人教版高二英语选修八Unit1Reading 113页

Unit 1 A land of diversity Reading 选修八 A Land of Diversity The United States of America eagle national emblem The Statue of Liberty 自由女神像 , 位于美国纽约市曼哈顿岛上， 是法国政府作为庆祝美国独立 100 周年的礼物 赠给美国。女神像由铁架和铜皮做成 , 高 46 米 , 连同底座总高约 100 米。 一个多世纪以来 , 自由女神像已成为美法人民友谊的象征。 Wall Street Wall Street Hollywood Film City The Central Park Capitol Hill ( 国会山庄 ) The Grand Canyon Total area about 9.4 million square kilometers ( the fourth largest ); has a long coastline of 22,680 kilometers population about 300 million Language English & Spanish ( some minority groups ) Religion Christianity ( 56% ); Catholic ( 28% ); Judaism( 2% ) Climate continental climate ( most part ) subtropical climate ( the south ) Nickname Uncle Sam & Melting pot Brief Introduction How much do you know about the USA? 1. Which flag is American flag? A. B. C. C 2. Which city is the capital of the USA? A. New York B. Washington D.C C. Los Angeles B A. B. C. D. 3. Which stands for the USA? National Emblems ( 国徽 ) C 4. How many states are there in the USA? A. B. C. D. 47 48 49 50 D 5. Who is president of America now? A. B. C. D. Barack Hussein Obama Donald Trump Putin Bill Clinton c A. B. C. D. 6. Which doesn’t belong to the USA? Statue of Liberty Golden Bridge White House Eiffel Tower C 7. Which are not American brands? A B C D Germany B F G E F G Germany Finland 8.Who are Americans? A B C D E keanu Reeves Steven Speilberg Ronaldinho Britain Brazil A C E 9.Which city is known as “Big Apple”? ---New York Look at the map of the USA. Work with your group to write on the map the names of as many of the following as you can. Compare your answers with other groups. San Francisco Los Angeles Houston Boston New York Washington, D.C Rocky Mountains Mexico Chicago Canada Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean the Mississippi Superior Michigan Erie Huron Ontario Ocean on the east coast _________________ Ocean on the west cost __________________ Country to the north of USA __________________ Country to the south of USA ________________ California __________________ Atlantic Ocean Pacific Ocean Canada Mexico Southwestern USA Great Lakes: Longest river in the USA: Some important cities: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and Ontario Mississippi River New York, Washington D C, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, New Orleans Rocky Mountains Mountains range in the west 1) When you look at the title, what do you think of ? 2) Why is the USA called a melting pot? A land of differences. California is a land of great Differences — differences in climate, in landscape and attitude. Answer the following questions: There are many immigrants to the USA and there are many cultures and nationalities. So it is a place in which people, ideas, etc of different kinds gradually get mixed together. It is a very young country in the world . It has only a history of 200-300 years. Most people in the country are immigrates.( 移民 ) The head office of the UN was set up there. Two World Wars didn’t take place there. 1 Washington DC 2 New York 3 California 4 Mississippi 5 Florida Find out the following places on the map California (one of the 50 states of the USA) CALIFORNIA (the Golden State ) Lying on the Pacific Ocean, California is on the west coast of the United States, which is diverse in topography( 地形 ), climate and ecological environment. It has an area of 411 square kilometers, Pre-reading and it is one of the US states of the largest population, with the most developed economy. Meanwhile, its pleasant weather, long beach, and graceful natural landscape make the tourism prosperous. California Mississippi Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean C A N A D A MEXICO California Los Angeles Grauman's Chinese Theatre Hollywood 好莱坞星光大道 Native California Indians California gold miners around 1849 Chinatowns in California General quiz about the USA and California. The most important and largest river in the United States of America is ______? A. the Ohio River B. the Colorado River C. The Missouri River D. the Mississippi River D 2. California is the _____ largest state in the USA. A. third B. second C. fourth D. fifth 3. California, a state in the western USA, borders _______. A. the Pacific Ocean B. the Indian Ocean C. the Atlantic Ocean D. the Arctic Ocean 4. _____ is California’s largest and the nation’s second largest city. A. Sacramento B. Los Angeles C. San Diego D. San Francisco A A B 5. California’s official nickname is the _______? A. Sunflower State B. Golden State C. Land of opportunity D. Evergreen State 6. _____has the largest population in the USA. A. California B. Alaska  C. Washington D. Texas 7. California entered the Union on September 9, 1850, as the ______ state. A. thirtieth B. thirty-eighth  C. thirty-second D. thirty-first B A D California Reading Listen to the tape and find out the main idea. The text mainly introduces ________________ of California. It describes _________________ ______ happened in various times. It also tells us _____, ______ and _____ different people from all over the world having been immigrating to California. It explains to us ____________why it will be a simple multicultural community in the 21st century. the short history the great history when how why the reasons events The main idea of each part: Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 The introduction of California The history of settlement of California The future Native Americans The Spanish Russians Gold miners Later arrivals Most recent arrivals Choose the correct answer after reading the text. 1. Why is there strong Spanish influence in California? _______ A. Because there were many Spanish staying in California. B. Because Spanish was one of the settlers living there. C. Because the local people loved Spanish culture. D. Because California was once ruled by Span. D 2. After the arrival of the Europeans in the 16th century, _______. A. Native people were killed or forced into slavery. B. Many native people died from diseases brought by Europeans. C. None of the native people could survive the terrible times. D. Both A and B. D 3. Which of the following is false according to the text? _____ A. During the Gold Rush Period many people went to California in the hope of becoming rich. B. Actually every few gold miners became rich. C. During the Gold Rush Period many Chinese immigrants arrived in California only to find gold. D. California became a state of the US two years after the gold was discovered there. C B 4. From the passage we can infer that _______ A. between the late 19th century and the early 20th century Italian and Danish immigrants came to California to make wine. B. by the 1920s many Jewish people came to California because they were attracted by the film industry. C. Mexican people came to California to work in the ship and aircraft industries. D. there will be more racial or cultural groups in California because more and more people from different parts of the world are still coming to settle there. Answer the following questions. What are the changes of native Americans’ life after the arrival of Europeans? 2. Why did Mexico have to give California to the United States? The native people suffered greatly and many were killed or forced into slavery. In addition, many died from the diseases brought by Europeans. In 1846, the United Stated declared war on Mexico. After it lost the war, Mexico had to give California to the United Stated. 3. Who were the first to arrive in California to rush for gold? 4. When and why did the large number of Chinese immigrate to California? South Americans and people from the United States. During the gold rush period, many Chinese immigrated to California, and in the 1860s, a large number of Chinese went there to build the railway from the west to east coast. 5. Between 1942 and 1945, why did so many African people go to California? Between 1942 and 1945, even more people came to California to work in the ship and aircraft industries. 6. What attracted people from different parts of the world to immigrate to California? The temperate climate, the modern lifestyle and its diverse cultures attracted immigrates to California. Russians Later Arrivals people The Spanish Most Recent Arrivals Native Americans 7. How many kinds of people are mentioned in this text? Gold Miners California is the largest state in the USA and has the largest population. 2. The native Americans are treated well after the arrival of Europeans. 3. Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men. F F T True or False 4. In the early 1800s, Russians began setting in California. 5. During Gold Rush Period, many achieved their dream of being rich. 6. In the late 19th century, Chinese immigrants arrived in California. 7. It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no major racial or culture groups. T F F T Look at the pictures below. Each illustrates something about California. A native Californian Indian was standing beside a camp. It seemed that he or she felt very happy. Maybe he or she had a good harvest. He was a gold miner. He was panning gold. He looked not only thin and weak, but also thirsty and tired. It was difficult for them to achieve the dreams of becoming rich. A building in Chinatown Many Chinese have settled in California and many of them live in Chinatown in San Francisco. By 1990, the nations being immigrated from different parts of the world had made California into the most racially and ethnically diverse state in the country. Other reference pictures about gold rush in California. 15,000 years ago First settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America. These people are known as Native Americans. Spanish soldiers arrived in South America. Comprehending 16th century 1 Beside each time note down an important event in Californian history. 1821 California became part of Mexico. The United States declared war on Mexico. Gold was discovered in California. California became the 31st state of the US. 1846 1850 1848 2 Beside each cultural group write the period in which they first came to California in large numbers. Spanish Russians Africans Chinese Italians Danish In the early 16th century early 1800s 1800s Late 1840s / early 1850s In the late 19th century 1911 Jewish Japanese Koreans Cambodians Vietnamese Pakistanis 1920s at the beginning of the 20th century From about 1970s From about 1970s In more recent decades From about 1970s Native Americans the Spanish Russians Gold miners later arrivals most recent arrivals the future Make a Summary 3 Why is California in the 21st century such a multicultural community? (Using 3 or 4 sentences to explain.) The state of California is a multicultural community because European, African and Asian people have been immigrated to the state for the last 200 years. multi- “ 多、多方面、多方向” multi-colored 多色的 multi-racial 多民族的 multi-media 多媒体 multiparty 多党制的 Discussion What do you think California is like after your reading the passage? Discuss with you partners and try to give a simple introduction of it. 1. diversity = variety 多样性、变化 a diversity of vegetables diversify vt. 使 …… 多样性 , 使 …… 不同 diversify one’s skills / interests We should diversify the syllabus ( 教学大纲 ) to attract more students. A company should diversify . Language points 2. California is the third largest state in the … 序数词可以修饰形容词的最高级 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 可以修饰形容词最高级的词 : far / by far /much 可以修饰比较级的词 : no / a little / a bit / any / slightly/by far You’re standing too close to the camera. Can you move ____? A. a bit far B. a little farther C. a bit of farther D. a little far B 3. population 人口 The population of China______ large. And 70% of the population of China_______ peasants. 表示整体人口时谓语动词用单数 , 表示部分人口 时谓语动词用复数。而形容人口的多少通常用 large / small 。 对人口的多少进行疑问时，可用 What’s the population of …? What’s the population of Guangdong? have a population of … 有多少人口 China has a population of 1.3 billion. an increase / growth in population 人口 is are 4. When the first people arrived in what we now know as California, … 宾语从句 = the place that we now know as California. 定语从句 George Washington was born in ______ is now the state of Virginia. which B. where C. that D. what = George Washington was born in the place that is now the state of Virginia. D 5. However, it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. It is likely/possible/probable that … sb/sth is likely to do sth 某人 / 物有可能做某事 注意 : likely 比较级为 likelier , 最高级为 likeliest e.g. She is ______ to succeed. 她有可能会成功 . = It is likely that she will succeed. likely This is a ________ story. 这是一个有可能发生的故事 . likely 辨析 : likely, possible, probable 按可能性程度 , probable 可能性最大 , 其次为 likely, 最小为 possible, 但需要注意的是 , likely 的主语可以 是人 , 但 possible, probable 却只能用形式主语 it. 6. by means of…: by using … 用 …… 办法 , 借助 He crossed the river by means of a raft. We express out feelings by means of words. means 单复数同形 All possible means have been tried. The quickest means of travel is by plane. by this means 用这种方法 by no means 决不 , 一点也不 It’s nothing unusual to experience failure, and by no means ought we lose heart. by any means 无论如何 by all means: ① 尽一切办法 ② anyway 无论如何 / 务必 ③ Surely/ Of course 当然可以 by no means =not a bit 决不 By no means ____ give in to the terrible circumstances at that time although faced with great difficulty. A. they will B. will they C. they would D. would they 注意放在句首时主句使用部分倒装。 means 方法、手段、工具 , 单复数同形 , 多和 介词 by 搭配。 way 方法 , 普通用语。可用于任何处理事物的方式。 多于介词 in 搭配。 method 方法 , 理论 , 指合乎逻辑或系统的方法。 多和介词 with 搭配。 D e.g. teaching method 教学方法 Only ____ this method can you get much benefit from it when reading. A. in B. on C. with D. by We look forward to the day when the motor car has been replaced by some less dangerous______ of transport. A. means B. methods C. ways D. manners C A 1) We express our thoughts _____ words. A. by this means B. by all means C. by no means D. by means of 2) --May I have a look at your book? -- _____. A. By this means B. By all means C. By this way D. By any means 3) Every means _____ been tried, and all means ____ well now. A. have; go B. has; go C. have; goes D. has; goes means D B B 7. In addition , many died from the disease brought by Europeans . 1) in addition to : 除此之外 , 另外 , 加之 e.g. I met my past teacher and some former classmates __________ in the supermarket. 我在超市里遇见了我以前的老师 , 还有些 同班同学 . ______________cakes and candies, guests were also provided with fruits. 除了有蛋糕和糖果 , 还给客人们准备了水果 .· in addition In addition to 2) brought by Europeans 为过去分词作定语 , 相当于 which were brought by Europeans , 注意单个分词作定语放在所修饰的词前面 , 分词短语作定语需放在所修饰的词之后。 English is a ____________ language. 英语是一种被广泛使用的语言。 This is one of the schools _______ in 1980s. 这是八十年代所建的学校之一。 widely used built 8. However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state . 幸免 , 幸免于难 Only 12 of the 140 passengers _________. 在 140 名乘客中只有 12 人幸免于难。 1) survive survived 挺过来 , 挣扎过下去 e.g. I don’t think I _______________ another Year as a teacher; just too stressful. could survive 比 ( 某人 ) 长寿 , 比 ( 通常指亲人 ) 活的更长 e.g. Harry _________ his wife by three months. 哈里比他妻子多活了三个月。 survived 2) living in California 为现在分词短语作定语 , 相当于 定语从句 who live in California 。现在分词一般表示 经常性的动作或现在的状态 , 也可以表示动作现在 正在发生或者与谓语动词所表示的的动作同时发生。 e.g. There are three types of tiger living in China (that live in China). 目前中国有三种虎。 The picture hanging (that is hanging) on the wall is painted by my nephew. 墙上挂着的那幅画是我侄儿画的 . 9. majority n. 大多数 …… The majority _________ for the budget. The majority of students _______ hard-working. The majority of the damage ______ easy to repair. is/are are is 1) 单独做主语时 , 若强调整体 , 谓语动词用单数， 强调个体时 , 谓语动词用复数。 2) the majority of + n. 后可用不可数名词 , 也可用 可数名词复数 , 谓语动词由后面的名词决定。 3) 表示领先多少票数时用不定冠词 a 。 e.g. He was elected by a majority of 50. minority 少数的 …… 1) At the meeting, young people were ____. A. in majority B. in the majority C. of majority D. of the majority 2) The majority of students ____ trees in the fields and some are carrying water. A. is planting B. was planting C. are planting D. were planting 3) The majority _____ with me. A. agrees B. agree C. are agreed D. is agree majority B C B 10. declare vt. 1) to make known publicly or officially 宣布 , 宣告 主席宣布了选举结果。 The chairman declared the results of the election. 警方现在已经对这个地区的毒贩宣战了。 The police have declared war on drug dealers in this area. 法官宣判这个窃贼有罪。 The judge declared the thief guilty. 2) to state with great forces so that there is no doubt about the meaning 宣称 , 声称 , 断言 她郑重宣布她对此事一无所知。 She solemnly declared that she knew nothing about it. 请表明你的立场。 Declare your position, please. 她声称自己无罪。 She declared herself to be innocent. 他声明此事属实。 He declared that it was true. 3)To make a full statement 申报 Have you anything to declare ? announce 把大家所关心的事情 , 特别是有新闻 价值的 , 做一般或正式的宣布。 11. make/earn a/one’s life 谋生、习惯新的生活方式 make /earn / get a / one’s living 谋生 现在越来越多的年轻人去了城市并在那儿谋生。 Nowadays more and more young people move to cities to make a life there. 12. However, there is still a strong Spanish influence in the state . influence n. 影响力 , 作用 , 有影响的人或物 e.g. Claude’s work had _________________ on generations of musicians. 克劳德的作品对几代音乐家都产生过重要影响 . Her mother said that I was _______________ on her daughter. 她母亲说我对她女儿产生了很坏的影响。 a major influence a bad influence 13. a large percentage have chosen…= a large percentage of Chinese-Americans have chosen… A large percentage of population live in big cities. 这宾馆很大比例的收入来自于游览这湖的游客。 A large percentage of the hotel’s income comes from the visitors to the lake. Only a small percentage of students are foreigners. percent ( 用在数词后 ) ( 其余都用 percentage) The result is expressed ________________ ( 以百分比 ). _______________________ ( 比例越来越大 ) of the population own their own houses. ____________________ ( 大部分 ) people came. ____________________ ( 百分之五十的学生 ) came from worker’s family. as a percentage An increasing percentage A large percentage of 50 percent of students 14. establish a town 建立城镇 establish a new business 开创新事业 establish friendly relations with … 建立友好关系 …establish that he was right. 证明他是对的。 15. immigrate vi. (to/ into) 移居 , 迁入 他很小时从爱尔兰移民到美国 As a child, he immigrated to the US from Ireland . immigration n. immigration laws 移民法 immigrant (s) n. the European immigrants 16. It is believed that… It is said that … It is hoped that… It is supposed that… It is suggested that… It is reported that... 主语从句 It is reported that some European countries are flooded severely. It is hoped that the cost of medical care can be cut down. 17. mix n. 混合 V. 混合 , 混乱 We have to come up with a mix of policies to please the voters. ( 折中 ) You can mix yellow and blue together to make green. We can not mix work with pleasure. mixture n. 混合物 , 混合体 这种饮料是三种不同饮料的混合物。 The drink is a mixture of 3 different sorts of drinks. a mixture of sadness and anger / water and oil vi. 混合 , 使 …… 结合 Oil and water don’t mix . Oil doesn’t mix with water. Tom and John mix like oil and water. I got /was mixed up at first. 头脑混乱 He was mixed up in the scandal. ( 丑闻 ) 牵连到 Don’t get mixed up with them. 与 …… 交往 , 有联系 Success is a ____ of a sharp mind and hard training rather than just talking. A. mixture B. thought C. time D. action A Tom _________ _____ the plan.( 汤姆反对这个计划 ) _____ _________ will go to Shanghai after graduation. ( 大多数人毕业后都会去上海 ) 3. ___ _____ __________ ____ students can pass the exam. ( 少数学生能通过这次考试 ) 4. We ____ ________ ____ ______ ten years. ( 我们已经合作 10 年了 ) 5. ____ ________ ______ _____ travel is by plane. ( 旅行的最快方式是乘飞机 ) 6. We ________ ____ _____ the enemy.( 已向敌人宣战 ) objected to The majority A small percentage of have teamed up for The quickest means of declared war on Fill in the blanks. 7. The manage asked the workers to ______ ____ the work. ( 经理叫工人继续工作 ) 8. A good idea _________ _____ me all at once. ( 我突然想到一个好主意 ) 9. ____ ____ ________ that the sports meet will be held as planned.( 人们相信运动会会照计划进行 ) 10. He could’t speak, but made himself understood ____ ______ ____ signs. ( 他虽然不会说话 , 但能 通过手势让别人知道他的意思 ) 11. These two designs are almost __________. ( 这两种设计几乎是一样的 ) keep up occurred to It is believed by means of identical 12. Write in a style ___________ _____ your subject. ( 用与你的题目相称的题材写 ) 13. This book _____ ___ ______ _______ ___ its readers.( 这本书对其读者产生了巨大的影响 ) 14. ________ _____ ___________in the concert hall. ( 音乐厅内不准吸烟 ) 15. The King forbids us _____ _______ _____. ( 国王禁止我们外出 .) 16. Is there ____ ________ _______ his guilt? ( 有什么根据证明他犯罪 ) 17. The weather _____ _______ ____ get better tomorrow. ( 明天天气一定会变好 ) appropriate to made a great impact on Smoking is forbidden from going out any evidence for is bound to 18. I ________ _____ ____ _____ how to solve the problem. ( 对于如何解决该问题，我跟他意见 不一致 ) 19. I found the house without _____ ________. ( 我毫不费事地找到了那座房子 ) 20. The exchange rate is ____ _____ _____ today. ( 今天的兑换率对我们有利 ) differed with him on any bother in our favor Homework 1. Finish “Learning about language” on page 4. 2. Look at the following Map of Ningbo. Write a short passage. Map of Ningbo Yuyao ____________ the eastern part of Zhejiang province, where is the beautiful, rich and popular Yangtz Delta, _______ Hangzhou bay ___________, linked with Simingshan Mount to the south, joined with Shangyu city ___________ and Connected _____ Ningbo city to the east. Example is located in to the north to the west next to with ______ the population of 830,000, Yuyao _______ an area of 1,527 square kilometres, which is the heart of __________________ Plain. Yuyao always ________ the reputation of “the famous state in the southeast”( 东南 名邑 ), “the well-known literature state”( 文化 名城 ) and so on. With covers Ningbo- - Shaoxing enjoys Thank You!