四川洪雅县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解训练 9页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 四川洪雅县 2017 高考英语一轮阅读理解训练 阅读理解训练 (2015·陕西省西安地区八校联考三) Katie was in big trouble.She was such a sweet kid; a thirdgrade teacher always dreamed of having a classroom filled with Katies; she was never ever a discipline(纪律) problem. I just couldn't imagine why she had made her parents so angry. It seemed that Katie had been running up sizable charges in the lunchroom.Her parents explained that Katie brought a great homemade lunch each day, and there was no reason for her to buy school lunch. They assumed a sitdown with Katie would solve the problem, but failed.So they asked me to help them get to the bottom of this situation. So the next day, I asked Katie to my office.“Why are you charging lunches, Katie? What happened to your homemade lunch？” I asked. “I lose it，” she responded. I leaned back in my chair and said, “I don't believe you, Katie.” She didn't care.“Is someone stealing your lunch, Katie？” I took a new track. “No.I just lose it，” she said.Well, there was nothing else I could do. The problem was still unsolved the next week when I noticed a boy who was new to the school sitting alone at a lunch table. He always looked sad.I thought I would go and sit with him for a while.As I walked towards him, I noticed the lunch bag on the table. The name on the bag said “ Katie ” . Now I understood and I talked to Katie.It seemed that the new boy never brought a lunch, and he wouldn't go to the lunch line for a free lunch.He had told Katie his secret and asked her not to tell anyone that his parents wanted him to get a free lunch at school. Katie asked me not to tell her parents, but I drove to her house that evening after I was sure that she was in bed. I had never seen parents so proud of their child.Katie didn't care that her parents and teacher were disappointed in her.But she cared about a little boy who was hungry and scared. Katie still buys lunch every day at school. And every day, as she heads out of the door, her mom hands her a delicious homemade lunch. 文章大意：本文讲述的是 Katie 为了帮助一个挨饿的、恐惧的新生而要家里做的和学校里的两份午餐， 虽然面对着老师和父母的误解，她依然帮助新同学。 1．What did the author think of Katie? A．She performed well at school. B．She was a girl filled with love. C．She often made trouble at school. D．She used to be a discipline problem. 答案：A 推理判断题。 根据文章第一段的 a sweet kid 和文中老师对她的爱戴可推断她在学校表现 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 很好。故选 A。 2．Why did Katie eat school lunch instead of her homemade lunch every day? A．She lost her homemade lunch. B．She had her homemade lunch stolen. C．She didn't like the taste of her homemade lunch. D．She gave her homemade lunch to a hungry boy. 答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的 As I walked towards him, I noticed the lunch bag on the table. The name on the bag said “ Katie ” 可知 Katie 将自己母亲给做的午餐让给了新同学。故选 D。 3．What was Katie's parents' reaction to the truth about the lunch? A．They were very angry. B．They were proud of Katie. C．They were disappointed. D．They were rather upset. 答案：B 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的 I had never seen parents so proud of their child 推断她的母亲以她为自豪。故选 B。 4．What can we learn from the passage? A．Katie was informed that her parents had known her secret. B．Katie told the author the truth of her lunch during their first talk. C．Katie's secret of lunch was discovered by the author by accident. D．Katie stopped buying lunch at school after her secret was discovered. 答案：C 推理判断题。根据文中作者和 Katie 的约定排除 A；根据文章第三段排除 B；根据文章的最 后一段排除 D；根据文章的第四段可知作者偶然发现的 Katie 的秘密。故选 C。 科普知识（阅读理解）由 (2012 四川,E)改编 Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted ( 预 测 )in reaction to climate change,which could have long damaging effects on food chains and ecosystems. Global warming is having a great effect on hundreds of plant and animal species around the world,changing some living patterns,scientists say. Increased carbon dioxide(CO2) in the air from burning coal and oil can have an effect on how plants produce oxygen,while higher temperatures and changeable rainfall patterns can change their patterns of growth. “Predicting species’reaction to climate change is a major challenge in ecology,”said the researchers of several U.S.universities.They said plants had been the key object of study because 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains and ecosystem services. The study,published on the Nature website,uses the findings from plant life cycle studies and experiments across four continents and 1,634 species.It found that some experiments had underestimated (低估) the speed of flowering by 8.5 times and leafing by 4 times. “Across all species,the experiments under-predicted the speed of the advance—for both leafing and flowering—that results from temperature increases,”the study said. The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict how plants will react to climate change,it said. Plants are necessary for life on the Earth.They are the base of the food chain,using photosynthesis (光合作用)to produce sugar from carbon dioxide and water.They let out oxygen which is needed by nearly every organism on the planet. Scientists believe the world’s average temperature has risen by about 0.8℃ since 1900,and nearly 0.2℃ every ten years since 1979. So far,efforts to cut emissions (排放) of planet-warming greenhouse gases are not seen as enough to prevent the Earth heating up beyond 2℃ this century—a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate in which weather extremes are common,leading to drought,floods,crop failures and rising sea levels. 1.What is the key information the author wants to give in Paragraph 1?( ) A.Plants’ reaction to weather could have damaging effects on ecosystems. B.The increasing speed of flowering is beyond scientists’expectation. C.Climate change leads to the change of food production patterns. D.Food chains have been seriously damaged because of weather. 2.We can learn from the study published on the Nature website that . A.plants’ flowering is 8.5 times faster than leafing B.there are 1,634 plant species on the four continents C.scientists should improve the design of the experiments D.the experiments failed to predict how plants react to climate change 3.Scientists pay special attention to the study of plants because . A.they can prove the climate change clearly B.they are very important in the food chains C.they play a leading role in reducing global warming 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 D.they are growing and flowering much faster than before 4.What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs about the world’s temperature?( ) A.It has risen nearly 0.2℃ since 1979. B.Its change will lead to weather extremes. C.It is 0.8℃ higher in 1979 than that of 1900. D.It needs to be controlled within 2℃ in this century. 语篇解读:本文为说明文,题材为科普知识类。温室效应已经影响了植物的生长类型,由于植物在食物链 和生态系统中有着重要影响,科学家们正致力于研究其生长变化。 答 案 及 剖 析 :1.B 主 旨 大 意 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 Plants are flowering faster than scientists predicted(预测)in reaction to climate change...可知本题应选择 B 项。 2.C 事 实 细 节 题 。 根 据 文 章 第 五 段 最 后 一 句 话 It found that some experiments had underestimated(低估)the speed of flowering...以及第七段 The design of future experiments may need to be improved to better predict...可知本题应选择 C 项。 3.B 事实细节题。文章第四段最后一句 They said plants had been the key object of study because their reaction to climate change could have an effect on food chains...由此可知本题选择 B 项。 4.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段...beyond 2℃ this century-a point scientists say will bring the danger of a changeable climate...leading to drought,floods...可知必须将上升温度控制在 2℃ 以 内才可能不会出现危险状况,故选择 D 项。 【长难句子分析】 — 到目前为止,为减少导致全球变暖的温室气体排放的努力还不足以阻止地球在本世纪气温上升不超出 2℃——科学家认为这个数据会带来气候变化的危险,在这样的气候变化中,极端天气会经常发生,会导致干 旱、洪涝、庄稼歉收和海平面上升。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项。 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 【2013 界广东省湛江市二模】 As the new semester begins, millions of college students across the country are trying hard to remember how best to write a paper or, more likely, how best to delay that paper. Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it. They can spend whole days in the library doing nothing but staring into space, eating snacks, surfing the Internet, watching videos and looking at other students sitting around them, who, most likely, are doing nothing either. Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate, they write micro blogs about their fears, asking their online friends if they sometimes have the same issue. But this does nothing to break the spell(魔 咒). According to a recent report, 95 percent of us procrastinate at some point and 20 percent of the world’s population are always procrastinating. The figures are disappointing. Procrastinators are less wealthy, less healthy and less happy than those who don’t delay. Procrastinators like to find excuses " to justify their behavior, but BBC columnist Rowan Pelling says they are all wrong. Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time. The behavior of procrastinators often makes them feel ashamed, inconveniences others and annoys loved ones. Pelling also points out that procrastination feels particularly delinquent(过失的）in a society that thinks of swift action as admirable, and, at times, even as a moral good. Fortunately, social scientists have thrown their weight behind efforts to understand this behavioral mistake and offer strategies to control it. Piers Steel, a Canadian social scientist and author of The Procrastination Equation, believes human is “designed” to procrastinate. Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand. 41.From the first two paragraphs we can learn that _____. A. procrastination is beneficial to many students B. many students are under great pressure in their study C. lots of college students are working hard to write good articles on time D. many students are getting into the habit of delaying finishing their tasks 【答案】D 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 【解析】段落大意题。根据中心句 Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.可知许多学生都有拖延完成任务的时间的习惯，故选 D。 42. According to the passage, procrastination probably refers to _____. A. a bad habit B. a serious illness C. a difficult task D. a form of entertainment 【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Procrastination is the thief of time and a lot of students suffer from it.Paralyzed by their habit to procrastinate,可知拖延是一种坏的习惯，故选 A。 43. Which of the following statements is WRONG? A. Procrastination makes people waste their time. B. Procrastinators usually complete their tasks perfectly. C. Swift action is considered as a moral standard in the society. D. Procrastination is common among people. 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Many procrastinators tell themselves they are perfectionists who work best under pressure. Pelling says this is nonsense, as work done at the last minute is more likely to have mistakes than work done on time.拖延时间完成作业有可能因为时间紧，会出现更多的错误， 选项 B 叙述的是拖延时间有可能完成 工作更好，这与原文不符，故选 B。 44. Which behavior belongs to procrastination? A. Never dream away the time. B. Always complete the tasks ahead of time. C. Never put off till tomorrow what should be done today. D. Always wait to work until the “good mood” or “good time”. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Procrastination is the thief of time 拖延时间就是开始有任务时不做，等 到自己感觉有好心情了，有好时机了在做，故选 D。 45. What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows? A. Measures to deal with procrastination. B. Approaches to handling the study pressures. C. More examples to illustrate procrastination. D. Introduction to the book The Procrastination Equation. 【答案】A 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 【解析】推理判断题。根据 Nevertheless, he suggests a couple of good ways to get through the task at hand.既然存在拖延时间的坏习惯，那么就应该采取措施处理这种坏习惯，故选 A。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项。 【2013 界广东省增城市调研试题】 Physical fitness refers to good health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition, and proper rest for physical recovery. A person who is physically fit will be able to walk or run without getting breathless and he or she will be able to carry out the activities of everyday living and will not need help. How much each person can do will depend on their age and whether they are a man or woman. A physically fit person usually has a normal weight for height. The relation between height and weight is called the Body Mass Index. A taller person can be heavier and still be fit. If a person is too heavy or too thin for the height it may affect the health. Mental health refers to a person's emotional and psychological well-being. "A state of emotional and psychological well-being in which an individual is able to use his or her thinking and emotional (feeling) abilities, function in society, and meet the ordinary demands of everyday life." One way to think about mental health is by looking at how well a person functions. Feeling capable and efficient, being able to handle normal levels of stress, having good friends and family, and leading an independent life, and being able to "bounce back," or recovering from hardships, are all signs of mental health. Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community, and does not help in long life or promote your health. This is fixed by organized efforts and choices of society, public and private clubs, communities and individuals. It is about the health of many people, or everybody, rather than one person. Public health stops instead of encouraging a disease through surveillance (监督) of cases. To prevent being sick, it is good to do healthy behaviors, such as hand washing, vaccination programs and so on. When infectious diseases break out, washing hands may be especially important. 26. What is the best title of the passage? A. Physical, Mental and Public Health B. Something about Health C. Importance of Health D. Three healthy Lives 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 【答案】A 【解析】标题归纳题。根据 Physical fitness refers to good health 及 Mental health refers to a person's emotional and psychological well-being.及 Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community, and does not help in long life or promote your health.这是主题 句，分别叙述了身体健康，精神健康及公共卫生，故选 A。 27. What does “Body Mass Index” in Paragraph 1 consist of? A. Exercise, proper diet and nutrition B. Abilities, functions and demands C. Recovery, independence and relation D. Height, weight and their relation. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据 The relation between height and weight is called the Body Mass Index. 可知身高体重及它们之间的关系，故选 D。 28. What are the signs of mental health? A. Living an independent life and suffer from hardships. B. Reducing normal levels of stress and handle "bounce back". C. Increasing emotional demands and psychological well-being. D. Living an independent life and own good friends and family. 【答案】D 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Feeling capable and efficient, being able to handle normal levels of stress, having good friends and family, and leading an independent life, and being able to "bounce back," or recovering from hardships, are all signs of mental health.过着独立的生活拥有好朋友和家庭， 故选 D。 29. Once Bird Flu takes place, that refers to ________. A. the problem of physical health B. the problem of public health C. the problem of mental health D. the importance of washing hands 【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Public Health refers to trying to stop a disease that is unhealthy to the community 及 It is about the health of many people, or everybody, rather than one person. 公共健康不是指一个人的而是指一个社区或集体，禽流感的发生是由于公共健康的问题，故选 B。 30. What can promote your body health according to the passage? A. Family, society and individuals. B. Private clubs, communities and individuals. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 C. Regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition. D. Hand washing, vaccination and other healthy behaviors. 【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据 Physical fitness refers to good health, and is the result of regular exercise, proper diet and nutrition,适当的锻炼，适量的饮食及营养能够促进身体健康，故选 C。