与文章内容不符。‎ ‎(三)这样积累 ‎1．stubbornness n．　　倔强，顽强 ‎2．conflict n. 冲突，战斗 ‎3．authority n. 权威，权力 ‎4．uneasiness n. 担心，局促 ‎5．view ...as ... 把……看作……‎ ‎6．be aware of 意识到……‎ 二、话题与写作 ‎[考题示例]　　　　　　　　　　(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ ‎ 　　假定你是李华，你校英文报“外国文化”栏目拟刊登介绍美国节日风俗和中学生生活的短文。请给美国朋友彼得写信约稿，要点如下：‎ ‎1．栏目介绍；‎ ‎2．稿件内容；‎ ‎3．稿件长度：约400词；‎ ‎4．交稿日期：6月28日前。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．开头语已为你写好。‎ Dear Peter，‎ I'd like to ask you to write an article for our school's English newspaper.‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎　　 ‎ ‎　 ‎ ‎ [写作规范]　‎ 第一步：写对词汇不丢冤枉分 ‎1．刊登文章　　　　　carry_articles ‎2．特别欢迎 especially_welcome ‎3．任何相关的事情 anything_relevant ‎4．只要 as/so_long_as ‎5．增进知识的 informative 第二步：列全要点，写对句子保基本分 ‎1．我们报纸中的“外国文化”栏目深受学生欢迎。‎ The_“Foreign_Cultures”_section_in_our_newspaper_is_very_popular_among_us_students.‎ ‎2．它刊登文章。‎ It_carries_articles.‎ ‎3．这些文章是由外国朋友写的有关他们国家文化情况的。‎ The_articles_were_written_by_foreign_friends_about_the_cultures_of_their_home_countries.‎ ‎4．我们尤其欢迎有关美国人如何度过节假日以及美国中学生生活的文章。‎ We_would_especially_welcome_articles_about_how_Americans_spend_their_holidays_and_festivals,_and_the_life_of_American_high_school_students.‎ ‎5．你可以写任何相关的事情。‎ You_can_write_anything_relevant.‎ ‎6．它有趣且增进知识。‎ It's_interesting_and_informative.‎ 第三步：句式升级，打造亮点得高分 ‎1．将句2、3用过去分词作宾语合并 It_carries_articles_written_by_foreign_friends_about_the_cultures_‎ of_their_home_countries.‎ ‎2．将句5、6用as/so long as合并 You_can_write_anything_relevant_as/so_long_as_it's_interesting_and__informative.‎ 第四步：过渡衔接，润色成文创满分 Dear Peter，‎ I'd like to ask you to write an article for our school's English newspaper.‎ The “Foreign Cultures” section in our newspaper is very popular among us students. It carries articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States? And we would especially welcome articles about how Americans spend their holidays and festivals, and the life of American high school students. You can write anything relevant as/so long as it's interesting and informative. 400 words would be fine. Could we have your article before June 28?‎ I'm looking forward to hearing from you.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua ‎ ‎[语言基础扎根练]‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写/用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎1．My eyes range over the crowded room, seeking a familiar (熟悉的) face.‎ ‎2．I can not see where they differ from each other: to me they look exactly alike (相似)．‎ ‎3．He ensured (保证) that timely action was taken to resolve the problem.‎ ‎4．Your account (叙述) of what happened does not tie in with what three other witnesses have said.‎ ‎5．It is a tale which has often been retold (转述) within West Indian literature.‎ ‎6．It snowed throughout (自始至终) the night. The whole town was covered with snow. ‎ ‎7．If you are not accustomed (习惯) to sleeping with the light on, just turn it off.‎ ‎8．The party will be informal (非正式的), so you needn't dress up.‎ ‎9．His manner was slightly (稍微) rude, but you needn't mind. ‎ ‎10．There are many mysterious (神秘的) stories about the Egyptian pyramids.‎ ‎11．The girl should be commended for her bravery (brave) in saving the drowning child.‎ ‎12．Only if a teacher has given permission (permit) is a student allowed to enter this room.‎ ‎13．The prohibition (prohibit) of smoking in public areas has already come into effect.‎ ‎14．We've had to make some adjustments (adjust) to our original calculations.‎ ‎15．I know from their greetings (greet) how much they expected of me.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．David is one of these people who have trouble in make up their minds.make→making ‎2．We will throw a party to congratulate to him on his promotion.去掉第二个to ‎3．It took her a while to adjust to live there after arriving in the country. live→living ‎4．I have been accustomed to get up early in the morning since I came to senior high school.get→getting ‎5．Suzhou and Hangzhou are familiar with foreigners.with→to ‎6．The reason why he explained to us was that he hadn't read the book before. why→that/which或去掉why Ⅲ.翻译句子/一句多译 ‎ ‎1．那天我没去看电影的原因是我有很多工作要做。(The reason why ... was that ...)‎ The_reason_why_I_didn't_go_to_the_cinema_that_day_was_that_‎ there_was_much_work_to_do.‎ ‎2．我们绝对不能忽略教育的重要性。 (on no account)‎ On_no_account_can_we_ignore_the_importance_of_education.‎ ‎3．我今天一整天都没见过他，更不用说跟他一起喝酒了。 (let alone)‎ I_didn't_see_him_the_whole_day_today,_let_alone_have_a_drink_with_him.‎ ‎4．让我们担心的是，一些学生在适应校园生活时遇到了麻烦。(what 引导主语从句，have trouble in doing ..., adjust to)‎ What_worries_us_is_the_fact_that_some_students_have_trouble_in_adjusting_to_school_life.‎ ‎5．我能占用你几分钟宝贵的时间吗？(take up)‎ May_I_take_up_a_few_minutes_of_your_valuable_time?‎ ‎6．一个叫陈东的年轻人逐渐为大家所熟悉。‎ ‎①We have_been_familiar_with_a young man named Chen Dong.‎ ‎②A young man named Chen Dong begins to_be_familiar_to us.‎ ‎7．我们必须保证饮用水的纯净。‎ ‎①We must ensure_the_purity_of_drinking_water.(ensure sth.)‎ ‎②We must ensure_that_drinking_water_is_pure. (ensure that)‎ ‎③We must make_sure_that_drinking_water_is_pure. (make sure that)‎ ‎8．发展经济时，我们必须考虑到环境保护问题。‎ ‎①When developing our economy, we must take_account_of environmental protection.‎ ‎②When developing our economy, we must take environmental protection into_account/consideration.‎ ‎③When developing our economy, we must consider environmental protection.‎ ‎9．祝贺中国女子排球队在奥运会上的胜利！‎ ‎①Congratulate the Chinese women volleyball team on_their_victory in the Olympic Games!‎ ‎②Congratulations_to the Chinese women volleyball team on_their_victory in the Olympic Games!‎ ‎10．如果天气条件允许，我们明天就去长城。‎ ‎①If_weather_permits,_we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(if从句)‎ ‎②Weather_permitting,_we will go to the Great Wall tomorrow.(独立主格)‎ ‎[话题语篇高考练]‎ Ⅳ.阅读理解 A South Korea While many South Koreans prefer Westernstyle weddings in which the bride wears a white wedding dress, some couples are still carrying out the “Pyebaek” — a South Korean wedding custom.‎ The Pyebaek is held after the official ceremony, and is when the bride pays respects to her parentsinlaw for the first time. The new couple bow deeply before the parents, and they exchange jujube (枣) and chestnuts (栗子) — symbols for children and good fortune.‎ ‎— Sujean Park, HuffPost South Korea Japan For Japanese weddings, it's customary for guests to bring cash as a gift for the new couples. The amount depends on the guest's relationship to the couple — on average, friends would give D|S300, and family members may give up to D|S1,000.‎ The bills should be unfolded, freshly printed. They're typically put in a special envelope signed by the guest. Guests leave the envelopes at a reception desk at the ceremony and receive wedding favors in return.‎ ‎— Ryan Takeshita, HuffPost Japan Brazil In Brazilian weddings, the best man cuts the groom's tie into several pieces and sells them to the wedding guests at whatever price they choose to pay for it. The money that's collected usually goes toward the couple's honeymoon.‎ Brazilian weddings wouldn't be complete without pastries called “bemcasados”， or “happily married”. These are tiny sweet cakes ‎ with a condensed milk (炼乳) filling that are meant to bring good luck to the new couple.‎ ‎— Andrea Martinelli, HuffPost Brazil 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了韩国、日本、巴西三个国家的婚礼习俗，其中包括新娘的穿着、礼金的数额以及婚礼的必备食品等。‎ ‎1．In South Korean weddings, ________.‎ A．only Westernstyle weddings are favored B．the couple must both wear a white dress C．the bride shows respects to her parents D．some couples still observe their traditions 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据South Korea的内容第一段中的“... some couples are still carrying out the ‘Pyebaek’ — a South Korean wedding custom.”可知，尽管西式婚礼受到推崇，但是一些人仍然遵循韩国的婚礼习俗，故选D项。‎ ‎2．When attending a Japanese friend's wedding, you'd better ________.‎ A．fold the new bills in an envelope B．contain D|S300 in a special envelope C．carry an envelope with a letter as a gift D．give more than D|S1,000 to the new couple 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据Japan 的内容可知，在日本参加朋友的婚礼一般送300美元的礼金，将新钞装在一个信封中，上面签上自己的名字。故选B项。‎ ‎3．Why do people make pastries in Brazilian weddings?‎ A．To share the new couple's stories.‎ B．To raise money for the new couple.‎ C．To show their excellent cooking skills.‎ D．To express good wishes to the new couple.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据Brazil的内容第二段“... wouldn't be complete without pastries ... are meant to bring good luck to the new couple.”可知，在巴西人们制作这些糕点是为了向新人表示祝福。‎ ‎4．What's the purpose of writing this text?‎ A．To share some wedding customs around the world.‎ B．To tell people how to make preparations for weddings.‎ C．To show the different customs between different countries.‎ D．To check how much you know about wedding customs.‎ 解析：选A　写作意图题。本文主要介绍的是世界上三个国家不同婚礼上的不同习俗，是为了传播知识，故A项正确。‎ B ‎(2018·青岛质检)Sunitha Suresh was a college student when her grandmother had a major operation and was put in intensive care (特别护理) with three other patients. This meant her family couldn't always be ‎ with her. They decided to put her favorite Indian music on an iPod, so she could listen around the clock.‎ Sunitha could see the music relaxed her grandmother and made her feel less anxious, but she wondered if she also felt less pain. That would make sense because anxiety can make people more sensitive to pain. At the time Sunitha was majoring in biomedical engineering at Northwestern University where her father, Santhanam Suresh, is a professor. So father and daughter decided to work together on a study.‎ It was a small study, with 60 patients between 9 and 14 years old taking part in it. All the patients, who were children, had big operations that required them to stay in hospital for at least a couple of days. Right after their operations, the patients took medicine to control pain. The next day they were divided into three groups. One group listened to 30 minutes of music of their choice, one listened to 30 minutes of stories of their choice and one listened to 30 minutes of silence via noise canceling headphones.‎ To measure pain, the researchers presented a smiling, frowning (皱眉) and crying face. The children pointed to which picture best showed their level of pain before and after they listened to music, stories and silence. After a 30minute session, the children who listened to music or stories reduced their pain burden by 1 point on a 10point scale (级别) compared to the children who listened to silence. That might not sound like much, but Sunitha says it equals to pain medication like Advil or Tylenol.‎ Children don't tolerate such medication as well as adults. They are smaller and are more likely to suffer side effects from pain medication ‎ such as trouble breathing and feeling of disgust. So the less pain medication, the better.‎ ‎5．What made Sunitha start the study?‎ A．Her grandmother's desire for music.‎ B．Her majoring in biomedical engineering.‎ C．Her grandmother's listening to music after the operation.‎ D．Her sympathy for patients who suffered from illnesses.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sunitha could see the music relaxed her grandmother and made her feel less anxious, but she wondered if she also felt less pain”可知，她祖母在手术后听音乐的经历使她开始做这项研究。‎ ‎6．How did Sunitha and her father draw the conclusion?‎ A．By observing.　　　　 　 B．By making comparison.‎ C．By asking questions. D．By analyzing causes.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，研究者主要是通过对比三组实验对象在听了音乐、故事或静音后对疼痛的感知程度来判断他们所采取的方式是否有助于减轻痛苦来得出结论的。‎ ‎7．What do we know about the research?‎ A．It is of greater benefit to children.‎ B．It should also be conducted on adults.‎ C．It shows children suffer more from pain medication.‎ D．It finds more and more children are on pain medication.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，孩子们从该研究中受益更多。‎ ‎8．What may be the best title for the text?‎ A．Reaching for your playlist to ease pain B．Sunitha does an experiment with her father C．Sunitha's grandmother likes to listen to music D．Stopping using pain medication on children 解析：选A　主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了Sunitha和她父亲的一项研究表明，听音乐可以帮助减轻痛苦。‎ Ⅴ.阅读七选五 You're growing up. That means you're probably experiencing lots of changes, all at once. Your body is changing. It might even seem as if your entire self is changing. It can be confusing and even scary. __1__ And it's good.‎ Growing up means that you can do more, learn more, and start to make your mark on the world. In order for that to happen, your body produces chemicals called hormones that help both body and mind grow. Hormone levels change constantly, rising and falling. __2__ But it's partly to blame for intense emotions, surprising reactions, and mood swings.‎ Because of the way your brain develops, it is somewhat ruled by emotion now and through your teen years. As a result, growing up can seem like an emotional roller coaster! __3__‎ ‎·Take care of yourself. If you eat right, sleep enough, and get good exercise, your brain will be much more able to deal with the stress.‎ ‎·__4__ When you feel your moods swinging or you're upset, or confused, some quiet time will allow you to gather your thoughts and get calmer.‎ ‎·Practice relaxing your body and deep breathing when you wake up and when you go to bed. __5__ Plus, when stuff happens during the day, you'll be able to calm yourself quickly with a deep breath or two before you react. Your body is changing.‎ A．Take time out.‎ B．But the truth is, it happens to every teen.‎ C．Work out regularly to keep physically fit.‎ D．This changing is needed for your body's development.‎ E．It will help you fall asleep — and start the morning right.‎ F．Here are a few things you can do to make the ride smoother.‎ G．Usually these feelings settle down when you realize what is going on.‎ 语篇解读：青春期的成长意味着变化，变化会带来成长，也会带来困惑。本文就如何顺利地度过青春期给了几点建议。‎ ‎1．选B　根据设空前一句“It can be confusing and even scary.”和设空后一句“And it's good.”可知，设空处前后句意存在转折。所以，B项(但事实是，每个青少年都会如此)符合语境。故选B项。‎ ‎2．选D　根据设空前一句“Hormone levels change constantly, rising and falling.”可知，青春期荷尔蒙的水平在持续地上下变化，再结合上文“hormones that help both body and mind grow”可知，这种变化对于青少年的身体发育是必要的。故选D项，其中的changing照应上句话中的change。‎ ‎3．选F　设空处起到承上启下的作用，上文介绍了成长过程就像情绪过山车，下文提出了几点建议，因此，设空处用于引出建议。故F项符合语境，其中the ride与上文的roller coaster呼应。‎ ‎4．选A　根据下一句的“some quiet time will allow you to gather your thoughts and get calmer”可知，当你心情不好时就要休息一下。故选A项。‎ ‎5．选E　上一句中的“go to bed”与E项中的“It will help you fall asleep”相呼应，故E项符合语境。‎ Ⅵ.语法填空 ‎(2018·海南文昌中学模拟)Every day, we go to work hoping to do two things: to share great coffee with our friends and to help make the world a little better. It was true __1__ the first Starbucks opened in 1971, and it's just as true today.‎ Back then, the company was __2__ single store in Seattle. From just a narrow store, Starbucks sold some of the world's __3__ (fine) coffees.‎ ‎ In 1981, Howard Schultz first walked into a Starbucks store. From his __4__ (one) cup of Sumatra, Howard __5__ (draw) to Starbucks and joined a year later. In 1983, Howard traveled to Italy and was attracted to Italian coffee bars and decided __6__ (bring) the Italian coffee house tradition back __7__ the United States.‎ From the __8__ (begin), Starbucks set out to be a different kind of company, one that not only celebrated coffee and the rich tradition, __9__ also brought a feeling of connection.‎ Starbucks has its __10__ (serve) spirit. It has always been like one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time.‎ ‎1．when　考查连词。此处when引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎2．a　考查冠词。store是可数名词，此处表泛指。‎ ‎3．finest　考查形容词最高级。the world's暗示fine用最高级，与前面的narrow形成对比。‎ ‎4．first　考查序数词。句意：霍华德从他的第一杯苏门答腊咖啡开始，就被星巴克吸引，一年之后加入了星巴克公司。‎ ‎5．was drawn　考查时态与语态。根据语境可知，此处用一般过去时，主语Howard与draw之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态；因此此处用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ ‎6．to bring　考查动词不定式。decide后面跟不定式作宾语。‎ ‎7．to　考查介词。bring ... back to ...为固定搭配，意为“把……带回……”。‎ ‎8．beginning　考查名词。句意：星巴克从一开始就着手做一个与众不同的咖啡公司。from the beginning为固定搭配，意为“从一开始”。‎ ‎9．but　考查连词。not only ... but also ...“不但……而且……”，所以此处用but。‎ ‎10．service　考查名词。句意：星巴克有它的服务精神。service名词，意为“服务”，在此处作定语。‎