英语人教版必修3一轮复习：Unit4Astronomy--thescienceofthestars单元学案设计 75页

‎2018届人教版必修3Unit4Astronomy--the science of the stars单元学案设计 That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind!‎ ‎— Neil Armstrong ‎ 虽然这只是我的一小步，但却是人类的一大步！ ‎ ‎——尼尔·阿姆斯特郎 考点概览 话题 Science of the stars 恒星科学 The development of life生命的发展 Space travel and gravity 太空旅行和重力 功能 Instructions Please listen to what the teacher is saying. ‎ Please pay attention to the words on the blackboard.‎ Make sure you lock the door before you leave the room. ‎ Don’t forget to post the letter for me.‎ You’d better follow his advice. ‎ You must(n’t) put the cup on the bench.‎ 语法 主语从句 It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.‎ That the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is known to us all.‎ Whether we will hold the sports meeting next week hasn’t been ‎ decided yet.‎ Whichever book you choose makes no difference.‎ What puzzled her parents was that she left home without a word.‎ 重点单词速记 天文学 系统 理论 ‎ 大气层；气氛 生物学 地心引力；重力 人造卫星 物理学家 气候 宇宙飞船 乘；增加 ‎ 存在 使迷惑 碰撞；坠落 拉；拖 ‎ astronomy system theory atmosphere biology gravity satellite physicist climate spaceship multiply exist puzzle crash pull float violent harmful global 漂浮 猛烈地 有害的 全世界的；全球性的 不同 ‎ unlike 常用短语自测 及时 下蛋 产生 阻止……‎ 感到高兴 既然 爆发 密切注视 in time lay eggs give birth to prevent…from cheer up now that break out watch out 重点句型 make it +形容词+ to do as strong a pull as…‎ As the earth cooled down(as引导的句子)‎ now that引导的句子 第四单元 天文学——研究星球的科学 ‎ Warming up 热身 Think about these questions and then discuss them with your partner.‎ 思考这些问题，然后和搭档讨论。‎ ‎1 In our solar system① eight planets circle around the sun. What are they? Can you match the names with the planets?‎ 在我们的太阳系中八颗行星围绕太阳运行，它们叫什么？你能把名字和行星相匹配吗？‎ ‎2 What interests you in astronomy②? Do you know any questions that astronomers interested in?‎ 天文学中什么使你感兴趣？你知道文学家感兴趣的问题吗？‎ Uranus Venus Earth Mars ‎ 天王星 金星 地球 火星 Mercury Jupiter Neptune Saturn 水星 木星 海王星 土星 Warming up ‎ ‎1.system / /ｎ．系统；体系；制度 ‎(1)The earth moving around the sun gives us a baseline for measurements of objects outside the solar system. ‎ 地球绕太阳公转，为测量太阳系外的恒星距离提供了一条基线。‎ ‎(2)In the far reaches of the solar system comets range from a few km to a few hundred km across.‎ 在太阳系的广阔空间范围里，彗星的直径一般从几千米到几十万米。‎ ‎2.astronomy / / n. 天文学 ‎(3)Nowadays astrophysics and astronomy have come to mean almost the same thing.‎ 今天，天体物理学和天文学的含义已经变得差不多一样了。‎ ‎(4)The study of astronomy gives you some conception of what the universe is like.‎ 学习天文学能使你对宇宙有所了解。‎ Pre-reading 读前 ‎1 The origin of life on earth is a question that interests astronomers. What do you know about it?‎ 生命在地球上的起源是科学家感兴趣的问题，你对此了解什么？‎ ‎2 Each religion and culture has its own ideas about how life began on earth. What do you know?‎ 每个宗教和文化都有自己对地球上生命开始的看法，对此你了解什么？‎ ‎3 Read the title and look at the pictures. Predict what the reading will be about. Then read it quickly to check if you are right.‎ 阅读标题并观察图片，预测阅读部分的内容，然后快速阅读检查你是否正确。‎ Pre-reading ‎ About Pluto 冥王星，或被称为134340号小行星，于1930年1月由克莱德·汤博根据美国天文学家洛韦尔的计算发现，并以罗马神话中的冥王普路托（Pluto）命名。它曾经是太阳系九大行星之一，但是在2006年8月24日于布拉格举行的第26届国际天文联会中通过第五号决议，将冥王星划为矮行星（dwarf planet）。在2008年6月，国际天文学会再将冥王星做为子分类类冥矮行星(Plutoid)的原型。但到了2010年，为了纪念发现它的过程，科学家又把它重新归为九大行星之一。‎ ‎ ‎ Reading 中英文对译 ‎ HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH 地球上生命的起源 No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to 阅读 ‎ ‎1.according to按照；根据 ‎(1)According to experts, Jupiter, which orbits the Sun like the Earth, is the largest planet in the solar system.‎ ‎① a widely accepted theory②, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.‎ 没有人确切知道地球是怎样开始形成的，因为在很早很早以前它就形成了。然而，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。然后，原子开始形成并结合 成恒星和其他天体。‎ For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent③ that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time④ to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere⑤. What is even more important is that as the 据专家介绍，木星是太阳系中最大的一颗行星，与地球一样环绕太阳运转。‎ ‎(2)The Olympic Flame is lit by the High Priestess according to an ancient method, using the sun and a parabolic mirror.按照古代的方法，女祭司利用太阳和抛面镜来点燃奥运圣火。‎ ‎2.theory n. 学说；理论 ‎(1)American astronomer and mathematician who investigated double stars and developed the wave theory of gravitation.西易，托马斯 杰斐逊 杰克逊1866－1962美国天文学家和数学家，他观测了双星座并发展了万有引力波理论。‎ ‎(2)Copernicus’ theory of the solar system were once dismissed as erroneous and had to win out over bitter opposition.‎ 哥白尼关于太阳系的学说曾经被看作是错误的东西，曾经经历艰苦的斗争。‎ ‎(3)Darwin spent more than twenty years working on his theory of evolution.达尔文花了二十余年时间研究他的进化论。‎ ‎3.violent adj. 猛烈地；激烈的；强暴的 ‎(1)Tornadoes are violent whirlwinds which vary in their width from a few yards to 1300 feet. 龙卷风是一种猛烈的旋风，其直径从几码到1300 英尺。‎ ‎(2)Violent crime is only one of the maladies afflicting ‎ earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.‎ 大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，但地球还只是一团尘埃。随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38—45亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。地球（开始）变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。它（地球）猛烈的爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球的表面就开始出现了水。‎ Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but unlike⑥ the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful⑦ gases and acids into the oceans and ‎ ‎ modern society. 暴力犯罪仅仅是危害社会的弊病之一 ‎[拓展] ‎ violence n. 暴力 violently adv. 暴力地；激烈地 ‎(3)The violence and bad language in the program shocked many of the viewers. 节目中的暴力场面和难听的粗话使许多观众感到震惊。‎ ‎(4)They have come into conflict, sometimes violently. 他们产生了矛盾,有时矛盾还非常激烈。‎ ‎[典型例题]‎ Hearing what I said, she became angry, went into her room and shut the door _____(violent).‎ ‎【点拨】violently 所填的词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。violently猛烈地。‎ ‎4.in time 迟早；早晚，相当于sooner or later； 及时；不迟 ‎(1)If you work hard, you will succeed in time. 如果你努力工作，你最终会成功的。‎ ‎(2)I intended to catch the early train, but I didn’t get up in time. 我本来打算赶早班的火车，但是我起晚了。‎ ‎(3)Firemen reached the house on fire in time. 消防队员及时赶到那幢失火的房子。‎ seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.‎ 在火星这些其他行星上都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。水会对生命的发展起 关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，它使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。‎ ‎ Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, ‎ ‎[拓展] ‎ in time for…后接名词 in time to do ‎(4)I saved my bacon by arriving just in time for the meeting. 我刚好及时到会，才算没受责备。‎ ‎(5)The car came to a halt just in time to prevent an accident. 汽车及时停下，避免了一场车祸。‎ ‎5.atmosphere n. 大气层；气氛 ‎(1)From these observations we conclude that the moon has little or no atmosphere. 由这些观察，我们确信月球很少或根本没有大气层。‎ ‎(2)Spacecraft re-entering the earth’s atmosphere are affected by gravity forces.‎ 航天器重返大气层是由於重力的作用。‎ ‎6.unlike prep. 不同；不像 ‎(1)In addition, observations of space around our Sun have revealed that unlike the rest of the galaxy, space near us has little interstellar gas in it.‎ 此外,对太阳周围太空的观察还显示,与银河系的其他部分不同,我们周围的太空中星际气体很少。‎ ‎(2)Jupiter is unlike the Earth in almost every way. ‎ 木星与地球几乎完全不同。‎ were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs⑧. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed⑨ on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to（10） young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.‎ ‎[用法拓展] ‎ alike adj. 相似的；同样的； adv. 一样；以同样的方式 likely adj. 可能的；‎ ‎(3)These kittens look exactly alike how can you tell which is which? 这些小猫看上去一模一样--你怎么能分出哪个是哪个?‎ ‎(4)The boss treats everyone alike. 老板对大家一视同仁。‎ ‎(5)John is likely to be in London this autumn. 今年秋天约翰可能在伦敦。‎ ‎7.harmful adj.有害的 ‎(1)Harmful radiations do not reach the earth because the atmosphere screens them out.‎ 有害的辐射由于得到大气屏蔽无法到达地球。‎ ‎(2)The Earth is a spacecraft too, our atmosphere acting as a shield against harmful radiation and space debris.地球跟宇宙飞船完全一样，其周围的大气对有害的辐射和宇宙碎片起到防护作用。‎ ‎[用法拓展] ‎ harm n. 伤害；损害，常构成do harm to…或do sb. harm结构。‎ vt. 伤害；损害 ‎(3)Strong sunlight can harm your eyes.‎ 好几百万年以后，水的表面开始出现了极小的植物。它们繁殖起来就使得海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其他各种鱼类后来的进化创造了条件。接着，绿色植物开始出现在陆地上。随后，陆地上出现了动物，其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，它们既能在陆上生活，也能在水里生存。后来，当植物长大成了森林的时候，爬行动物出现了。它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。再后来一些叫做恐龙的巨型动物出现了。它们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。然而，六千五百万年前，恐龙时代结束了。‎ Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn（11）, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents(12) heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the ‎ 强光对你的眼睛有害。‎ ‎(4)The polluted air given off by cars will do great harm to our health.汽车排出的废气对人体有很大的伤害。‎ ‎8. lay eggs 产卵；下蛋 ‎(1)The old woman reckoned the number of eggs laid by the hens during the month. ‎ 老太太数了一下这个月里母鸡下了多少蛋。‎ ‎(2)Do you know when animals which lay eggs appeared on earth? ‎ 你知道产卵的动物适合是在地球上出现的吗？‎ ‎(3)The chicken listened to the music and laid some gold eggs. 鸡听了音乐后就下了几个金蛋。‎ ‎9.exist vi. 存在；生存 ‎(1)Very briny water, they say, could exist as a liquid at the low temperatures and pressures on Mars’s surface.‎ 他们表示，盐份极高的水在火星地表的低温和压力下仍可以液态方式存在。‎ ‎(2)All life is born in water, and so far as we know, life cannot exist without water.一切生命都诞生于水中，就我们目前所知，生命无法存在于没有水的环境中。‎ ‎【典型例题】‎ After many years’ research, scientists have found some ‎ earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 它们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的增多有了可能。哺乳动物不同于以往所有的生物形式，因为它们能从体内生产出幼仔并给幼仔哺乳。 最后，大约260万年前，一些小巧聪明、长着手脚的动物出现了，它们散布在地球的各个地方。于是，他们接着成为了这个行星上最重要的动物。然而，他们对地球却不怎么在意，他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。因此许多科学家相信地球可能会因此变得太热而不适合生物的生存。所以，在未来的数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续取决于这个问题能否得到解决。‎ ‎ evidence that water seemed _____(exist) on the Red Planet.‎ ‎【点拨】to exist seem好像，后接动词不定式。‎ ‎10. give birth to 产生；分娩 ‎(1)The Nile River gave birth to the immortal civilization of the Egyptians.尼罗河孕育了古埃及的不朽文明。‎ ‎(2)They were made from the leftovers of the same gas and dust cloud that gave birth to our star, the Sun.‎ 它们是由形成我们的这颗恒星?太阳的相同气体和灰尘云的剩余物构成的。‎ ‎11. in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着 ‎(1)They all talked about how life began on earth at the meeting, each in his turn. 他们每个人都在会上轮流谈论了地球上生命的起源。‎ ‎[拓展] ‎ in turn依次,轮流；反之，反过来 by turns 轮流；交替地 take turns to do sth.轮流做某事 it is one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 ‎(2)She didn’t know how stars are formed and asked the same question of everyone in turn. 他不知道星星是如何形成的，因此依次向每一个人问同样的问题。‎ ‎(3)The shop assistants had to have their days off by turns. 店员要轮流休息。‎ ‎(4)It is your turn to watch the stars through the telescope. 该轮到你通过望远镜观察星星了。‎ ‎12. prevent…from 阻止；制止 ‎(1)In a similar way there are several gases in the atmosphere which trap the heat produced by the sun and prevent it from escaping.‎ 同样的道理，大气层中的多种气体可以捕捉太阳产生的热量，并阻止它扩散。‎ ‎(2)Albert, still extended on the chair, covered his face with both hands, as if to prevent the light from reaching him.阿尔贝仍旧躺在椅子上，用双手遮住他的眼睛，象是要阻止光线照到他身上似的。‎ ‎[温馨提示] ‎ stop…from…和keep…from…也有相同意思，但需要注意的是在keep…from…短语中，介词from不能省略，因为keep sb. doing sth.的意思是“使某人一直做某事”。‎ ‎(1)His father stopped/prevented/kept him from joining the army.他的爸爸阻止他参军。‎ ‎(4)Let’s hurry. Don’t keep him waiting.我们快一点，不要让他等着。‎ ‎[典型例题]‎ Many fast-growing countries are less concerned with protecting ______(them) against climate change. ‎ ‎【点拨】themselves 句子的主语和所填的词指的是同一事物，所以用反身代词。protect oneself against/from保护自己免受……的侵害。‎ Reading中长难句 What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.‎ a)本句的句式比较复杂，从句子的总体以结构看，这是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句。主句中有一个what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作become的表语，在时间状语从句中含有一个when引导的定语从句。‎ ‎ b) until是非常重要的连接词，其主要用法如下：‎ ‎①用于否定句, 修饰非延续性动词, 表示该动作的开始时间。“not...until...”一般译为“直到……才……”。‎ Life didn’t appear until the earth was formed. ‎ 直到地球形成生命才出现。‎ ‎②用于肯定句, 修饰延续性动词，表示该动作或状态的终止时间。until有“直到”之意。‎ More and more water increased over the earth until they covered all the high mountains. ‎ ‎ 地面上的水越来越多，直到淹没了所有的高山。‎ ‎③强调肯定句中的until时间状语(从句), 一般套用“It is / was until... that...”句型；强调否定句中的until时间状语(从句), 可套用“It is/ was not until... that...”句型。‎ It was not until the sun set down that they got to the place. ‎ 直到太阳下山了他们才到达那个地方。‎ ‎④not until位于句首时，句子要用倒装语序。‎ Not until he read the book did he know something about astronomy. ‎ 直到他读了那本书，他才对天文学有所了解。 ‎ ‎2. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.‎ ‎ a)该句是一个含有结果状语从句的复合句，在从句中含有一个主语从句，其中it是形式主语，whether引导的句子是真正的主语。‎ ‎ b)so…that…如此……以至于……‎ ‎ The light of the sun is so strong that we can’t look at it directly. ‎ ‎ 太阳的光太强了，我们不能直接观看。‎ ‎3. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.‎ ‎ a) 该句是一个含有表语从句的复合句，what引导的句子作主语，在that引导的表语从句中含有一个as引导的时间状语从句。‎ ‎ b) cool down冷却；平静 ‎ It took Charles a long time to cool down after the argument about the solar system. ‎ ‎ 有关太阳系的争论过后好久,查尔斯才得以平静下来。‎ ‎ He is too excited; we must do something to make him cool down.‎ ‎ 他太激动了；我们得没法使他冷静下来。‎ ‎4. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.‎ ‎ 句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语式不定是短语to begin to…。it作形式宾语时常用在find/make/think/consider+it+adj./n.+ to do结构中。‎ We find it impossible to climb to the top of the hill in such bad weather.‎ 这么坏的天气，我们发现爬到山顶是不可能的。‎ He made it a rule to observe stars every evening. 他每天晚上观测星星已成了习惯。‎ We think it our duty to help you out of trouble. 我们认为帮助你摆脱困境是我们的责任。‎ ‎[典型例题]‎ Do you think ____ difficult to guess the meaning of the word without referring to the dictionary?‎ ‎【点拨】it 在这里it是形式宾语，代替后面的不定式短语。‎ Comprehending理 解 ‎ ‎1 Read the passage carefully and analyse its structure. Write down the main idea for each paragraph.‎ ‎ 仔细阅读短文并分析其结构。写下每段的大意。‎ Main Body Paragraph 1:‎ 第一段：‎ 正文 Paragraph 2:‎ 第二段：‎ Paragraph 3:‎ 第三段：‎ Paragraph 4:‎ 第四段：‎ Paragraph 5:‎ 第五段：‎ ‎2. Put the order of development of life into a timeline. Use the reading passage to help you.‎ ‎ 把生命发展的顺序按时间排列，可借助于阅读部分。‎ ‎□① Insects and amphibians appeared. □② Dinosaurs appeared.‎ ‎ 昆虫和两栖动物出现。 恐龙消失。‎ ‎□③ The earth became a solid ball. □④ Small plants grew on the water.‎ ‎ 地球成为坚实的球体。 水中生出小植物。‎ ‎□⑤ Reptiles appeared. □⑥ Plants began to grow on dry land.‎ ‎ 爬行动物出现。 旱地上生长植物。‎ ‎□⑦ The earth was a cloud of dust. □⑧ Water appeared on the earth.‎ ‎ 地球是一团灰尘。 地球上出现了水。‎ ‎□⑨ Shellfish and other fish appeared. □(10) The universe began with a “Big Bang”.‎ ‎ 贝壳动物和其他的鱼出现。 宇宙以“大爆炸”开始。‎ ‎□(11) Clever animals with hands and feet appeared. □(12) Mammals appeared.‎ ‎ 有手和脚的聪明的动物出现。 哺乳类动物出现。‎ ‎3. Think about what you have read and discuss these questions in pairs.‎ ‎ 思考你所读的内容并结对讨论下面问题。‎ ‎①Why was the earth different from the other planets?‎ 为什么地球与其他的行星不同。‎ ‎②Why did the plants grow before the animals came?‎ 为什么在动物出现之前生长植物？‎ ‎③Why is it wrong to show films with dinosaurs and people together?‎ 为什么电影中表现出恐龙和人类在一起是错误的？‎ ‎④There used to be nine planets in the solar system. Recently scientists have decided that one of them can no longer be considered a planet. Do you know the name of that planet? Do you know why they removed it?‎ 以前太阳系中有九颗行星。最近科学家决定不再把其中一个看作是行星，你知道那颗行星的名字吗？你知道他们为什么把它去掉吗？‎ ‎⑤What problem is caused by human beings?‎ 人类引起了什么问题？‎ ‎4. Read the passage again and underline all the discourse markers and sentence connectors.‎ 再读一遍短文划出所有的语篇标记语和句子连接词。‎ Discourse markers: however, next, after that, …‎ 语篇标识词： 然而， 其次，那以后，……‎ Sentence connectors: and, but, …‎ 句子连接词： 和，但是，……‎ ‎5. Discuss in groups and give a report to the class.‎ 结对讨论并给全班提供一个报告。‎ How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles① that scientists found hard to solve.‎ 生命的起源是科学家发现难以解决的最迷惑的问题之一。‎ What other puzzles are hidden in the passage? Find them out and do some research.‎ 短文中还藏有什么其他的迷？找出来并进行研究。‎ ‎1. puzzle / / vt. 使迷惑；使为难；使窘困 vi. 感到迷惑 n. (游戏的)猜谜；难题；谜 ‎(1)What puzzles me is how life began on earth. ‎ 令我百思不解的是地球上的生命是如何开始的。‎ ‎(2)I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now. 我对这个问题已冥思苦想了好几个星期。‎ ‎[拓展] ‎ puzzled adj. 迷惑不解的 puzzling adj. 令人迷惑不解的 ‎(3)She listened to the lecture about universe with a puzzled expression on her face. 她脸上带着困惑的表情在倾听着有关宇宙的讲演。‎ ‎(4)The teacher’s explanation of the stars clarifies the puzzling problem. 老师的有关行星的说明澄清了困扰的问题。‎ Learning about Language 语言学习 ‎ Discovering useful words and expressions ‎1. Use the correct prefix or suffix for each word. Write out the new word and explain the difference between the two.‎ 给下面单词添加正确的前缀和后缀。写出新词并解释两者的区别。‎ ‎-ence present → presence 在场的→出席 violent → ‎ 暴力的 confident →‎ 有信心的 different → ‎ 不同的 patient → ‎ 耐心的 certain →‎ 必然的 fair →‎ 公平的 paid →‎ 付清的 like →‎ 喜欢 kind →‎ 和蔼的 culture →‎ 文化 globe → ‎ 地球 universe →‎ 宇宙 agriculture →‎ 农业 mathematics →‎ 数学 art →‎ 艺术 physics →‎ 物理 chemistry →‎ 化学 biology →‎ 生物 science →‎ 科学 ‎2. Choose the correct word to fill in each of these blanks.‎ 选择正确的单词填空。‎ ‎①At the beginning, the earth had no .‎ ‎ 起初，地球没有____________。‎ A dust B atoms C water D matter ‎ 灰尘 原子 水 物质 ‎②The development of a planet generally depends on combining together.‎ ‎ 行星的发展一般依靠__________结合在一起。‎ A atoms B rocks C gases D water 原子 岩石 气体 水 ‎③The of mammals happened after the disappearance of the dinosaurs.‎ ‎ 哺乳动物的_____________在恐龙消失后出现。‎ A harmful B system C spread D method ‎ 有害的 系统 传播 方法 ‎④Mammals when the animals that were harmful to them disappeared.‎ ‎ 哺乳动物_________党对他们有害的动物消失时。‎ A prevented B multiplied C depended D existed ‎ 阻止 繁殖 依靠 生存 ‎3. Complete the following passage with the words and phrases below in the correct form.‎ ‎ 用下面单词和短语的正确形式完成下面短文。‎ astronomy atom fundamental puzzle exist prevent…from as a result give birth to 天文学 原子 基本的 迷 生存 阻止 结果 生产 Is the moon a planet? This question is if students are to show that they understand the nature of . Some scientists think that the earth the moon because the moon circles our planet. Others believe that the moon before the earth was formed. They think that earlier in time it travelled through space as a small planet which was caught by the earth’s gravity. , it goes around our planet. The evidence for this theory is that the that make up the rocks on the moon seem to be different from those on earth. What is clear is that the moon is smaller than the earth and this _________ it escaping from the earth. Although its origin may still be a , the moon can never be anything more than a satellite of the earth.‎ 月球是行星吗？问题是________如果学生要表示出他们懂得大自然_______。有些科学家认为地球_______月亮，因为月亮环绕我们的行星运行。其他一些认为月亮________在地球形成前，他们认为在时间初期它作为一个小行星在太空中运行，被地球的引力所吸引。________，它环绕地球运行。这个理论的证据是________使得月亮上的岩石而地球上的不同。很明显的是月亮比地球小，因此，这________它_________脱离地球。尽管它的起源可能仍然是一个________，月球永远是地球的卫星。‎ ‎4. In pairs divide these adjectives into two groups: emotional words and calm words.‎ 结对把下面的形容词分为两组：‎ violent patient gentle angry rude relaxing kind shocked excited easy-going calm crazy 暴力的 耐心的 温和的 气愤的 粗鲁的 放松的 和蔼的 吃惊的 兴奋地 随和的 镇静的 疯狂的 Discovering useful structures ‎1. Find all the examples in the reading passage where noun clauses are used as the subject and underline them. Then translate them into Chinese. The first two have been given.‎ 在阅读文章中找出所有主语从句的例子并下划线，然后译为汉语，前两个已经给出。‎ EXAMPLES: 示例：‎ What it was to become was uncertain until 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago.‎ ‎…it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.‎ ‎2. Rewrite the following sentences with noun clauses as the subject. The beginning has been given to you.‎ 用主语从句重写下列句子。开头已经给出。‎ ‎①His discovery has not yet been proved.‎ 他的发现还未得到证明。‎ What .‎ 什么______________________________。‎ ‎②Do the other astronomers accept his ideas? It remains a question.‎ 其他的天文学家接受他的观点吗？这仍然是个问题。‎ Whether .‎ 是否___________________________________。‎ ‎③The first appearance of life on earth is still a mystery to scientists.‎ 生命最初出现在地球上对科学家来说仍然是个谜。‎ How .‎ 怎样____________________________________。‎ ‎④Why is the earth becoming warmer? It is an important topic for research.‎ 为什么地球正在变暖？这是个重要的研究课题。‎ Why .‎ 为什么__________________________________。‎ ‎⑤Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight. It amazed everybody.‎ 史蒂芬·霍金65岁时在一次飞行中经历了失重，这使每个人都很惊奇。‎ It amazed everybody .‎ 它使每个人都很惊奇______________________________。‎ ‎⑥Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system. What a surprise!‎ 冥王星不再被认为是太阳系中的行星，多么就令人惊奇啊？‎ It is a surprise .‎ 这是件令人惊奇的事情____________________________。‎ ‎③Read the following passage and complete it with the suitable clauses below. Tell which is a subject clause and which is an object clause.‎ 阅读下面短文并用下面适当的从句完成它。说出哪个是主语从句，哪个是宾语从句。‎ ‎___________is not only a question which interests biologists and geologists. It is a favourite topic for discussion for physicists and astronomers. They would like to know because this may help them find ‎1.block out 挡住（光线）‎ ‎(1)We put a tarpaulin across the window to block out the sun-light. 我们将油布横挂在窗子上遮住阳光。‎ ‎(2)That piece of cloth has blocked out my sight of you.‎ 那块布挡住了我的视线，我看不见你。‎ ‎ ways to solve the problem of global warming. Some scientists believe . is uncertain, but water and food supply decreased and so the dinosaurs gradually died out. However, the mammals survived. Other scientists believe . As a result of this event, a great dust cloud formed in the sky blocking out① the sunlight. Without sunlight, most plants soon died and so many dinosaur species became extinct. Since the last ice age, the climate② of the earth has not changed very much. However, ________ is a concern for everybody on earth.‎ ‎_________不仅是一个让生物学家和地理学家感兴趣的问题，它也是物理学家和天文学家讨论的热点话题。他们想知道__________因为这有助于他们找出解决全球变暖问题的答案。一些科学家认为________。____________是不确定的，但是水和食物供应减少，因此恐龙灭绝了。然而，哺乳动物幸存下来。另一些科学家认为___________。由于这次事件，在天空中形成大量的灰尘阻挡了阳光。没有阳光，不久大部分的植物就死亡了，因此，许多种恐龙灭绝了。自从最后的冰川时期，地球的温度没有多大的变化，然而，_________是地球上每个人都关心的事情。‎ ‎①How dinosaurs disappeared 恐龙是如何灭绝的 ‎②that a comet crashed③ into the earth long ago and ‎2.climate n. 气候 ‎(1)Climate is summary of weather conditions over a period of years. ‎ 气候是数年中气象条件的综合概况。‎ ‎(2)In his lecture on geology, he touched on the subject of climate.‎ 他在关于地质学的报告中，也涉及到气候问题。‎ ‎3.crash vi. & vt. 碰撞；坠落 ‎(1)If you could somehow pack millions of stars into such a small volume, astronomers asked, would stars crash?‎ 天文学家问道：假如你能用什么方法将数百万颗恒星塞入这样小的体积内，恒星会相撞吗？‎ ‎(2)Clouds of spray rose from the sea as it crashed on the rocks. ‎ ‎ caused the disappearance 很久以前彗星撞上地球引起了它们的消失 ‎③that the earth slowly became hot and dry dozens of millions of years ago 数千万年以前地球慢慢地变得热和干燥起来 ‎④why dinosaurs became extinct 为什么恐龙灭绝 ‎⑤How the climate changed 气候如何变化 ‎ ‎⑥whether the climate will change again 天气是否还要变化 海水冲击岩石，团团浪花飞入空中。‎ ‎(3)Fortunately the pilot bailed out before the plane crashed.‎ 幸运的是飞机坠毁之前，驾驶员幸运地跳伞了。‎ Listening and discussing ‎1 Before listening, look at these pictures. In pairs discuss what you know about the three scientists and their ideas on gravity. Then tell the class.‎ 听前观察图片。结对讨论你们对这三位科学家和他们对地心引力的看法了解什么，然后讲给全班同学。‎ ‎2 Listen to Part 1 and Part 2 of the tape and choose the best summary of the listening text. Explain what is wrong with the others.‎ 听磁带的第一、第二部分并选择听力文章的最佳概要，解释其他的错在什么地方。‎ A The text is about how three scientists wanted to find out about the beginning of the universe.‎ 文章是关于三位科学家想发现宇宙的起源。‎ B The text is about how the idea of gravity has developed over a long period of time.‎ 文章是关于在这么长的时期地心引力理论是如何发展的。‎ C The text is about the importance of three scientists and their work.‎ 文章是关于三位科学家和他们工作的重要性。‎ ‎3 Listen to Part 1 again and fill in the first column of the chart. Then listen to Part 2 again and fill in the rest.‎ 听第一部分填表格的第一栏，然后听第二部分填第二栏。‎ Isaac Newton Albert Einstein Stephen Hawking Idea 想法 艾萨克·牛顿 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦 史蒂芬·霍金 Development 发展 Reading ‎ A VISIT TO THE MOON月球之旅 Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship①!‎ ‎1.spaceship n. 宇宙飞船 ‎(1)The spaceship will soon be launched, and the people at control have already begun to count down.‎ 宇宙飞船很快就要发射了，控制室的人已经开始在倒数了。‎ ‎(2)The scientists are able to calculate accurately when the spaceship will reach the moon.‎ 我的朋友李彦平是一位天文学家，上个月我有幸得到一个机会同他一起去太空旅行。我们乘宇宙飞船参观了月球。‎ ‎ Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull② of the earth’s gravity.(1) It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. “Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked. “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,” he explained, “so we feel as if there is no gravity at all. (2)When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s”. I cheered up③ immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger(3).‎ 科学家能准确地计算出太空船什么时候抵达月球。‎ ‎2.pull n.拉力 vt. 拖；拉 ‎(1)The moon’s pull affects the tides on earth. 月亮的引力影响地球上的潮汐。‎ ‎(2)The lecture on solar pulled a great crowd. 有关太阳系的讲演吸引了一大群人。 ‎ ‎(3)As an object gets away from the earth, the strength of the pull weakens. ‎ 当一个物体离开地球时，地球引力的强度就减弱。‎ ‎ [拓展] ‎ pull up (使)停下来；向上拉 pull down拆毁 pull over把……开到路边 ‎(4)The driving instructor told me to pull up at the post office. 驾驶教练让我在邮局停车。‎ ‎(5)Plans have been put forward to pull down and rebuild the area. 已提出计划，要把这个地区的房屋推掉重建。‎ ‎(6)I shouted to the driver of the tractor to pull over and let me through. 我向拖拉机手喊，要他把拖拉机开到路边让我过去。‎ ‎3.cheer up高兴起来；感到振奋 在启程以前，李彦平向我解释说，在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变，而第一次的改变将是最强的。随后我们就启航了。随着火箭的升空，由于我们在努力挣脱地球的引力，我们被向后推在座位上。这种引力太强了，以至于我们彼此间都不能说话了。随后，这个力量慢慢减小，我才能够同他讲话。我问道：“为什么太空船不会向后朝地球的方向落下去呢？在地球上的时候，如果我从树上掉下来，总会朝地上落下去的。”李彦平解释说：“现在我们离地球太远了，感觉不到地球的拉力，所以我们感觉好像没有地球引力了。当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。” 我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着（身后的）地球越来越小，而（前方的）月球越来越大。‎ ‎ When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately, “Come on,” I said. “If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less!” I laughed ‎ ‎(1)People all cheered up immediately when they saw the total solar eclipse.人们看到全日食后立刻高兴起来。 ‎ ‎(2)Cheer up! I’m sure you’ll feel better tomorrow. 振作起来！我肯定你明天会好些的。‎ ‎(3)Do something interesting to cheer yourself up. 做些有趣的事情让自己高兴起来。‎ ‎4. now that由于；既然，引导原因状语从句，有时that可以省略。‎ ‎(1)Now that I have nothing to do, I can enjoy music for a little while.既然我无事可做，我可以享受一会儿音乐了。‎ ‎(2)Now you have grown up, you can make up your mind by yourself.你已长大了，可以自己作决定了。‎ ‎(3)Now that you have got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.既然你得到了机会，你就应充分利用它。‎ ‎[易混辨析]because, since, as, for与now that ‎ because 语气最强，一般指事情发生的直接原因，回答提问时，一般放在主句之后。‎ since 语气较弱，指双方都明确的原因或众所周知的原因，侧重主句，从句表示显然的或已知的理由。‎ and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that④ gravity has changed.” After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.‎ 我们到达月球时，我就想立即进行探测。“来吧，”我说，“要是你讲得对，我的重量就会比在地球上小，因为月亮比地球小，而我就能更自由地活动了。如果我在月球上呆的时间足够长的话，我甚至可能长得更高，我的体重肯定也会变得更轻！”我笑着从飞船的梯级上爬下来。而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。“天哪，”我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。”过了一会儿，我才掌握了走路的诀窍，这才开始感到自如了。‎ ‎ Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth’s. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as ‎ as语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是显而易见的原因和理由，从句一般放在主句前。‎ for是并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。‎ now that同since相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。‎ We couldn’t go out because it was too cold. 因为天气太冷，我们不能外出。‎ ‎(4)Since you can’t answer the question, I’ll ask someone else.既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。‎ ‎(5)It must be morning for the birds are singing.一定是清晨了，因为鸟儿在叫。‎ ‎(6)As there was no answer, wrote him again. 鉴于他没有回复，我们又给他写了封信。‎ ‎[典型例题]‎ ‎—Why didn’t you return Fred’s call? ‎ ‎—I didn’t need to ____ I’ll see him tomorrow.‎ ‎【点拨】because 回答why引导的问句要用because。‎ ‎5.break fire broke out⑤ on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too,” I said, “Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time?” “Of course,” he smiled, “which star would you like to go to?”‎ ‎ 摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球引力那样痛苦；但是返回到地球的经历是非常吓人的。我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。当我们回到地面时，我们又感到被重重地推倒在座位上。我说道：“真是精疲力竭了，但也很激动人心。关于引力，我现在就懂得更多了。你认为下次我们可以上星球上去参观吗？”“当然可以，”他笑着说，“你想到哪颗星球上去呢？”‎ ‎ out是固定短语，表示战争、火灾等的“爆发”，不能用于被动语态。‎ ‎(1)A huge forest fire broke out after the lightning struck.‎ 闪电打下来之后，突然引起一场森林大火。‎ ‎(2)When the war broke out, the two countries broke off their diplomatic relations.  ‎ 战争爆发后,两国间断绝了外交关系。‎ ‎(3)If a war broke out, many other countries will be affected.‎ 一旦战争爆发，许多国家都要受到波及。‎ ‎[拓展] ‎ break up 解散；打碎 break down坏了；累垮了 break into闯入 break through突破 break away from脱离 break in打断谈话 ‎[典型例题] ‎ I was still sleeping when the fire broke ____, and then it spread quickly. 【点拨】out 根据fire判断，要填out，break out爆发。‎ ‎6.watch out当心；提放，后接名词时要加for。‎ ‎(1)Watch out for cars when you cross the road.‎ 过马路时当心车辆！‎ ‎(2)I advised them to watch out for slick spots on the sidewalk. 我叫他们当心人行道上路滑的地方。‎ ‎(3)We have to watch out for fast traffic along here.  ‎ 这里来往的车辆开得很快，我们必须小心。‎ ‎[拓展] ‎ watch over监视；看守 on watch值班 on the watch留意；提防着 ‎[典型例题] ‎ The building around the comer caught fire last night. The police are now watching _____the matter. ‎ ‎【点拨】over watch over监视。‎ Reading中长难句 ‎1. “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,” he explained, “so we feel as if there is no gravity at all.‎ ‎ a) too…to…太……而不……‎ ‎ Some of the stars are too far away for us to reach.‎ ‎ 有些星球太远了，我们根本到达不了。‎ ‎ The stars in the sky are too many to count.‎ ‎ 天上的行星太多了，数不过来。‎ ‎ b) as if好像；好似，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。‎ ‎ It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去要下雨了。‎ ‎ In a spaceship, an astronaut feels as if he were floating in the air.‎ 在宇宙飞船中，宇航员感觉就像在空中飘飘浮一样。‎ ‎2. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity.‎ a)该句是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句，在主句中有一个because引导的原因状语从句。‎ b) as在此意为“随着；伴随着”。‎ As he grew older, he began to know more and more about the universe.‎ 随着他的长大，他对宇宙里阿杰的越来越多。‎ As the plane was taking off, I felt as if my hearts would jump out of my mouth.‎ 随着飞机起飞，我感到心要从嘴里跳出来。‎ ‎3. I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.‎ watching the earth…是动词-ing形式构成的短语，在句中做伴随状语。‎ The boy lay on the ground, watching the stars in the sky.‎ 小孩躺在那里，看着天上的星星。‎ The students sat quietly in the classroom, listening to the teaching explaining how life began.‎ 学生们静静地坐着，听老师讲生命的起源。‎ ‎[典型例题]‎ Lots of rescue workers were working around the clock, (send)supplies to the flooded areas.‎ ‎【点拨】sending send和workers有逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用动词-ing形式作状语。‎ Read the passage carefully and then describe the three ways in which gravity changed for Li Yanping and how his weight changed.‎ 阅读短文，然后描述王艳平经历的地心引力改变的三种方式和他体重的变化。‎ Speaking and writing 口语和写作 ‎1. Life is different on a spaceship. There is very little gravity so that things float around. In pairs discuss what you need if you travel to the moon:‎ 宇宙飞船上的生活不同，几乎没有引力，因此物体四处飘浮。结对讨论如果你们去月球旅行需要什么？‎ to protect your skin 保护皮肤 to stop you flying off the moon’s surface and into space 避免从月球表面飞入太空 to stop your food floating away 避免食物飘走 Make a list of your ideas and take part in a class discussion to find the best ones. Use these words and expressions to help you.‎ 把你的想法列表然后参加班级讨论并找出最佳答案，可借助于这些单词和表达。‎ Please pay attention to… Please check that… You need…‎ 请注意…… 请检查…… 你需要……‎ Don’t forget to… Make sure that… Watch out⑥ for…‎ 不要忘了…… 确信…… 注意……‎ You’d better… You must/mustn’t… Please look at…‎ 你最好…… 你必须/不准…… 请看……‎ ‎2. Then write a short article explaining one of the problems that you might have on the moon. Set out what you should do to overcome this difficulty and have a happy visit.‎ 写一篇解释你有可能在月球上所遇到问题的短文，设置你下一步应该做什么来克服这个困难并有一个快乐的旅行。‎ SUMMING UP 小结 Write down what you have learned about the development of the earth and making a space trip.‎ 写下你学到的关于太空发展和太空旅行的知识。‎ ‎ ‎ From this unit you have also learned 在这一单元你学到了 useful verbs: ‎ 有用的动词：‎ useful nouns: ‎ 永远的名词：‎ useful adjectives and adverbs: ‎ 有用的形容词和副词：‎ other expressions: ‎ 其他表达：‎ a new grammar item: ‎ 一个新的语法项目：‎ LEARNING TIP 学习建议 Astronomy is a scientific subject made up of mathematics and physics. You can use the scientific method when studying English too. Study carefully how new words and structures are used. Try to make a simple rule in your own words to explain how and when a new word or structure is used. Test your theory by using the words or structures in new situations. Ask people to tell you if you are using them correctly. Then you will know if your theory is correct.‎ 天文学是有数学和物理组成的科学科目。你学英语时也可使用科学的方法。仔细研究生词和结构是如何使用的，尽量用自己的话定一个规则来解释生词和结构是如何使用、何时使用的。在新的情境中使用生词和结构来检测你的理论，请别人请教你用的是否正确，这样你就知道是的理论是否正确。‎ 语法讲解 主语从句 主语从句在符合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的连词有that，whether；连接代词who，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why等。需要注意的是主语从句也要用陈述句语序。‎ ‎1. 连词that和whether引导的主语从句 连词that和whether在主语从句中都不作句子成分，that没有实际意思，whether意为“是否”。‎ That Taiwan is the largest island in China is known to all of us.‎ 我们都知道台湾是中国最大的岛。‎ Whether they will come to help us with our work is still a problem.‎ 她是否要来帮助我们仍然是个问题。‎ That fashions differs from country to country may reflect the cultural difference from one aspect.‎ 各个国家的时装不同可能从一个方面反映了文化的不同。‎ ‎2. 连接代词who，what，which引导的主语从句 连接代词who，what，which除起连接作用外还在句中作主语、宾语等成分。‎ What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.‎ 什么引起了这次事故仍然是个谜。‎ Who will be the chairman of the meeting has not been decided.‎ 谁是大会的主持人还没有决定。‎ Which bike he will choose depends on himself.‎ 他要选哪辆自行车要靠他自己。‎ ‎3. 连接副词when，where，how，why等引导的主语从句 连接副词when，where，how，why除起连接作用外还在句子中做状语。‎ When we will go on a trip is not important.‎ 我们何时旅行不重要。‎ Where the building will be put up has something to do with all of us.‎ 大楼在什么地方建与我们所有的人有关。‎ Why there is gravity is hard for us to understand.‎ 为什么有地心引力我们很难理解。‎ How satellites are made is not clear to us.‎ 卫星是如何制造的我们不清楚。‎ 听说读写提升 一、听说功能 本单元学习了发出指令的一些表达方法（instructions），请牢记以下一些表达：‎ Please listen to what the teacher is saying. ‎ Please pay attention to the words on the blackboard.‎ Make sure you lock the door before you leave the room. ‎ Don’t forget to post the letter for me.‎ You’d better follow his advice. ‎ You must(n’t) put the cup on the bench.‎ Watch out for…‎ Please look at…‎ Please check that…‎ 二、读写技能 ‎1. 如何做细节题——间接信息题 ‎ ‎ 对于间接信息题，我们除阅读题干和选项，找出其关键词语并原文中迅速找出与之相关的细节外，还需要对原文的信息进行加工处理，然后进一步推断或鉴别来确定答案。间接信息题这是介于事实细节和推理判断之间的一种题型，有一定的难度。‎ ‎(2009 北京 D)‎ When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance, the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice, people seem to say, but not important. Too often it is viewed as mere entertainment, but certainly not an education priority(优先). This view is shortsighted. In fact, music education is ‎ beneficial and important for all students.‎ ‎………………………………………………………………………………………………‎ ‎………………………………………………………………………………………………‎ The arts are forms of thought as powerful in what they communicate as mathematical and scientific symbols. They are ways we human beings “talk” to each other. They are the language of civilization through which we express our fears, our curiosities, our hungers, our discoveries, our hopes. The arts are ways we give form to our ideas and imagination so that they can be shared with others. When we do not give children access to an important way of expressing themselves such as music, we take away from them the meanings that music expresses.‎ Science and technology do not tell us what it means to be human. The arts do. Music is an important way we express human suffering, celebration, the meaning and value of peace and love. ‎ So music education is far more necessary than people seem to realize.‎ ‎70. According to the passage, the arts and science .‎ A. approach the world from different angles B. explore different phenomena of the world C express people’s feelings in different ways D. explain what it means to be human differently ‎[答案] A。本题属于间接信息题，需要根据文章中出现的信息综合考虑。文章的第四段中谈到“艺术是我们人类相互’交谈’的语言，是我们表达恐惧、好奇、饥饿、 发现、希望的文明语言等”，由此可以看出，人们通过艺术来展现整个世界，也就是说“艺术让我们从不同的角度来了解这个世界”。‎ ‎ 2. 满分作文赏析 国际文化交流中心将组织一次由各国学生参加的“和平 · 友谊”夏令营活动，要求报名者提交英文个人简介。假设你是王姗，请根据下列信息写一篇个人简介。‎ 注意：‎ ‎( l )词数不少于 120。‎ ‎( 2)可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。范文：I am a 16-year-old girl by the name of Wang Shan, and I’m currently studying in Beijing Sunshine Middle School.‎ My interests include music, photography, and I believe that communication is the most essential skill and have developed a liking for communication skills. My biggest strength is my ability to communicate with others, and I can speak both Chinese and English fluently, and am good at speaking even with those who are shy and withdrawn.‎ I look forward to a world of beautiful nature and peace, and I think the most meaningful topic in the world will be war, and dealing with racial discrimination, starvation and protecting the environment.‎ My aim for this year’s summer camp is to make friends and learn more about foreign culture and customs. I wish to be reviewed for acceptance ‎ ‎①全文要点齐全，涵盖了题目所要求的个人简介的重要信息；文章层次分明，以姓名→身份→爱好→细节表露→参营目的为顺序，一个兴趣广泛、热爱和平的女孩跃然纸上。‎ ‎②第三段中“I think the most meaningful topic in the world will be war, and dealing with...”显示了作者着眼世界的宽阔视野。‎ ‎③语言运用灵活，首段中by the name of to this year’s summer camp based on my motivation, skills and personality.‎ Thanks, ‎ Wang Shan ‎ 及currently的恰当运用，摆脱了常规表达模式，较有新意，另外文中essential, look forward to, based on等词与短语的使用，显示了作者良好的语言功底。‎ 词句篇总结 ‎1. 我们的成败取决于是否每个人都努力工作。(depend on)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. 学生们都把英语老师看作是最好的朋友。(think of…as)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. 许多人喜欢看这部电影，因为它融教育和娱乐为一体。(combine…with)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. 使我感到最惊奇的是他没参加运动会。(主语从句)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5. 运动会将在下周六早晨召开。(be to do)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎6. 他们听到这个消息很失望。‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎7. 我刚好及时到会，才算没受责备。(in time)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎8. 既然我无事可做，我可以享受一会儿音乐了。(now that)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎9.我们认为帮助你摆脱困境是我们的责任。(think+it+n. + to do)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎10. 该轮到你读课文了。(It is one’s turn to do)‎ ‎______________________________________________________________________________‎ 答案：‎ ‎1. Our success depends on whether everyone works hard.‎ ‎2. The students all think of their English teacher as their best friend.‎ ‎3. Many people like to see the film because it combines education with recreation.‎ ‎4. What surprised me most was that he didn’t take part in the sports meeting.‎ ‎5. The sports meeting is to take place next Saturday morning.‎ ‎6. As the plane was taking off, I felt as if my hearts would jump out of my mouth.‎ ‎7. I saved my bacon by arriving just in time for the meeting.‎ ‎8. Now that I have nothing to do, I can enjoy music for a little while. ‎ ‎9. We think it our duty to help you out of trouble.‎ ‎10. It is your turn to read the text.‎ 单元达标·能力测试 单元达标·基础训练 I．单词拼写 根据汉语释义或首字母提示填写单词。 ‎ ‎1. Nowadays there are many ___________(暴力的) programs on TV.‎ ‎2. Since the opening to the outside world, our village has taken on a new and dynamic ___________ (气氛).‎ ‎3. Scientists are trying to find out whether life ___________ (存在) on Mars.‎ ‎4. Everything falls to the ground because of the earth’s ___________ (地心引力).‎ ‎5. Many glaciers are disappearing because of ___________ (全球性的) warming.‎ ‎6. After a few months, our just-in-time ___________（系统）became so efficient.‎ ‎7. Our teachers always pay attention to combining ___________(理论) with practice.‎ ‎8. ___________(与……不同) the European peasants, many American farmers were educated. ‎ ‎9. Children should be carefully insulated from ___________（有害的）experiences.‎ ‎10. Many people died in these crashes, and this has ___________（使迷惑）investigators.‎ II．动词填空 ‎ 根据句意，用所给单词的适当形式填空。‎ ‎11. You should try your best ___________ (combine) work with pleasure.‎ ‎12. He works hard and is well ___________ (think) of by the manager.‎ ‎13. They said goodbye, little knowing they were never ___________ (meet) again.‎ ‎14. Be quiet！Don’t wake up the ___________ (sleep) boy.‎ ‎15. The time bomb ___________ (explode) but nobody was injured .‎ ‎16. We consider it no use ___________ (discuss) the problem with him.‎ ‎17. Most of the ___________ (develop) countries in the world are western countries.‎ ‎18. A group of girls, ___________ (call) S.H.E is very popular with young people.‎ ‎19. The tree he planted many years ago has already ___________ (grow) into a big one.‎ ‎20. The boy lied that the hen which was lying there had already ___________ (lay) two eggs.‎ III．同义句转换 在空白处填入适当的词使上下两句的意思相同。每空限填一词。‎ ‎21. The students all look on their English teacher as their best friend.‎ The students all ______ ______ their English teacher as their best friend.‎ ‎22. He got up a little late, but got to the airport in time for the plane.‎ ‎ He got up a little late, but got to the airport in time ______ ______ the plane.‎ ‎23. As prices went up, we had to work hard to earn more money.‎ ‎ With prices ______ ______, we had to work hard to earn more money.‎ ‎24. I think it was a pity that you didn’t come to the concert last Sunday.‎ ‎ I think _____ _____ _____ that you didn’t come to the concert last Sunday.‎ ‎25. He can speak not only English but also French.‎ ‎ He can speak French ______ _____ _____ English.‎ IV．开放式完形填空 ‎ 请根据课文的内容，用适当的单词或短语补全下面的短文。 ‎ Last month Li Yanping and I made a (26) ___________ into space, during which we visited the moon in a (27) ___________. Before the trip he told me that the force of (28) ___________ would change three times on our journey and the first one would be the most (29) ___________. As the rocket rose into the air, we felt pushed back because we were trying to escape the (30) ___________ of the earth. As the rocket rose higher, we felt as if we were (31) ___________ in the spaceship and at once I (32) ___________ up. (33) ___________ that the gravity has changed, walking is a little difficult for us. After a little (34) ___________, we began to enjoy ourselves. Then we began our journey back to the earth. I could see fire (35) ___________ out as the gravity increased. It was really frightening.‎ 单元达标·综合测试 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）‎ 第一节：（共15小题；每小题2分，满分10分）‎ ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。‎ A About five states in Nigeria will experience a total eclipse (日蚀) of the sun on March 29, according to a forecast by the Ministry of Science and Technology this week. ‎ An eclipse occurs in one of two ways: when the moon passes between the earth and the sun so that all or part of the sun cannot be seen for a time, or when the earth passes between the moon and the sun so that you cannot see all or part of the moon for a time. The first case is a solar eclipse or eclipse of the sun, which occurs as the earth enters the shadow of the moon. The second describes a lunar eclipse or eclipse of the moon, which happens when the moon enters the shadow of the earth.‎ More than 60 percent of Nigerians are uneducated, and eclipses in some parts of the country in the past have caused commotions in which people have been killed and property destroyed. Some Nigerians believe an eclipse is punishment from the gods for evil doing.‎ The March 29th eclipse would be the fifth in Nigeria’s history, and it is expected to last for 30 minutes — 9:15AM to 9:45AM, according to the official prediction. Nigeria witnessed eclipses in 1898, 1947, 1959, and 2001. ‎ The shadows in an eclipse have a central dark part called umbra, and a less dark external section called penumbra. In the umbra, all the sun’s light is cut off, and this is called total eclipse; while in the penumbra, only a part of the light from the sun is cut off from the moon, and it is called partial eclipse. ‎ Five Nigerian states — Oyo, Kwara, Niger, Zamfara, and Katsina — are expected to have total eclipse, while other parts of the country will experience partial eclipse.‎ ‎21. This passage is mainly written to ________.‎ A. predict a eclipse of the sun in Nigeria B. compare a eclipse of the sun with a eclipse of the moon C. provide information on a coming eclipse of the sun in Nigeria D. show that people in Nigeria receive little education ‎22. What does the underlined word “commotions” mean?‎ ‎ A. Surprises. B. Disorders.‎ ‎ C. Wars. D. Worries.‎ ‎23. If this passage is taken from a newspaper, which section is the passage probably from?‎ A. Entertainment. B. Economy. ‎ C. Education. D. Science.‎ ‎24. The best title for this passage is ________.‎ A. What Is an Eclipse B. How Foolish People in Nigeria Are C. Nigeria Expects Solar Eclipse D. Solar Eclipse Happens on March 29‎ B When people want to know about the weather, they usually go to there radios, TVs, newspapers, or to the Internet. However, you can also find many weather signs among wildlife, because of their highly developed senses. Drops in air pressure(压力) produce an effect on small animals in many ways. Mice and deer are good weather indicators. People who spend a lot of time outdoors have observed that, before a storm, field mice come out of their holes and run around, Deer leave high ground and come down from the mountains.‎ ‎ Birds are especially good weather indicators because they also show the effect of a pressure drop in many ways. For example, some birds become irritable(急躁的)and quarrelsome and will fight over a piece of bread. Other birds chirp (叽叽喳喳) and sing just before a storm. It seems they know they won’t get another chance for an hour on two. Birds also seek safe places before a storm. You will sometimes see birds settling in trees or gathering together on a wire close to a building. Pre-storm low pressure makes the air so thin that birds have difficulty flying.‎ ‎ It is unusual to see many birds flying overhead in the summertime, rather than during the periods in the spring or autumn. Watch for other weather signs if you see this. If they fly in the wrong direction, they may be flying ahead of a storm.‎ ‎ By paying closer attention to some important signs in nature, we can become better prepared for any kind of weather.‎ ‎25. The word “indicators” in paragraph I probably means . ‎ ‎ A. maps B. services C. signs D. stations ‎26. There will be a storm if birds . ‎ ‎ A. make more noise than usual B. fly in different directions ‎ C. come down from tall trees D. share a piece of bread ‎27. How can birds sense the coming of a storm? ‎ ‎ A. By feeling a drop in air temperature.‎ ‎ B. By noticing the change of wind directions.‎ ‎ C. By feeling a drop in air pressure.‎ ‎ D. By noticing the movements of other animals.‎ ‎28. The best title for the text would be . ‎ ‎ A. Signs of a Storm B. Drops in Air Pressure ‎ C. Animals’ Sharp Senses D. Nature’s Weather Signs C In June, 2010, a group of students from eight high schools in Winnipeg, the capital of Canada’s Manitoba province, will begin test-launching(试发射) a satellite the size of a Rubik’s cube.‎ The one-kilogram Win-Cub satellite, named for its home city and its shape, will be put into low orbit. Once in space, it can perform for a few months or up to several years, communicating information that could help find the signs of earthquakes.‎ There are 80 similar satellite projects worldwide, but this is the first high-school based program of its kind in Canada．30 Manitoba high school students are having a hand in designing and building the satellite, in cooperation with aerospace(航空航天的) experts and 10 students from the University of Manitoba, and with support from two other organizations.‎ The Win-Cube project is not something that goes on a piece of paper; it is real-world engineering, allowing high school students to have an opportunity to learn more about the exciting world of engineering through their participation in this challenging program. It is also taken as a wonderful example of the unique partnerships within Manitoba. Designing, building and launching a satellite with high-school participation will bring this world-class educational project into reality and Manitoba closer to space.‎ ‎“These Manitoba high school students deserve congratulations for their enthusiasm, innovation(创新), and a strong love for discovery,” said Education, Citizenship and Youth Minister Peter Bjomson. “We want to make science more relevant, interesting and attractive to high school students by showing them how classroom studies can relate to practical experience in the workplace or, in this case, in space,” Bjomson added.‎ The Win-Cube program is mainly named at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students. It also shows Manitoba’s devotion to research and innovation and the development of a skilled workforce—all important drivers of knowledge-based economic growth. 29. According to the passage, the Win-Cube satellite is _________. A．named after Manitoba and its shape ‎ ‎ B．intended for international communication C．designed like a Rubik’s cube both in shape and size D．challenged by university students around the world 30. According to Mr. Bjomson, ___________. A．those Manitoba high school students are worth praising B．the study of space can be practically made in classrooms C．Manitoba high schools are famous for the study of space D．scientific research is too far away from high school students 31. The primary purpose of the project is to _________. A．find the early signs of earthquakes             B．relate studies to practical C．help high school students study real-world engineering D．inspire a strong desire for discovery among the students 32. The best title for this passage may be ________. A．Manitoba School        B．Win-Cube Program         C．Space Co-operation D．Satellite Launching D Discover ‎ Newsmagazine of science devoted to the wonders an stories of modern science, written for the educated general reader. Published(出版) by Disney Magazine Publishing Co., Discover tells many of the same stories professionals(专业人员) read in Scientific American. A truly delightful family science magazine, each issue(每期) brings to light new and newsworthy topics to make dinnertime and water-cooler conversations interesting.‎ Cover Price: $59.88‎ Price: $19.95($1.66/issue)‎ You Save: $39.93(67%)‎ Issues: 12 issues/12 months Self ‎ Published by conde Nast Publications Inc., Self is a handbook devoted to women’s overall physical and mental health. Every issue contains usable articles such as “Style Lab”, in which wearable clothes are mixed and matched on non-models and the “Eat-right Road Map”, with tips on how to eat properly.‎ Cover Price: $35.86‎ Price: $15.00($2.5/issue)‎ You Save: $20.86(58%)‎ Issues: 10 issues/12 months Instyle ‎ Instyle is a guide to the lives and lifestyles of the world’s famous people. The magazine covers the choices people make about their homes, their clothes and their free time activities. With photos and articles, it opens the door to these people’s homes, families, parties and weddings, offering ideas about beauty, fitness and in general, lifestyles. Publisher: The Time Inc. Magazine Company.‎ Cover Price: $47.88‎ Price: $23.88($2.38/issue)‎ You Save: $24.00(50%)‎ Issues: 10 issues/12 months Wired ‎ This magazine is designed for leaders in the field of information engineering including top managers and professionals in the computer, business, design and ‎ education industries. Published by Conde Nast Publications Inc., Wired often carries articles on how technology changes people’s lives.‎ Cover Price: $59.40‎ Price: $10.00($1.00/issue)‎ You save: $49.40(83%)‎ Issues: 10 issues/12months ‎33. Which two magazines are published by the same publisher?‎ ‎ A. Wired and Instyle B. Discover and Instyle ‎ ‎ C. Self and Discover D. Self and Wired ‎34. Which magazine offers the biggest price cut?‎ ‎ A. Instyle B. Wired C. Discover D. Self ‎35. The “Style Lab” in Self provides readers with articles which _____.‎ ‎ A. offer advice to ordinary women on clothes ‎ B. show how a woman can become famous ‎ C. introduce places with the best food ‎ D. discuss ways of training models 第二节：（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Shooting for the Stars Tereshkova flew into space on June 16, 1963, on the three-day Vostok 6 mission. 36 ‎ ‎ A textile worker from a modest family, Tereshkova became interested in parachuting at a young age. 37 Tereshkova and four other women were part of ‎ the first all-female cosmonaut training group in 1961, but only Tereshkova ever completed a flight.‎ After Tereshkova’s landmark mission, it would take another 20 years for the United States to send a woman into space. 38 Since then, a total of 57 women from nine different countries have blasted off.‎ Chinese astronaut Wang Yaping heads for the launch site shortly before her mission to dock with a space lab on June 11.‎ ‎ 39 NASA astronaut Karen Nyberg was aboard the International Space Station and China sent its second-ever female astronaut, Wang Yaping, to work on its orbiting space module. However, Tereshkova remained the only woman to complete a solo flight.‎ In recent years, NASA has run into trouble with funding. 40 However, this new class of astronaut candidates suggests that NASA is looking ahead to the future of space exploration. The group includes the first female fighter pilot to become an astronaut in almost two decades, as well as a female helicopter pilot.‎ ‎ A. Since then, many astronauts have conquered the space.‎ ‎ B. Two women have been in orbit in recent years. ‎ C. However, her parents thought it dangerous to do so and tried to stop her.‎ ‎ D. Currently, there are no American spacecraft that can carry humans to space.‎ ‎ E. Astronaut Sally Ride became the first female American woman to leave Earth on June 18, 1983.‎ ‎ F. Two years later another Russian cosmonaut, Yuri Gagarin, achieved the first piloted spaceflight in 1961.‎ ‎ G. Her experience in parachute jumping led to her being selected as a cosmonaut by the Russian government.‎ 第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节；满分45分）‎ 第一节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 ‎ When I was a teenager, I joined a club that did community service work. There was one 41 event that was memorable for me. We spent four hours 42 warm dinner to the homeless in the street. After that we went to a homeless 43 .‎ I was in high school at that time and my 44 was too young to take part. She 45 to help, so she made sixty cookies for us to 46 and hand out to people. When we got to the homeless shelter we passed out the 57 meals we had left. Next, we began making sandwiches and pairing them with other goodies and shared them with the crowd. I had the tins with my sister’s cookies in them and 48 to walk around, offering them to anyone near me.‎ I 49 an older gentleman and said, “Sir, would you like a cookie?” He stopped and turned 50 , asking, “What did you say? Did you call me sir?” And I told him I had, and his eyes 51 a little bit and he said, “No one has 52 called me sir. Never.” He was very excited.‎ I felt shocked. I explained I had been raised that everyone deserved 53 . It saddened me to think that just 54 he was homeless, no one afforded him the honor to which every person should 55 . It broke my heart, and I couldn’t help 56 cry. I just didn’t understand why no one ever called him sir. 57 because he didn’t have money or a place to live? Every single person deserves to be 58 with dignity(尊严). Years later, I still carry that 59 and the lessons it taught me. Sometimes, what we take for granted as 60 gestures can really make a difference in someone’s life.‎ ‎41. A. specific B. funny C. strict D. brave ‎42. A. turned in B. handing out C. taking up D. calling back ‎43. A. bus B. office C. shelter D. school ‎44. A. neighbor B. friend C. classmate D. sister ‎45. A. pretended B. refused C. wanted D. failed ‎46. A. sell B. take C. enjoy D. eat ‎47. A. satisfying B. warm C. cold D. remaining ‎48. A. began B. stopped C. promised D. expected ‎49. A. praised B. approached C. chose D. caught ‎50. A. off B. in C. around D. back ‎51. A. watered B. dried C. closed D. opened ‎52. A. either B. yet C. still D. ever ‎53. A. sadness B. attention C. protection D. respect ‎54. A. before B. though C. because D. as ‎55. A. discuss B. get C. offer D. enter ‎56. A. but B. and C. or D. so ‎57. A. Naturally B. Just C. Specially D. Jokingly ‎58. A. considered B. pleased C. treated D. controlled ‎59. A. dream B. note C. message D. memory ‎60. A. simple B. easy C. deep D. recent 第二节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（不多于三个单词）或使用括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Polar bears are suffering in a 61. (warm) world than ever before. ‎ Polar bears live in environments too cold for most animals. 62. much of the year, they live and hunt on the frozen Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared 63. for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger that 64. (threat) the only home they know. ‎ The polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that the polar ice has reduced by 9.8% every 10 years 65. 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend on the sea ice for their 66. (survive). “The sea ice is more than just this platform that the bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, 67. scientist who studies North American polar bear populations. “68. it, they can’t exist.”‎ Some melting and refreezing of the polar ice is natural. 69. in a warmer world, these cycles speed up, and bears have less time to hunt. Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat is used later, 70. the bears are not actively hunting. ‎ 第四部分：写作（共两节；满分35分）‎ 第一节：短文改错（满分10分)‎ Patience is of great important in our daily life. Once I waited a bus to come at a stop. 30 minutes past, but no bus came. Both upset and annoyed, I decided to walk on feet. But no sooner had I left when the bus arrived. I thought if I had waited for one more minute, I would have caught it. If I chose to take a next bus, I would have to wait for other 30 minutes. Only then do I realize my problem. Being impatient will possibly waste all the effort that we have put it in. Now whenever I am close to lose my patience, I’ll think of this experience 第二节：书面表达（满分25分)）‎ ‎2016年6月处, 由于连续降雨，我国南方一些省市发生了特大洪灾，给人民群众的生活造成了严重影响。解放军及时赶到营救灾民。他们在抗洪中竭尽全力，给村民们供应了新鲜蔬菜和食品。全国各地的赈灾物资都被运往灾区救济灾民。在全国人民的帮助下，灾区的人民战胜了洪灾。‎ 请根据图画和描述写一篇100词左右的短文。‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________ ________‎ 单元达标能力测试答案 单元达标·基础训练 I．单词拼写 ‎1. violent 2. atmosphere 3. exists 4. gravity 5. global 6. system 7. theory 8. Unlike 9. harmful 10. puzzled II．动词填空 ‎11. to combine 12. thought 13. to meet 14. sleeping 15. exploded 16. discussing 17. developed 18. called 19. grown 20. laid III．同义句转换 ‎21. think of 22. to catch 23.going up 24.it a pity 25.as well as IV．开放式完形填空 ‎26. trip 27. spaceship 28. gravity 29. powerful 30. pull 31. floating 32. cheered 33. Now 34. practice 35. break 单元达标·综合测试 第二部分：阅读理解 第一节： ‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】3月29日利亚发生的日食，在过去，由于那里的人大多数没有受过教育，日食的出现曾引起过骚乱，甚至杀戮。‎ ‎36. C 主旨大意题。根据文章的第一句“About five states in Nigeria will experience a total eclipse (日蚀) of the sun on March 29”可知，该文主要介绍的是即将在尼日利亚发生的日食。‎ ‎37. B 词义猜测题。根据下文的“people have been killed and property destroyed”可知，该词的意思是“动荡；骚扰”，所以选B。‎ ‎38. D 推理判断题。文中很明确地介绍了日蚀是怎样发生的，以及日全食与日偏食的原因等，所以本文涉及的是日食方面的科普知识，故选D。‎ ‎39. C 主旨大意题。该文主要介绍的是即将在尼日利亚发生的日食。所以用C项作标题准确反映了本文的主题内容。‎ B ‎【语篇解读】人们能从许多小动物的身上看到天气变化的迹象，因为气压的变化在许多方面对动物有影响。‎ ‎40. C 词义猜测题。根据you can also find many weather signs among wildlife推测，该词指的就是signs。‎ ‎41. A 细节理解题。根据Other birds chirp (叽叽喳喳) and sing just before a storm判断。‎ ‎42. C 细节理解题。根据Pre-storm low pressure makes the air so thin that birds have difficulty flying判断。‎ ‎43. D 推理判断题。文章主要讲述动物在天气变化前的征兆，所以用D做标题。‎ C ‎ 【语篇解读】2010年六月来自加拿大八所学校的学生将使发射一颗人造卫星，学生们通过参与者向具有挑战性的项目将会有机会学到更多的有关工程学及太空方面的知识。‎ ‎44. A 细节理解题。根据named for its home city and its shape可以看出该答案。在文中没有谈到“国际交流”，所以B错误；C项中的in size存在错误；没有提到全世界的学生，所以D错误。‎ ‎45. A 推理判断题。根据“这些学生的热情、创新和对发现的热爱值得祝贺”推测，他认为这些学生值得赞扬。‎ ‎46. D　细节理解题。根据named at inspiring a strong desire for discovery on the part of the students可知，该项目的目的是为了及其学生发现的欲望，所以选D。　‎ ‎47. B 主旨大意题。选项A讲的是学校；选项C讲的是太空合作；选项D讲的是卫星的发射。只有选项B(The Win-Cube program)讲的是学生参与的这个项目，因此用B作标题可起到画龙点睛的作用。‎ D ‎ 【语篇解读】本篇阅读理解主要介绍了Discovery等几本杂志。‎ ‎48. D 细节理解题。Self和Wired都是有conde Nast Publications Inc.出版的。‎ ‎49. B 推理判断题。Wired节省$49.40，达到83%。‎ ‎50. A 细节理解题。根据“wearable clothes”和“non-models”来判断。‎ 第二节 ‎36—40 36. FGEBD ‎ 第三部分：英语知识运用 第一节： ‎ ‎【语篇解读】作者少年时期参加社区服务工作，为无家可归的人分发食品。在帮助一位老年人时，作者的一声“sir”让老人找到了自己的尊严。‎ ‎41. A。specific 特殊的。由memorable以及后文的故事可知，这件事情很特别。‎ ‎42. B。hand out分发。根据下文的“warm dinner to the homeless in the street”，所以应该是“分发”。‎ ‎43. C。与后面的“When we got to the homeless shelter”相呼应。‎ ‎44. D。根据下文“I had the tins with my sister’s cookies in them”可知，这是我妹妹做的小饼。‎ ‎45. C。她做了六十块小饼，所以说“她想提供帮助”。‎ ‎46. B。她没有去，应该是让作者带去的。‎ ‎47. D。根据修饰语we had left，说明是“剩下的”。‎ ‎48. A。手里拿着妹妹做的饭，开始给附近的每一个人。‎ ‎49. B。根据下文的“and said, ‘Sir, would you like a cookie?’”可知，作者走到一位老先生跟前。‎ ‎50. C。作者与老人说话，他转过身来。turn around转过身来；turn back往回走。‎ ‎51. A。没有人称他为“先生”，所以他很激动，眼里含满了泪。‎ ‎52. D。由Never可知“他没有得到过这种称呼”。‎ ‎53. D。“每个人都应该得到尊重”这是我从小受到的教育，作者给老人解释。‎ ‎54. C。根据语义可知，“he was homeless”是原因，此处用because来解释原因。‎ ‎55. B。前面提到I explained I had been raised that everyone deserved …，所以认为“这是每个人应该得到的”。‎ ‎56. A。can’t help but do sth 不得不做某事；忍不住做某事。‎ ‎57. B。作者不理解为什么没有人称呼过他为“先生”，只是因为他没有钱、没有住处吗？‎ ‎58. C。每个人都应该得到尊重。‎ ‎59. D。很多年后，作者依然记得这段记忆，以及它所教会作者的东西。‎ ‎60. A。这种举动很简单，但是给人造成的影响很深远。‎ 第二节 ‎61. warmer。句中出现than，要用比较级。‎ ‎62. During。during much of the year 在一年的大多数时候 ‎63. them。讲的是Polar bears ，这里需要用宾格them。‎ ‎64. threatens。that引导的定语从句，缺少谓语，要用threat的动词threaten, 主语是danger，要用threatens。 ‎ ‎65. since。 since+点时间，用现在完成时。‎ ‎66. survival。their修饰名词。‎ ‎67. a 。单数名词前，表泛指，用a。‎ ‎68. Without。没有冰，他们无法生存。‎ ‎69. But。一些极地冰的融化和重新冻结是很自然的，但是在一个更暖和的世界,这些周期加快了。‎ ‎70. when。当熊不积极打猎时，这些额外的脂肪就会被用掉。‎ 第四部分：写作 第一节 ‎：短文改错 ‎1. important—importance。be of importance 等于be important。‎ ‎2. waited 后加for。wait是不及物动词，后接宾语时要加for。wait for sth“等待”。‎ ‎3. past—passed。根据but no bus came用一般过去时。‎ ‎4. feet—foot。on foot“步行”。‎ ‎5. when—than。no sooner...than “一……就……”。‎ ‎6. a--the。句意：如果我选择下一辆车的话，我还得再等待三十分钟。the next bus“下一趟车”。‎ ‎7. other—another。another 30 minutes“再三十分钟”。‎ ‎8. do—did。only +状语 +部分倒装，由于句子是一般过去时，所以用did。‎ ‎9. 去掉it。that we have put in 是all the effort的定语从句，it成分重复。‎ ‎10. lose—losing。‎ 第二节：书面表达 ‎ One Possible version:‎ At the beginning of June, there was heavy rainfall in several provinces and cities in South China which led to heavy flood. It affected people’s life greatly and caused great losses. Many people’s lives were in danger. The PLA men arrived immediately to rescue the villagers of the flooded areas. Not only did they try their best to fight against the flood but also they supplied the villagers with fresh vegetables and food. Besides, many medical teams were organized to help them so that they could have healthy diet. Supplies and money from all parts of our country were sent to those areas to support them. With the help of the people all over the country, the people in the flooded areas won the battle against flood and rebuilt their homes.‎ 课本练习答案 Comprehending ‎ Answer key to Exercise 1: ‎ Paragraph 1: A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe Paragraph 2: The formation of the earth Paragraph 3: The importance of water for life Paragraph 4: The development of plants and animals on the earth Paragraph 5: The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth Answer key to Exercise 2: ‎ ‎10, 7, 3, 8, 4, 9, 6, 1, 5, 2, 12, 11 ‎ Answer key to Exercise 3: ‎ ‎1. Because the water remained on the earth.‎ ‎2. Because plants provide oxygen for animals to breathe.‎ ‎3. Because dinosaurs died out long before human beings developed on the earth.‎ ‎4. The name is Pluto. Scientists now think it is too small to be called a planet.‎ ‎5. Human beings caused global warming.‎ Suggested answers to Exercise 4:‎ Discourse markers:‎ however, after that, next, later, finally, thus, as a result of this Sentence connectors or conjunctions:‎ and, but, because Suggested answers to Exercise 5:‎ The other puzzles hidden in the passage are: ‎ How did the earth’s k atmosphere develop?‎ Why did water stay on the earth but not on the other planets?‎ Ho did life forms develop?‎ Why did some life forms disappear?‎ Sample dialogue: ‎ S1: Let’s look at the picture of the formation of the earth and the evolution of life on earth.‎ S2: It’s very complicated. Perhaps we can divide it up into stages and then describe each one.‎ S1: That sounds a good idea.‎ S2: The first stage must include the formation of the universe and the earth until the presence of water encouraged the development of life forms.‎ S1: OK. Then there’s a whole line of plants and animals that appeared. How do we organize them into a stage?‎ S2: Well, they appeared first in the oceans and seas so that can be one stage. Then they moved to the land and that be the third stage.‎ S1: Do you think there should be a fourth stage?‎ S2: Maybe - when mammals and later humans appeared. What do you think?‎ S1: Well, really that should be part of the third stage. We are only one species of animal like all the others, aren’t we?‎ S2: Yes, we are. So I agree. Let’s stick with three stages.‎ S1: Fine. Now let’s fill in the stages...‎ LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE Answer key for Exercise 1: ‎ ‎-ence Un-‎ ‎-al ‎-ist presence violence confidence difference patience uncertain ‎ unfair ‎ unpaid ‎ unlike ‎ unkind ‎ cultural global universal agricultural mathematical artist physicist chemist ‎ biologist scientist Answer key for Exercise 2: ‎ ‎1. C 2. A 3. C 4. B Answer key for Exercise 3: ‎ fundamental, astronomy, gave birth to, existed, As a result, atoms, Prevents ... from, puzzle Answer key for Exercise 4:‎ Emotional words Calm words violent, angry, rude, shocked, excited, crazy ‎ patient, gentle, relaxing, kind, easy-going. calm Discovering useful structures Answer key for Exercise 1: ‎ ‎1 What has not yet been proved is his discovery.‎ ‎2 Whether the other astronomers accept his idea remains a question.‎ ‎3 How life first appeared on earth is still a mystery to scientists.‎ ‎4 What the earth is becoming warmer is an important topic for research.‎ ‎5 It amazed everybody that Stephen Hawking at 65 experienced zero gravity during a flight ‎6 It is a surprise that Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.‎ Suggested answers to Exercise 3:‎ ‎1, 4, 3, 5, 2, 6‎ USING LANGUAGE Answer key for Exercise 2:‎ Summary B is correct because it gives a clear idea what the listening passage is about.‎ Summary A is not true. The three scientists wanted explain how the universe worked and not how began.‎ Summary C is too general and does not give enough detail about what the listening passage is about.‎ Answer key for Exercise 2:‎ Isaac Newton Albert Einstein ‎ Stephen Hawking Idea Large bodies have a force which pulls things towards them In space large objects make space and time bend; the larger the object, the farther space and time bend Black holes have a very large mass and pull things towards them.‎ Development The bigger the object the stronger the gravity Time goes slower in very strong gravity If you go over the edge, you cannot get out; but if you do not, you may be able to escape.‎ Reading Answer key: ‎ ‎1 The pull of gravity became very strong as he left the earth’s atmosphere. His weight is normal.‎ ‎2 It disappeared when he was in space. He is weightless.‎ ‎3 It was very light when he was on the moon. He weighs less than on earth.‎ Speaking and writing S1: Let’s think about what we would need to protect our skin if we visited the moon.‎ S2: I’d take some skin cream. That works very well when we go to the sea.‎ S3: Yes, but it’s going to be much too hot to put cream on your skin on the moon.‎ S4: What’s more you get direct heat from the sun. There are no clouds on the moon to protect you.‎ S3: Oh dear and I also have to carry oxygen around with me everywhere because there’s no oxygen on the moon.‎ S2: Why don’t we carry the oxygen on our backs in a tank?‎ S1: Good idea, but won’t that hurt our skin?‎ S4: I think it will. Why don’t we wear a spacesuit which has the possibility of protecting your skin and helping you carry the oxygen very easily?‎ S1: A very good idea. We also need some sunglasses as the sun will be as bad for our eyes as for our skin.‎ S3: That’s right. The helmet of the suit can have sunglasses you can use.‎ S2: How will the suit Protect our skin?‎ S4: It’s so hot there so I suggest we design a suit that can supply cold water so the wearer feels cool and hot water to warm us if we feel cold.‎ S2: Great! So I won’t need sun cream after all. That’s good!‎ Sample article:‎ If I visited the moon, here is a problem I might have: how to stop my food floating away I would have to take all my food with me lf I went to the moon. In the spaceship there is no gravity so the food would float around if it was solid. So I would make sure that it is specially made as liquid space food.‎ The problem Possible solutions It could be put in a tube and then I would be able to eat it more easily. Perhaps I would use a straw to eat it h would solve the problem.‎ how it would solve the problem Workbook材料及答案 LISTENING Answer key for Exercise 1:‎ ‎1. Several countries are involved in space travel with satellites and spaceships that have visited one of the Planets (Mars: USA) and the moon (USA). only one country has sent astronauts to the moon and returned them safely - the USA.‎ ‎2. Three countries have sent astronauts into space: Russia, USA and China.‎ ‎3. The Russian astronauts have traveled round the earth and lived in a space station. The American astronauts have traveled round the earth, lived in a space station and landed on the moon.‎ The Chinese astronauts have traveled round the earth and one has walked in space.‎ Answer key for Exercise 2:‎ The main idea is the excitement of space travel and the qualifications and experience needed to become an astronaut.‎ Answer key for Exercise 3:‎ Questions ‎ Yang Liwei’s answers When was the most exciting moment?‎ When his spaceship lifted off the ground he knew he was really on his way into space.‎ What surprised him?‎ The beauty of space.‎ What did he do?‎ He watched all his instruments and stayed calm.‎ Answer key for Exercise 4:‎ Information on Yang Liwei, the astronaut Education He got his degree Training He trained for ten years to fly airplanes and then to fly a spaceship Physical qualities Smaller than 170 cm; less than 70 kg.‎ ‎ ‎ Answer key for Exercise 5:‎ dreamed, young, wish, true, gradually, opportunity, love USING WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS Answer key for Exercise 1:‎ ‎1. blocking out 2. broke out 3. gave out 4. sold out 5. watch out 6. hang out Answer key for Exercise 2:‎ ‎1. religions, religious 2. like, unlike 3 gentle, gently 4. presentation, present Answer key for Exercise 3:‎ ‎1. Now that we have finished the design, the company, in its turn, will do the construction.‎ ‎2. The fire did not cause too much damage, because the firefighters arrived in time.‎ ‎3. The spaceship was pulled close to the satellite by its strong gravity.‎ ‎4. The sandstorm led to a chain reaction which ended in a serious train crash.‎ ‎5. The atmosphere in the classroom relaxed after the teacher’s humorous talk cheered us up.‎ ‎6. Don’t disturb her. She gave birth to a boy last night and now she is asleep.‎ ‎7. Most of the evidence is destroyed. Thus, it’s impossible to prove that the drug is harmful.‎ ‎8. Clouds are masses of very small drops of water that float in the sky.‎ Answer key for Exercise 4:‎ existed, lived, developed, protect ... from, climate, multiplied, weather, prevent ... from USING STRUCTURES Answer key for Exercise 1:‎ ‎6, 2, 7, 3, 1, 5, 4‎ ‎6. scientists’ belief ‎7. His suggestion Suggested answers to Exercise 2:‎ ‎1. What interests me most in this unit is astronomy.‎ ‎2. When the party will be held hasn’t been decided yet.‎ ‎3. Whether we visit the zoo this weekend depends on your behaviour ‎4. How you plan your wedding is a personal decision.‎ ‎5. Why the gate was unlocked when we came home is a puzzle to us.‎ ‎6. It is funny that you have not received your invitation to the party yet ‎7. It worried us that many people who ride bicycles do not look where they are going.‎ ‎8. It appears that the computer course does not start till next week Sample discussion for Exercise 3:‎ S1: My only problem is finding time to listen to my music. My parents insist that I finish doing my homework before I listen to my music. The fact is that by then it’s time to go to bed.‎ S2: You’re lucky if that’s your only problem. What I find difficult is that I have to share my bedroom with my cousin who wants to work at night but not during the evening. So he keeps the light on and makes it very difficult for me to go to sleep.‎ S3: That’s no problem. My advice is putting a towel over your head and the darkness will soon put you to sleep. My Problem, now is really impossible to solve. The trouble is that I’m unable to concentrate on my work because I get so worried about the exams. It seems as if I freeze and can’t do anything. This makes me worry even more and then I really panic.‎ S4: Don’t worry. I used to have that problem. What I would advise is to meditate on your bed every night before going to bed. Classical music also seems to help. I think you should try it.‎ S3: Thanks. I will.‎ S2: I’ll also try your suggestion of the towel – maybe that will work for me.‎ S1: As for me, I shall just have to discover a way of working even harder so I have more free time!‎ LISTENING TASK Answer key for Exercise 1:‎ Look at the list on Page l l3 (SB Speaking and writing).‎ Suggested answers to Exercise 2:‎ ‎1. Hubble telescope 2. oxygen 8. waist ‎3. gravity boots 4. engines 5. weigh ‎7. tiring 6. feathers Suggested answers to Exercise 3:‎ Questions ‎ Notes Why did Li Yanping have to repair the Hubble telescope?‎ It needed cleaning so that it would work better Which two ways does his spacesuit protect him in space?‎ ‎1. It carries oxygen.‎ ‎2. It carries hot and cold water to warm him if it is too cold and cool him if it is not too hot.‎ How does he move about in space?‎ He used small engines.‎ What does it feel like in space?‎ Strange because you do not weigh anything. You can fly around like feathers.‎ What happens if you fly too far from the spaceship?‎ You would continue into space and never get back to the spaceship.‎ Was the repair successful?‎ Yes. The Hubble telescope works ‎ well now Answer key for Exercise 4:‎ ‎1. oxygen can (on the back) 4. Left engine (on the left side)‎ ‎2. Water system (the part of the suit covering the body) 5. might engine (on the right side)‎ ‎3. Gravity boots (on the feet) 6 Tool kit (on the waist, at the back)‎ READING TASK Old ideas about “Black holes”‎ Was this what we found?‎ New ideas about “Black holes”‎ ‎1. Black holes cannot be seen.‎ Yes You can only “see” it by watching the movements of the objects caught by its gravity.‎ ‎2. Gravity pulls objects towards them.‎ Yes ‎ ‎3. Objects go round outside the edge of the "black hole"‎ Yes ‎ ‎4. All objects must go into the ‘`black hole" when they are caught by Yes ‎ They can be thrown farfrom the “black hole” by its energy.‎ ‎ its gravity SPEAKING TASK Possible answers to the questions:‎ ‎1. Most unexpected thing: "black holes" threw out material as well as swallowing objects.‎ ‎2. Knowing when we reached it: You only know you are close to a black hole by seeing things going around what appears to be an empty space. The black hole cannot be seen.‎ ‎3. Most frightening experience: when the gravity of the "black hole" was Pulling us slowly into its "mouth", and then the spaceship moved around the hole; I was terrified because I thought we would be swallowed by the "hole".‎ WRITING TASK I would like to visit the planet, Venus. I have always wanted to visit it ever since I first found out which star it was in the night sly I think it would take me a long time to get there. So I would need a spaceship with lots of entrainment. It would be very important for me to exercise so I would need a gym and a swimming pool. Then I would be strong enough when I return to the earth to tell my story.‎ I hope that I will see many exciting things on Venus. My spacesuit will have to be able to withstand heat of over 1000 degrees and not melt I expect Venus will be very cloudy hot and humid I shall need special clothes to wear and air to breathe. I would like to be the first astronaut to walk on Venus and plot its geography.‎