【英语】2019届高考英语二轮复习查缺补漏之阅读理解篇：社会现象类 18页

社会现象类 ‎1、 More students than ever before are taking a gap year(间隔年) before going to university. It used to be the “year off” between school and university. The gap-year phenomenon originated(起源) with the months left over to Oxbridge applicants between entrance exams in November and the start of the next academic year.     This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by the University and College Admissions Service (UCAS).     That is a record 14.7% increase in the number of students taking a gap year. Tony Higgins from UCAS said that the statistics are good news for everyone in higher education. “Students who take a well-planned year out are more likely to be satisfied with, and complete, their chosen course. Students who take a gap year are often more mature and responsible,” he said.     But not everyone is happy. Owain James, the president of the National Union of Students (NUS), argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education. “New students are now aware that they are likely to leave university up to £15,000 in debt. It is not surprising that more and more students are taking a gap year to earn money to support their study for the degree. NUS statistics show that over 40% of students are forced to work during term time and the figure increases to 90% during vacating periods,” he said. 1.What do we learn about the gap year from the text? A.It is flexible in length. B.It is a time for relaxation. C.It is increasingly popular. D.It is required by universities. 2.According to Tony Higgins. students taking a gap year ____. A.are better prepared for college studies B.know a lot more about their future job C.are more likely to leave university in debt D.have a better chance to enter top universities 3.How does Owain James feel about the gap-year ‎ phenomenon? A.He's puzzled. B.He's worried. C.He's surprised. D.He's annoyed. 4.What would most students do on their vacation according to NUS statistics? A.Attend additional courses. B.Make plans for the new term. C.Earn money for their education. D.Prepare for their graduate studies. ‎ ‎2、    You get anxious if there’s no wi-fi in the hotel or mobile phone signal up the mountain. You feel upset if your phone is getting low on power and you secretly worry things will go wrong at work if you’re not there. All these can be called “always on” stress caused by smart phone addiction.     For some people, smart phones have liberated them from the nine-to-five work. Flexible working has given them more autonomy in their working lives and enabled them to spend more time with their friends and families. For many others though, smart phones have become cruel masters in their pockets, never allowing them to turn them off and relax.     Pittsburgh-based developer Kevin Holesh was worried about how much he was ignoring his family and friends in favor of his iPhone. So he developed an app — Moment — to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they’re spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are broken. “Moment’s goal is to promote balance in your life,” his website explains. “Some time on your phone, some time off it enjoying your loving family and friends around you.”     Dr. Christine Grant, an occupational psychologist at Coventry University, said, “The effects of this ‘always on’ culture are that your mind is never resting, and you’re not giving your body time to recover, so you’re always stressed. And the more tired and stressed we get, the more mistakes we make. Physical and mental health can suffer.”     And as the number of connected smart phones is increasing, so is the amount of data. This is leading to a sort of decision paralysis (瘫痪) and is creating more stress in the workplace because ‎ people have to receive a broader range of data and communications which are often difficult to manage. “It actually makes it more difficult to make decisions and many do less because they’re controlled by it all and feel they can never escape the office,” said Dr. Christine Grant. 1.What’s the first paragraph mainly about? A.The popularity of smart phones. B.The progress of modern technology. C.The signs of “always on” stress. D.The cause of smart phone addiction. 2.Kevin Holesh developed Moment to __________. A.research how people use their mobile phones B.help people control their use of mobile phones C.make people better use mobile phones D.increase the fun of using mobile phones 3.What’s Dr. Christine Grant’s attitude towards “always on” culture? A.Confused. B.Positive. C.Doubtful. D.Critical. 4.According to the last paragraph, a greater amount of data means __________. A.we will become less productive B.we can make a decision more quickly C.we will be equipped with more knowledge D.we can work more effectively ‎3、    When international aid is given, steps must be taken to ensure(确保)that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.‎ ‎    More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster, it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says, “Give me a fish and I eat for a day, teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime.” If we follow this wise saying, it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example, a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometime what is taken for granted, like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school, could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.‎ ‎    Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned, there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However, in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.‎ ‎1.According to the author,how could international aid reach the victims in time? A.By solving the cost problems. B.By solving the transportation problems. C.By setting up a body of devoted people in every country. D.By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO. 2.What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence? A.Providing food is vital. B.Learning to fish is helpful. C.Teaching skills is essential. D.Looking after others is important. 3.Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong ‎ hands? A.A medical team. B.An exchange program. C.A water plant. D.Financial support. 4.What can we infer about international aid from the passage? A.It is facing difficulties. B.It is unnecessary during normal times. C.It should be given in the form of materials. D.It has gained support from developed countries.‎ ‎4、Grandparents Answer a Call ‎    As a third-generation native of Brownsville, Texas, Mildred Garza never pleased move away. Even when her daughter and son asked her to move to San Antonio to help their children, she politely refused . Only after a year of friendly discussion did Ms Gaf finally say yes. That was four years ago. Today all three generations regard the move to a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.      No statistics show the number of grandparents like Garza who are moving closer to the children and grandchildren. Yet there is evidence suggesting that the trend is growing. Even President Obama’s mother-in-law, Marian Robinson, has agreed to leave Chicago and into the White House to help care for her granddaughters. According to a study grandparents com. 83 percent of the people said Mrs. Robinson ‘s decision will influence the grandparents in the American family. Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama’s family.       “in the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough fast enough to prove we could do it on our own,” says Christine Crosby, publisher of grate magazine for grandparents .“We now realize how important family is and how important to be near them, especially when you’re raining children.”     Moving is not for everyone. Almost every grandparent wants to be with his or her grandchildren and is willing to make sacrifices, but sometimes it is wiser to say no and visit frequently instead. Having your grandchildren far away is hard, especially knowing your adult child is struggling, but giving up the life you know may be harder.‎ ‎1.Why was Garza’s move a success? A.It strengthened her family ties. B.It improved her living conditions. C.It enabled her make more friends. D.It helped her know more new places. 2.What was the reaction of the public to Mrs. Robinson’s decision? A.17% expressed their support for it. B.Few people responded sympathetically. C.83% believed it had a bad influence. D.The majority thought it was a trend. 3.What did Crosby say about people in the 1960s? A.They were unsure of raise more children. B.They were eager to raise more children. C.They wanted to live away from their parents. D.They bad little respect for their grandparent. 4.What does the author suggest the grandparents do in the last paragraph? A.Make decisions in the best interests' of their own B.Ask their children to pay more visits to them C.Sacrifice for their struggling children D.Get to know themselves better ‎5、Why College Is Not Home ‎     The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However, now they are becoming an extended period of adolescence, during which many of today’s students and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.      For previous generations, college was decisive break from parental control; guidance and support needed help from people of the same age and from within. In the past two decades, however, continued connection with and dependence on family, thanks to cellphones, email and social media, have increased significantly. Some parents go so far as to help with coursework. ‎ Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility, universities have given in to the idea that they should provide the same environment as that of the home.      To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility, college needs to be a time of exploration and experimentation. This process involves “trying on” new ways of thinking about oneself both intellectually(在思维方面) and personally. While we should provide “safe spaces” within colleges, we must also make it safe to express opinions and challenge majority views. Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.      Learning to deal with the social world is equally important. Because a college community(群体) differs from the family, many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging. If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a larger and complex community.      Moreover, the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against another characteristic of young adults: the response to being controlled by their elders. If acceptable social behavior is too strictly defined(规定) and controlled, the insensitive or aggressive behavior that administrators are seeking to minimize may actually be encouraged.      It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out, particularly when there are reasons to do so. Our generation once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency. What is lacking today is the conflict between adolescent’s desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world. Therefore, there is the desire for their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.      Every college discussion about community values, social climate and behavior should include recognition of the developmental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation, of the necessary tension between safety and self-discovery.‎ ‎1.What’s the author’s attitude toward continued parental guidance to college students? A.Sympathetic B.Disapproving C.Supportive D.Neutral 2.The underlined word “passage” in Paragraph 2 means ‎ ______. A.change B.choice C.text D.extension 3.According to the author, what role should college play? A.to develop a shared identity among students B.to define and regulate students’ social behavior C.To provide a safe world without tension for students D.To foster students’ intellectual and personal development ‎4.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?‎ I:Introduction      P:Point      Sp:Sub-point (次要点)‎ C:Conclusion A. B.‎ ‎ C. D.‎ ‎6、    How could we possibly think that keeping animals in cages in unnatural environments -mostly for entertainment purposes - is fair and respectful? Zoo officials say they are concerned about animals. However, most zoos remain “collections” of interesting “things” rather than protective habitats.     Zoos teach people that it is acceptable to keep animals bored, lonely, and far from their natural homes. Zoos claim to educate people and save endangered species, but visitors leave zoos without having learned anything meaningful about the animals’ natural behavior, intelligence, or beauty. Zoos keep animals in small spaces or cages, and most signs only mention the species’ name, diet, and natural range.     The animals’ normal behavior is seldom noticed because zoos don’t usually take care of the animals’ natural needs. The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise. This results in unusually and self-destructive behavior called zoochosis. A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.     Furthermore, most animals in zoos are not endangered.Captive breeding(圈养繁殖) of ‎ endangered big cats, Asian elephants, and other species has not resulted in their being sent back to the wild.Zoos talk a lot about their captive breeding programs because they do not want people to worry about a species dying out. In fact, baby animals also attract a lot of paying customers. Haven’t we seen enough competitions to name baby animals?     Actually, we will save endangered species only if we save their habitats and put an end to the reasons people kill them. Instead of supporting zoos, we should support groups that work to protect animals’ natural habitats. 1.How would the author describe the animals’ life in zoos? A.Dangerous. B.Unhappy. C.Natural. D.Easy. 2.In the state of zoochosis, animals _________. A.remain in cages B.behave strangely C.attack other animals D.enjoy moving around 3.What does the author try to argue in the passage? A.Zoos are not worth the public support. B.Zoos fail in their attempt to save animals. C.Zoos should treat animals as human beings. D.Zoos use animals as a means of entertainment. 4.The author tries to persuade readers to accept his argument mainly by _________. A.pointing out the faults in what zoos do B.using evidence he has collected at zoos C.questioning the way animals are protected D.discussing the advantages of natural habitats ‎7、    Long before iphones, the cigarette was the companion of choice for restlessness. And long before Facebook and WeChat, it was tobacco that promised to better your social life. Now, quitting smartphones has become the new quitting smoking.‎ ‎    Of course, technology does not yellow your teeth, cause disease or lead to cancer. But some individuals are so concerned that device addiction is damaging their mental health. In order to reduce their dependence, even in Silicon Valley, people are turning off the messages that constantly buzz for their attention, banning smartphones from the bedroom and, curiously, changing the colors on their screens to a less tempting scale of gray.‎ ‎    The big tech companies will have to work out how to respond to this new generation of quitters. Facebook is the first to go public with its attempt, hoping its recent move can make the social network more homely.‎ ‎    Last year the tech industry got a bad name—Big Tech—with unfortunate echoes(共鸣) of other industries that have faced fierce opposition, including Big Tobacco. Like them, the tech industry has to reduce concern from a new generation of activist shareholders(股东) that are questioning its role in the world. These campaigns are never as fierce as those faced by Big Tobacco. In the 1990s, socially responsible investors refused to put money in tobacco stocks.‎ ‎    It is far difficult for investors to challenge Big Tech and hard to separate the good these companies do in the world—connecting old friends and giving space for people to share their ideas—from the bad. In the meantime, stopping using technology remains problematic. In The World Without Mind: The Existential Threat of Big Tech, Franklin Foer argues that tech should be seen in a similar way to junk food: a convenience that some reject for more continuing nutrition.‎ ‎    So we need to do more to turn the tide. In the same way that public service announcements made smoking around your children taboo(禁忌),we can warn parents against losing themselves in their smartphones while taking care of kids.We can also create no-smartphone zones at dinner. Eventually smartphones could be banned from all public places and help us give our attention to the people around us instead.‎ ‎1.How did people keep close relationships with others in the past? A.By smoking. B.By ‎ drinking. C.By phoning D.By dining out. 2.Why is the tech industry called Big Tech? A.It plays a bad role in the world. B.It is as big as Big Tobacco. C.It has an unfortunate name. D.It is a giant in Silicon Valley. 3.What can we infer from Franklin Foer’s argument about the tech? A.It promotes social development. B.It is still favored by some people. C.It is worse than Big Tobacco. D.It offers continuing nutrition. 4.Which can be the best title for the passage? A.Creating a No Smartphone Life B.Smartphones Enrich Our Social Life C.Smoking Does Greater Harm Than Smartphones Do D.Quitting Smartphones Is the New Quitting Smoking  ‎ ‎8、   As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young. The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27, 1908. Only eleven cars were produced the next month. But eventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.‎ ‎   Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger. For most of the last century, the car represented what it meant to be American—going forward at high speed to find new worlds. The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in history.‎ ‎   In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.‎ ‎   The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster. In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.‎ ‎   The problems of excessive(过度的)energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L. Friedman. He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.‎ ‎   Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)is a chance to keep American strength. “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”‎ ‎1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?‎ A.To explain Americans' love for travelling by car. B.To show the influence of cars on American culture. C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D.To praise the effectiveness of America's road system.‎ ‎2.What has the use of cars in America led to?‎ A.Decline of economy. B.Environmental problems. C.A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society.‎ ‎3.What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?‎ A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful. C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 答案以及解析 ‎1答案及解析：‎ 答案： 1.C; 2.A; 3.B; 4.C 解析： 1.本文介绍了越来越多的学生在被大学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是在间隔年期间赚取上大学的费用的现象。 推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句话和第三段第一句话可知,越来越多的学生在被大学录取后,不直接去上大学,而是选择经历一个间隔年。故选C。 2.推理判断题。根据第三段可知,TonyHiggins认为学生经历间隔年可以为未来的大学教育做充分的准备,使他们变得更成熟和更有责任感。故选A。 3.观点态度题。在第四段中出现了evidence of student hardship, heing forced into earning money, are forced to work等体现Owain James观点倾向的词语。由此可判断他对间隔年这一现象表示担忧。 4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知绝大部分学生在假期通过打工挣学费。故选C。 【长难句分析】This year, 25,310 students who have accepted places in higher education institutions have put off their entry until next year, according to statistics on university entrance provided by University and College Admissions Service(UCAS). UCAS提供的大学录取数据显示,今年有25310名已经被高等院校录取的学生已经将他们的入校时间推迟到明年。本句为主从复合句。who have...institutions作定语从句修饰students; according to...UCAS作状语,其中 provided by...作后置定语修饰statistics。put off“推迟”。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A 解析：1.段落大意题。根据第一段中的最后一句话可知,这一段主要列举了人们对手机过于依赖的各种表现。故选C。 2.细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“So he developed an app— Moment—to monitor his usage. The app enables users to see how much time they're spending on the device and set up warnings if the usage limits are ‎ broken.”可知,这种应用软件可以监督人们对于手机的使用时间,如果人们使用手机时间过长,它就会发出警报,提醒人们注意,以此来帮人们控制使用手机的时间。故选B。 3.态度观点题。根据倒数第二段中的内容可知,他认为总是过多地依赖手机对于人们的身体及精神都会有伤害„故选D。 4.推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句话可知,由于数据太多,人们变得很难对一件事情做出决定,也就是使自己效率变低了。故选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A 解析：1.本文为议论文,题材为社会与热点。本文叙述了联合国组织如何把帮助给真正需要帮助的人,最后得出中心观点。本题细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句中的“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women”可知选C项。 2.推理判断题。根据文章第二段第三句的“If we follow this wise saying,it would be right to teach people from less developed nations”可知选C项。“Give me a fish and I eat for a day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime”意为“授人以鱼还不如授人以渔”。 3.细节理解题。此题用排除法,根据文章第二段第五句中的“medical and health care”排除A 项;根据文章第二段倒数第三句中的“Exchange students”排除B项;根据文章第二段倒数第五句中的“a water purification plant”排除C项。 4.推理判断题。根据文章第一段的“It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation” 和“Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time” 可知,国际救援遇到了困难。B、C项与文章不符,D项文章没有提及。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎4答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A 解析：1.本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述目前社会上很多老年人愿意搬到离子女近的地方居住的一种趋势。同时作者也建议老人们要做出适合自己的选择,不要仅仅为孩子考虑而牺牲了自己习惯了的生活方式。 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句"Today all three generations regard the move as a success, giving them a closer relationship than they would have had in separate cities.”可知,Garza搬到离子女家近的地方居住,使他们的家庭关系更加紧密。故选A项。 2.细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Two-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obama's family. ”可知,越来越多的人会仿照Obama —家的做法: 老人搬到离子女近的地方居住。因此,公众认为这将会是一种趋势,D项符合文意。 3.细节理解题。根据第三段首句“In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn't get away from ‎ home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own…”可知,在20世纪60年代,人们希望自己离开家以此来证明自己的独立。故选C项。 4.推理判断题。根据最后一段首句“Moving is not for everyone.”可知,搬家并不适合每一个人。因此,作者建议人们在做出搬家的决定之前要反复权衡,做出对自己有利的选择。故选A项。‎ 考点:社会生活类短文阅读。 【技巧点拨】推理判断题属于主观题,是层次较高的题目。此类题要求通过文章中的文字信息,上下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息,推断出作者暗含的意思。解题关键要注意表明作者观点、立场的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。最后一题题中则根据it is wiser to say no推断出作者的立场。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎5答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.D; 4.C 解析：1.大学并不是温暖的家庭,也不能成为学生的家庭。大学时期应该是培养自主性和自我同一性的重要时期。大学是孩子脱离父母控制的决定性时期,因此,学校不应该成为像家庭一样让孩子依赖的地方。本题为细观点态度题。根据第一段“The college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy(自主性) and the development of adult identity. However...”可知,作者认为,大学不应该成为孩子们依赖的“家庭”,说明作者不赞成父母继续指导上大学的孩子,故选B。 2.猜测词义题。根据“from the shelter of the family to autonomy and adult responsibility” 可知,从家庭的庇护到自主性和成年人的责任,这是一种转变、变化,故选A。 3.推理判断题。每个人的个性都是不同的,排除A;根据第四段“If students rely on administrators to regulate their social behavior and thinking pattern, they are not facing...”可知,作者不赞成大学管理者约朿学生的社会行为,排除B;大学不是一个无忧无虑的场所,排除C;大学应该是学习知识和促进学生成长的地方,故选D。 4.篇章结构题。根据第四段“Learning to deal with the social world is equally important.”中的“equally important”和第五段的“moreover”可知,第四段和第五段是第三段的次要论点,故选C。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎6答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.A; 4.A 解析：1.本文讲述的是人类对于动物的圈养问题,给动物带来了很多的伤害。建议我们不要再支持动物园的这样的做法。 推理题。根据文章第四段The animals are kept together in small spaces, with no privacy and little opportunity for mental and physical exercise.可知这样的动物通常在精神上和身体都受到摧残的。都很不开心。故B正确。 2.推理题。根据文章第四段A worldwide study of zoos found that zoochosis is common among animals kept in small spaces or cages. Another study showed that elephants spend 22 percent of their time making repeated head movements or biting cage bars, and bears spend 30 percent of their time walking back and forth, a sign of unhappiness and pain.可知这样的一些动物的情况都很反常,和在大自然里的情况完全不一样。故B正确。 3.推理题。作者主要描述了动物园圈养动物的不好的地方,建议我们不要再支持动物园这样的行为。故A正确。 4.推理题。作者在组织本文的时候,主要通过指出动物园的做法的错误来告诉我们动物园做法的不妥之处。故A正确。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.A; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D 解析：1.细节理解题,由首段首句和第二句可知,在脸书和微信之前,香烟是一种提升社交水平的手段,故选A。 2.推理判断题。由第四段首句Last year the tech industry got a bad name—Big Tech—with unfortunate echoes of other industries that have faced fierce opposition, including Big Tobacco.可知选A. 3.推理判断題。由倒数第二段尾句可知,一些人因为技术的便利依然喜欢它,故选B。 4.主旨大意题由文章首段尾句 Now, quitting smartphones has become the new quitting smoking.可知,D项概括了文章主旨,故为最佳标题.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎8答案及解析：‎ 答案：1.B; 2.B; 3.C 解析：文章讲述了汽车在美国经济和文化上的重要作用,也指出了汽车带来的环境问题。‎ ‎1.  推理判断题。根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger.可知,现代美国诞生于公路和汽车,汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面。用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响,故选B。‎ ‎2. 细节理解题。根据第四段The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.可知,美国汽车的迅速发展,导致全球生态灾难,也就是造成环境问题。故选B。‎ ‎3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的He fears the worst, but hopes for the best.和最后一段中的Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength.可见,Friedman虽然对未来担心,但抱有最好的希望,他指出了发展绿色经济是保持美国实力的一个机会的想法。可见Friedman对未来是充满希望的,故选C。‎ 点睛:细节理解题的具体方法:‎ ‎1.略读材料,大概了解原文,掌握中心或主旨。‎ ‎2. 按文章的体裁,作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实。‎ ‎3.将精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上.快速通篇跳读.全文扫视.找到细节出处。待找到含细节句子时.放慢速度,仔细核对比较内容,直至找到答案。如小题1要求分析第二段提到hamburger的作用.根据第二段Modern America was born on the road, behind a wheel. The car shapedsome of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard,the motel, even the hamburger可知,现代美国诞生于公路和汽车,汽车塑造了美国文化最持久的一些方面。Hamburger就是汽车塑造的美国文化的一个方面用这个例子是在说明汽车对美国文化的影响。‎ ‎ ‎