【英语】2019届人教版高考一轮复习之作文专题：循序写作6 4页

第六周　吸引眼球的定语从句 定语从句的正确使用能够反映出考生对于语言具有较高的掌握能力，所以建议考生一定要在写作中至少使用一个恰到好处的定语从句。‎ 一、定语从句的类型 ‎1．关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as引导的定语从句是写作的一大重点，尤其是which和as引导的非限制性定语从句在高考范文中更是屡见不鲜。‎ ‎①(2018·江苏高考书面表达)As we all know, most of the ratings are based on others judgment on the product or service concerned.‎ 我们大家都知道，大多数排名都是基于别人对于产品或相关服务的评价。‎ ‎②(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)Papercutting is a traditional art form in China, which has a history of more than 1,500 years.剪纸是中国的一门传统的艺术形式，它已有1 500多年的历史了。‎ ‎③Only those who spare no effort to confront problems can achieve what they long for.只有那些面对困难不遗余力的人才能取得他们渴望的成就。‎ ‎2．关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句是指when, where, why引导的定语从句。‎ ‎(2018·北京高考书面表达)Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in Chinese profound history and rich culture.‎ 它的中国文学专业对你来说是适合的，在那儿你可以完全沉浸在中国深厚的历史和丰富的文化中。‎ ‎3．“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)Moreover, with the stadium set up, a wide range of sports events are able to be held, of which pingpong, football as well as running competitions enjoy great popularity.‎ 另外，随着场馆的建设，很多运动项目就可以开展，其中，乒乓球、足球和跑步比赛广受欢迎。‎ ‎[即时演练]　用适当的关系词或“介词＋关系词”填空 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)In addition, there are famous artists who will perform how to cut paper on the spot.‎ ‎2．(2017·天津高考作文)We thought about those happy moments when we stayed with you.‎ ‎3．(2016·浙江高考)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of which has been proved.‎ ‎4．(2016·天津高考)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.‎ ‎5．Most importantly, living with your friends will improve your team spirit, which will be beneficial to your future career.‎ 二、定语从句的写法 定语从句是比较难掌握而又是考生在写作中喜欢尝试的复杂句，在写作时可采用“三步法”：‎ ‎[示例]‎ 第一步：写出两个简单句。‎ ‎①The foreigner is from Canada.‎ ‎②He visited our class yesterday.‎ 第二步：在句①中找出一个要修饰的词汇：the foreigner。‎ 第三步：用句②充当定语从句，the foreigner为先行词指人，句②中的代词he指代the foreigner且在句子中作主语，故用who或that作关系词。‎ The foreigner who/that visited our class yesterday is from Canada. ‎ ‎[即时演练]　用定语从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句 ‎1．I've always longed for the days. I will be able to be independent then.‎ ‎→I've_always_longed_for_the_days_when_I_will_be_able_to_be_independent.‎ ‎2．I have a friend. Her father is an engineer.‎ ‎→I_have_a_friend_whose_father_is_an_engineer.‎ ‎3．This is the best method. It can be used against pollution.‎ ‎→This_is_the_best_method_that_can_be_used_against_pollution.‎ ‎4．You know, my uncle Li Ming is going to the city to attend an international meeting. You live there.‎ ‎→You_know,_my_uncle_Li_Ming_is_going_to_the_city_where_you_live_to_attend_an_international_meeting.‎ ‎5．We all like our English teacher. We have learned a lot from her.‎ ‎→We_all_like_our_English_teacher_from_whom_we_have_learned_a_lot.‎ 三、定语从句的常用句型 ‎1．As we all know .../As is known to all ... 众所周知……‎ As we all know, Chinese knots are very popular with Chinese people. 众所周知，中国结非常受中国人的喜欢。‎ ‎2．As sb. puts it ... 按照某人所说的……‎ As he often puts it, university education determines one's future.按照他常说的，大学教育决定一个人的未来。‎ ‎3．such ... as ... 像……这样的；诸如此类的……‎ Believe it or not, we have found such materials as are used in that factory.‎ 信不信由你，我们已经找到了像那家厂子里用的材料。‎ ‎4．the same ... as .../the same as ... 像……一样的 Her manner and attitudes towards him were quite the same as they had always been.‎ 她对他的方式和态度与他们以前完全一样。‎ ‎5．one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中的一个 As far as I know, your sister is one of the students who have passed the exam.‎ 据我所知，你妹妹是通过考试的学生之一。‎ ‎6．the only one of the＋复数名词＋定语从句……中唯一的一个 Mr. Green was the only one of the workers that was invited to Beijing.格林先生是这些工人中唯一一个被邀请去北京的人。‎ ‎[即时演练]　补全句子 ‎1．(2015·福建高考书面表达)我们大家都知道，这幅画讲述的是古代中国的一个故事。‎ As_we_all_know,_the picture tells a story of ancient China.‎ ‎2．她就是这样一个总是乐于助人的女孩。‎ She is such_a_girl_as is always ready to help others.‎ ‎3．长城是吸引大批游客的世界著名的建筑之一。‎ The Great Wall is one_of_the_worldfamous_buildings_that_attract lots of visitors.‎ 四、定语从句写作时需避免的几种情况 ‎1．误用关系词 误：I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China.‎ 正：I live in Beijing, which is the capital of China.‎ 误：I have a friend, who's name is Liu Mei.‎ 正：I have a friend, whose name is Liu Mei.‎ ‎2．句子成分残缺 误：There were many students took part in the English competition.‎ 正：There were many students who took part in the English competition.‎ 误：Those who in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands.‎ 正：Those who are in favor of the proposal, please raise your hands.‎ ‎3．有多余的代词或副词 误：The film I saw it last night was really very good.‎ 正：The film I saw last night was really very good.‎ 误：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up there in my childhood.‎ 正：Last week, I returned to the village where I grew up in my childhood.‎ ‎4．混淆定语从句与并列句 误：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, it does great harm to people's health.‎ 正：In fact, smoking is a bad habit, which/and it does great harm to people's health.‎ 误：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, it didn't help.‎ 正：His parents told him many times not to play beside the river, which/but it didn't help.‎ ‎[即时演练]　单句语法填空 ‎1．Those who have work experience can find a job easily.‎ ‎2．As is often the case, the more haste, the less speed.‎ ‎3．She has been a teacher for 30 years in the place which/that used to be a poor area.‎ ‎4．As a child, Jack studied in a village school, which is named after his grandfather.‎ ‎[综合演练提能]‎ Ⅰ.用定语从句补全句子 ‎1．(2018·浙江6月高考写作)我想申请这个职位的原因是我想提高我的英语口语水平，并且帮助外国中学生更好地了解中国文化。‎ The_reason_why_I_want_to_apply_for_the_position_is_that I want to improve my spoken English and help foreign students have a better understanding of Chinese culture.‎ ‎2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我们都知道，《一起成长》这部优秀的英文短片看起来很有趣。‎ As_we_all_know,_the outstanding English short film, Growing Together, is interesting to watch.‎ ‎3．我最大的爱好是读书看报，这已经成为我日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。‎ My favorite hobby is reading books and newspapers, which has become　a　necessary　part　of my daily life.‎ ‎4．这是一份很困难而且很有压力的工作，但却是一份能真正帮助别人的工作。‎ This is a difficult and stressful job but one where_you_can_really_help_people.‎ ‎5．没经历过暴风雨的水手永远不会成为一名优秀的水手。‎ A sailor who_has_experienced_no_storm will never become an excellent sailor.‎ Ⅱ.请按以下要点写一封申请信，尽可能多地使用定语从句。‎ 假设你是李华，你校广播站正在招收英文编辑。请你根据以下提示，向负责此事的外教Mr.Mark申请这一职位。要点包括：‎ 职位要求 ‎1.有很强的英语表达能力；‎ ‎2.关心时事。‎ 个人优势 ‎1.有做记者的经历，沟通能力强；‎ ‎2.父亲是一位专职编辑，深受其影响；‎ ‎3.……‎ 注意：1.词数80左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ 参考范文：‎ Dear Mr. Mark, ‎ I'm writing to apply to be an English editor of the broadcasting station of our school, which I am wild about all the time.‎ I'm qualified for the position that/which is based on the following reasons.First, I meet your requirements for the position well.I have a good command of English communication skills.Besides, I am concerned a lot about current affairs and take great interest in journalism.Second, I was a parttime reporter when I was in junior middle school, which developed my communication and interpersonal skills.In addition, my father is a professional editor, by whom I was deeply influenced from an early age and from whom I learned a lot.Therefore, I am eager to get the position and I really hope I will be given the honor to be one of you.‎ Looking forward to hearing from you.Thank you!‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua