2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientists单元学案（18页word版） 18页

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修五Unit1Great scientists单元学案 单元基础知识过关训练 Ⅰ.多项选择 ‎1．(2014·襄阳调研)The young man ________ regularly to the magazine The Times, which makes him a popular writer among the readers.‎ A．attended　　　　　　　　 B．devoted C．appealed D．contributed ‎2．(2014·湖北荆州质检)Considering your salary, you should be able to ________ at least $200 a week to keep up with your mortgage payments.‎ A．put forward B．put up C．put out D．put aside ‎3．Family violence against women hasn’t caused widespread concern because it is not the Chinese tradition to ______ the family conflicts to outsiders.‎ A．express B．expose C．inquire D．distribute ‎4．(2014·襄阳八中月考)These results are ________ with the findings of the previous study, showing that there is a close link between the polluted water and cholera.‎ A．familiar B．popular C．consistent D．content ‎5．(2014·湖北襄阳高三调研)Seeing a dog suddenly appearing on the road, the driver turned the steering wheel ________ to avoid hitting it.‎ A．randomly B．sharply C．severely D．cautiously ‎6．Reducing the gap between the rich and the poor is one of the main ________ facing the government.‎ A．difficulties B．challenges C．problems D．conflicts ‎7．(2014·湖北鄂西示范校高三质检)In order not to be deserted by the society, no matter who we are, we must ________ the call of the times.‎ A．lead to B．respond to C．relate to D．refer to ‎8．I’m afraid I wouldn’t like to join you in the game, for I have something important to ________.‎ A．react to B．attend to C．attach to D．adapt to ‎9．Just take it easy！Nothing serious.Take the medicine according to the ________， and you’ll get better soon.‎ A．introductions B．explanations C．suggestions D．instructions ‎10．John applied to several companies after he resigned his position as vice president, but he was ________ over and over again.‎ A．rejected B．resisted C．relied D．reacted Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．(2014·襄阳调研)________________________， the boat began to rock from side to side.(moment)‎ 他一动，这艘船就开始两边摇晃。‎ ‎2．____________________________________________ whether you make peace with them or not. For us, they are always a deadly threat.(make)‎ 你们是否与他们讲和毫无意义。对我们而言，他们总是一种致命的威胁。‎ ‎3．(2014·荆州质检)These trees __________________ as tall as more than five metres, but why are they still so short now? (grow)‎ 这些树本来能长5米高的，可为什么它们现在还那么矮？‎ ‎4．We were all disappointed at the news __________________________ in the game.(defeat) ‎ 听到他们队在比赛中被打败的消息，我们大家都感到失望。‎ ‎5．(2014·随州调研)The terrible disease, if ________________________， as you know, will spread quickly, causing many more deaths.(handle)‎ 这种可怕的疾病，如果不及时处理，正如你所知的，将会迅速扩展，导致更多人死亡。‎ ‎6．Mr.Green stood up in defence of the 16yearold boy, saying that he was not the one ____________________ the ‎ accident.(blame)‎ 格林先生站起来为那个十六岁的男孩辩护，说那个男孩不该为此意外负责。‎ ‎7．The film brought the hours back to me ________________________ in that faraway village.(attend)‎ 电影把我带回了我在那个遥远的村庄得到很好照顾的时光。‎ ‎8．So difficult a question ________________________ nobody present at the meeting could come up with a solution to it.(put)‎ 他提出的问题如此之难以至于与会人员没有一个人能提出解决方案。‎ ‎9．Not until the scientist did the investigations for a long time ________________________ the polluted air was the cause of the disease.(conclude)‎ 调查了好长时间，这名科学家才下结论说是受污染的空气导致了这种疾病的产生。‎ ‎10．It was not until three years ago __________________ that he was a spy.(suspect) ‎ 直到三年前我才开始怀疑他是一名间谍。‎ 答 案 Ⅰ.1.选D　考查动词(短语)辨析。句意：这位年轻人定期给《泰晤士报》投稿，这使得他成为受读者欢迎的一位作家。contribute to除了意为“贡献；有利于；导致”之外，还有“向……投稿”的意思，符合语境。‎ ‎2．选D　句意：考虑到你的薪水，你每个星期应该能至少存储200美元来偿还房贷。put构成的四个动词短语的主要含义：put forward ‎“提出”；put up“建造；张贴；投宿”；put out“熄灭；发布”；put aside“保留”。从句意可知选D。‎ ‎3．选B　考查动词词义辨析。句意：针对妇女的家庭暴力还没有引起足够的重视，因为把家庭矛盾暴露给外人不是中国的传统。express“表达”；expose“暴露”；inquire“询问”；distribute“分布”。‎ ‎4．选C　句意：结果与先前的研究发现相一致，表明污水与霍乱有密切的联系。consistent“一致的”，符合句意。‎ ‎5．选B　考查副词辨析。句意：看到一条狗突然出现在路上，司机迅速转动方向盘，以免撞上那条狗。这里用sharply，表示“迅速地；突然地”。randomly“随意地”；severely“严重地”；cautiously“小心地；谨慎地”。‎ ‎6．选B　考查名词词义辨析。句意：缩小贫富之间的差距是这届政府面临的主要挑战之一。challenge“挑战”，符合句意。difficulty“困难”；problem“问题”；conflict“矛盾；冲突”。‎ ‎7．选B　考查动词短语辨析。句意：为了不被社会淘汰，无论我们是谁，都应该响应时代的号召。respond to“响应”，符合句意。lead to“导致”；relate to“涉及”；refer to“指的是”。 ‎ ‎8．选B　句意：我恐怕不能加入你们的活动，因为我还有重要的事情料理。attend to sb./sth.＝give practical consideration to sb./sth.“照顾、关照某人/某事物”。‎ ‎9．选D　句意：别急！没什么严重的。按照说明书服药，不久你就会好的。instructions “用法说明；操作指南”，符合句意。 introduction “介绍；引进”； explanation “解释”； suggestion ‎ ‎“建议”。‎ ‎10．选A　句意：约翰曾经是副总裁，辞职后到几家公司去应聘，但他一次次地遭到拒绝。reject“拒绝”，符合句意。resist“抵抗”；rely“依靠”；react“起反应”。‎ Ⅱ.1.The moment he moved ‎2．It makes no sense/It doesn’t make any sense　‎ ‎3．could have grown ‎4．that their team had been defeated ‎5．not handled in time ‎6．who was to blame for ‎7．when I was well attended ‎8．did he put forward that ‎9．did he conclude that ‎10．that I began to suspect ‎ 单元知识综合能力测试 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2018·河南省鹤壁市高级中学周练)‎ Edmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studied the observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists had made. The orbit(轨道)of one particular comet was a very difficult mathematical problem. He could not figure it out. Neither could other scientists who dealt with such problems. ‎ However, Halley had a friend named Isaac Newton, who was a ‎ brilliant mathematician. Newton thought he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse(椭圆形)．‎ Now Halley set to work. He figured out(解决，计算出)the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearance had been 75 to 76 years apart.‎ This seemed very strange to Halley. Three different comets followed the same orbit. The more Halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.‎ It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain to make a prediction(预言)of what would happen in the future. He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he had died some years before. Ever since then that comet had been called Halley's comet, in his honor.‎ ‎1．Edmund Halley figured out the orbit of ________.‎ A．some different comets appearing several times B．the same comet appearing at different times C．three different comets appearing at the same time ‎ D．several comets appearing at the same time ‎2．Halley made his discovery ________.‎ A．by doing experiments ‎ B．by means of his own careful observation C．by using the working of other scientists D．by chance ‎3．Halley made a surprising, but correct prediction in the year ________.‎ A．1704 B．1705‎ C．1706 D．1707‎ ‎4．This passage in general is about ________.‎ A．Halley and other scientists B．the orbit of a comet C．Newton and Halley ‎ D．Halley and his discovery 答案与解析 文章介绍了哈雷和他的发现哈雷彗星，以及发现验证哈雷彗星的过程。‎ ‎1．B　推理判断题。根据文章的第四段“He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times”及上文提到的看彗星的时间分别是1531年、1607年、1682年可判断正确答案为B。‎ ‎2．C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“He studied the observations of comets which other scientists had made.”可知哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家们的观察中得出来的。故选C。‎ ‎3．B　推理计算题。文中第五段的“He decided that this would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested.”这句话告诉我们：他预言彗星出现的时间是1758年，而这个预言还要经过53年才能验证，由此可以推断出哈雷做出这个预言的时间是1705年。故选B。‎ ‎4．D　主旨大意题。纵观全文可知文章的中心就是哈雷以及他的发现哈雷彗星。故选D。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2017·福建省莆田市第二十五中学月考)‎ I realize that we all live in a world where trust is in short supply.It seems that everywhere I go, I have to__1__ my identity and trustworthiness—whether it's a bank, shop or any office.I have been accustomed to living by the __2__ that no one is trustworthy __3__ proved otherwise.Yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally __4__ rule.‎ I was walking along a busy intersection when I __5__ a young man standing near the pedestrian crossing setting up a stall(货摊). __6__I would ignore and hurry past such sellers.But I noticed this young man was__7__， so I stood for some time without crossing the street to see how he sold his __8__.‎ Soon, a young mother with a little boy came by and the child set his__9__ on one of teddy bears.The mother asked the __10__and it was only one dollar.She pulled out a 10 dollar note and told the young man that she was giving him 10 dollars and wanted the __11__back. I was __12__ to know how he was going to do it.He ‎ told the mom to put the __13__ in the pouch(袋子) hanging around his neck and take out whatever change he__14__ her.‎ I realized that this young man's whole mode of earning __15__ on trusting people not to cheat him.There was no __16__ for him to know if someone took out more out of his pouch of earning.I was so __17__ by how this young man trusted people that I bought a car model from him.I did not need it, __18__.I just hoped to help a little.‎ Now I __19__ believe that the world would be a better place if we could all learn to __20__ others more, like the young blind street seller of toys.‎ ‎1．A.introduce B．present C．prove D．request ‎2．A.rule B．habit C．practice D．law ‎3．A.if B．since C．although D．unless ‎4．A.similar B．different C．special D．common ‎5．A.approached B．noticed C．watched D．looked ‎6．A.Actually B．Normally C．Informally D．Casually ‎7．A.blind B．handsome C．disabled D．strange ‎8．A.clothes B．bears C．toys D．pouches ‎9．A.mind B．interest C．heart D．attraction ‎10．A.price B．stall C．toy D．help ‎11．A.money B．charge C．change D．note ‎12．A.anxious B．surprised C．pleased D．curious ‎13．A.hand B．money C．teddy bear D．necklace ‎14．A.gave B．owed C．owned D．showed ‎15．A.depended B．settled C．decided D．focused ‎16．A.problem B．point C．way D．doubt ‎17．A.attracted B．shocked C．excited D．touched ‎18．A.either B．instead C．moreover D．though ‎19．A.firmly B．tightly C．unwillingly D．negatively ‎20．A.take in B．turn to C．help out D．believe in 答案与解析 本文作者通过自己的经历告知我们，如果我们能够彼此信任，这个世界将会是一个更美好的地方。‎ ‎1．C　根据上文“I realize that we all live in a world where trust is in short supply.”可知，作者觉得社会上缺少信任，似乎无论去哪里，不管是银行、商店还是办公室都必须证明自己的身份。A.introduce“介绍”；B.present“呈现”；C.prove“证明”；D.request“请求”。故选C。‎ ‎2．A　根据下文“Yesterday I saw a young man who lived by a totally ________rule.”可知，作者认为我们都习惯了按照规则生活。A.rule“规则”；B.habit“习惯”；C.practice“惯例”；D.law“法律”。故选A。‎ ‎3．D　根据上文“I have to ________my identity and trustworthiness—whether it's a bank, shop or any office.”可知，除非被证明，没有人是可信赖的。A.if“如果”；B.since“自从……以来”；C.although“尽管”；D.unless“除非”。故选D。‎ ‎4．B　根据下文的讲述可知，这位盲人依据的规则完全不同于作者认为的社会缺乏信任，他完全靠对人的信任让顾客自己找零钱。A.similar“相似的”；B.different“不同的”；C.special“特殊的”；D.common“共同的”。故选B。‎ ‎5．B　根据语境可知，当作者走过一个繁忙的十字路口的时候，注意到一个年轻人在路边摆摊。A.approached“接近”；B.noticed“注意”；C.watched“观看”；D.looked“看”。故选B。‎ ‎6．B　根据下文“But I noticed this young man was ‎ ________， so I stood for some time without crossing the street to see how he sold his ________.”可知，正常情况下，作者会忽视掉这些卖东西的人匆忙走过，但是那天他看到是一个盲人在摆摊，于是他停了下来想看看他怎么卖东西。A.Actually“实际上”；B.Normally“正常地；通常地”；C.Informally“非正式地”；D.Casually“随便地”。故选B。‎ ‎7．A　根据文章最后提到的“like the young blind street seller of toys”可知，这是一个盲人在卖东西。A.blind“盲的；瞎的”；B.handsome“英俊的”；C.disabled“残疾的”；D.strange“奇怪的”。故选A。‎ ‎8．C　根据下文提到的“one of teddy bears”和最后提到的“like the young blind street seller of toys”可知，这个盲人是卖玩具的。A.clothes“衣服”；B.bears“熊”；C.toys“玩具”；D.pouches“育儿袋”。故选C。‎ ‎9．C　根据下文“The mother asked the ________and it was only one dollar.”可知，这个孩子想要这个玩具熊。A.mind“想法”；B.interest“兴趣”；C.heart“内心”；D.attraction“吸引”。set one's heart on something“一心想要某物”。故选C。‎ ‎10．A　根据下文“it was only one dollar”可知，妈妈在询问玩具的价格。A.price“价格”；B.stall“货摊”；C.toy“玩具”；D.help“帮助”。故选A。‎ ‎11．C　根据上下文可知，玩具的价格是一美元，妈妈给了10美元，因此想要找回零钱。A.money“钱”；B.charge“费用”；C.change“零钱”；D.note“钞票”。故选C。‎ ‎12．D　根据上文可知，这个人是一个盲人，因此作者很好奇他怎么收钱找零钱。A.anxious“焦虑的”；B.surprised“惊奇的”；C.pleased“高兴的”；D.curious“好奇的”。故选D。‎ ‎13．B　根据上文可知，这个盲人要找给这位妈妈零钱，因此他告诉这位妈妈把钱放进挂在他脖子上的袋子里，然后拿出欠她的零钱。A.hand“手”；B.money“钱”；C.teddy bear“泰迪熊”；D.necklace“项链”。故选B。‎ ‎14．B　根据上文可知，这个盲人要这位妈妈把钱放进他挂在脖子上的袋子里，然后拿走欠她的零钱。A.gave“给”；B.owed“欠”；C.owned“拥有”；D.showed“展示”。故选B。‎ ‎15．A　根据上文讲述的盲人的买卖方式可知，他的赚钱方式完全依靠相信别人不会欺骗他。A.depended“依赖”；B.settled“解决”；C.decided“决定”；D.focused“聚集”。depend on“依靠”。故选A。‎ ‎16．C　因为这是盲人，所以他没有办法知道是否有人多拿了他袋子里的钱。A.problem“问题”；B.point“要点”；C.way“方法”；D.doubt“怀疑”。故选C。‎ ‎17．D　根据下文“Now I ________believe that the world would be a better place if we could all learn to ________ others more, like the young blind street seller of toys.”可知，作者对这个盲人对别人的完全相信很感动。A.attracted“被吸引的”；B.shocked“震惊的”；C.excited“激动的”；D.touched“感动的”。故选D。‎ ‎18．D　根据下文“I just hoped to help a little.”可知，作者从这位盲人那里买了一辆玩具车，然而作者并不需要。A.either“也”；B.instead“代替”；C.moreover“而且”；D.though“然而”。though置于句末，作状语，表示转折，意思是“然而”。故选D。‎ ‎19．A　根据语境可知，通过这件事情，作者现在坚定地相信如果我们都能像这个盲人一样相信别人更多一点，那么这个世界会成为一个更好的地方。A.firmly“坚定地”； B．tightly“紧紧地”；C.unwillingly“勉强地”；D.negatively“消极地”。故选A。‎ ‎20．D　作者现在坚定地相信如果我们都能像这个盲人一样相信别人更多一点，那么这个世界会成为一个更好的地方。A.take in“欺骗”；B.turn to“求助于”；C.help out“帮助摆脱困难”；D.believe in“相信”。故选D。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎(2017·安阳市三十六中月考)‎ I wanted to do something special for my 15yearold son, who has always been a perfect boy. He worked all summer to earn enough money to buy __1__ (he) a new racingbicycle instead of asking for money from me. Then he spent hours and hours on it. I loved my son so much __2__ I bought him a pair of sunglasses and gloves. When my son rode the racingbicycle with them, he looked very cool. He dreamed __3__ taking part in a race and winning.‎ On November 10th, my birthday, when I went to the kitchen to start the milk and bread in the morning, I found __4__ beautiful guitar on the table, beside which was a card, __5__ (say), “Happy birthday to my wonderful mother.” I was surprised and then began to sob. I remembered once I __6__ (joke) to my family that I wanted to learn playing the guitar to make my life colorful. I had __7__ (forget) it, but my son remembered. He took it __8__ (serious), and bought me one as a birthday gift. When I wondered __9__ my son could buy this expensive gift,‎ ‎ soon I realized that my son had sold his racingbicycle __10__ (get) me the guitar.‎ 答案与解析 通过本文考查了学生对一些英语语法的理解和应用。如固定搭配，名词复数，形容词副词的区别，名词的用法等。‎ ‎1．himself　考查反身代词。buy oneself给自己买，这里的意思是给他自己买自行车。‎ ‎2．that　考查连词。so...that... 如此……以至于……，为固定搭配。‎ ‎3．of　考查固定短语。dream of doing sth. 梦想着做某事，为固定短语。‎ ‎4．a　考查冠词。这里是泛指，表示一个吉他，所以需用不定冠词，beautiful是以辅音因素开头的单词，所以应该用冠词a。‎ ‎5．saying　考查非谓语动词。现在分词做非谓语动词，表示写着……。‎ ‎6．joked　考查一般过去时。由remembered可知，该句需用一般过去时，所以这里joke需用过去式joked。‎ ‎7．forgotten　考查过去完成时。该句为过去完成时，结构为had done，所以这里forget需用过去分词形式forgotten。‎ ‎8．seriously　考查固定短语。take it seriously很认真地对待，为固定短语，这里需用副词。‎ ‎9．how　考查宾语从句。该句为how引导的宾语从句作wonder的宾语。‎ ‎10．to get　考查动词不定式。这里动词不定式表示目的，“为了”。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2017·安徽省合肥市第一中学月考)‎ I'd like to talking about my most memorable experience.It was a trip to Australia I had three years before with my dance group to participate in international dance festival.It was the first time I had travelled by plane in my life.My mum worried a lot，so everything went smoothly.I stayed there for two week and it was the happiest time in my life.Besides our performances there，we have much excitement.We spent on almost every morning sunbathing on the beautiful beach and swam in the blue sea.But warmly Australian nights were which I adored most of all.It was a time of joy，light music and summer parties.‎ 答案 I'd like to about my most memorable experience.It was a trip to Australia I had three years with my dance group to participate in international dance festival.It was the first time I had travelled by plane in my life.My mum worried a lot， everything went smoothly.I stayed there for two and it was the happiest time in my life.Besides our performances there，we much excitement.We spent almost every morning sunbathing on the beautiful beach and in the blue sea.But Australian nights were I adored most of all.It was a time ‎ of joy, light music and summer parties.‎