2020届北师大版高考英语一轮复习：选修6Unit16Stories学案 21页

‎(一)课前自主学习 Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意 ‎1．vivid adj.　　　　　　　　 生动的，逼真的 ‎2．dizzy adj. 头晕目眩的 ‎3．princess n. 　　 [纵联1] 公主，王妃 ‎4．awesome adj. 令人敬畏的 ‎5．authentic adj. 原作的；真正的 ‎6．characteristic adj. 典型的 ‎7．uncertain adj. 不确定的 ‎8．precious adj. 　 [纵联2] 宝贵的，珍贵的 ‎9．precise adj. 准确的，精确的 ‎10．stubborn adj. 倔强的，固执的 ‎11．awkward adj. 笨拙的；令人不舒服的 ‎12．monument n. 纪念碑，纪念堂 Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形 ‎1．tiresome adj. 　[纵联3] 讨厌的，令人厌倦的 ‎2．specific adj. 详细的；特定的 ‎3．tremble vi. 颤抖，发抖 ‎4．loss n. 遗失，丢失 ‎5．complex adj. 复杂的 ‎6．tense adj. 紧张的 ‎7．breakthrough n. [纵联4] 突破，重大发现 ‎8．abandon vt. 放弃，遗弃 ‎ ‎9．preserve vt. 保护，保存 ‎ ‎10．witness v. 目击 ‎ ‎11．occur vi. 发生 ‎ ‎12．gather v. 聚集 ‎ ‎13．sympathy vi. & vt. 同情 ‎ ‎14．burst vi. 爆炸；冲，闯 ‎ ‎15．eager adj. 渴望的，热衷的 ‎16．warmth n. 温暖 ‎17．severe_adj. 严重的；严厉的 ‎18._apparent adj. 明显的，显而易见的 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变 ‎1．musical adj.音乐的 n．音乐剧，音乐片→music n．音乐→musician n．音乐家 ‎2．abnormal adj.反常的，不正常的→normal adj.正常的；通常的 ‎3．admirable adj.令人钦佩的→admire vt.尊敬；钦佩→admiration n．尊敬；钦佩 ‎4．significance n．重要性；意义→significant adj.重大的；有重要意义的 ‎5．origin n．起源，开端；出身→original adj.最初的；起先的 ‎6．restriction n．限制，约束→restrict vt.限制，约束 ‎7．particularly adv.特别地；特定地→particular adj.特别的；挑剔的 ‎8．unbearable adj.不能忍受的→bearable adj.可忍受的→bear v．忍耐 ‎9. discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心→discouraged adj.气馁的，泄气的→courage n．勇气→encourage vt.鼓励 ‎10．suffering n．痛苦，困难→suffer v．遭受 ‎11．imitation n．模仿→imitate_ v．模仿，仿效 ‎12．gradual adj.逐渐的→gradually adv.逐渐地 纵联1.后缀“ess”高频名词 ‎①actress女演员 ②waitress女服务员 ‎③governess女家庭教师 ④tailoress女裁缝 ‎⑤conductress女售票员 ⑥hostess女主人 ‎⑦princess公主，王妃 纵联2.“价值”形容词知多少 ‎①precious宝贵的 ②valuable有价值的 ‎③worth有……价值的 ④worthy有价值的 ‎⑤priceless无价的 ⑥worthless/valueless无价值的 纵联3.后缀“some”形容词集锦 ‎①troublesome引起麻烦的 ②handsome英俊的 ‎③awesome令人敬畏的 ④boresome烦人的 ‎⑤fearsome可怕的 ⑥tiresome讨厌的 纵联4.趣味“合成词”荟萃 ‎①breakthrough n．突破 ②pickpocket n．扒手 ‎③daybreak n．破晓 ④sunrise n．日出 ‎⑤bathroom n．浴室 ⑥webpage n．网页 单元话题——历史故事 子话题1　历史名人 ‎①Tsu ChungChi祖冲之 ②Marx马克思 ‎ ‎③Newton牛顿 ④Mark Twain马克·吐温 ‎ ‎⑤Shakespeare莎士比亚 ⑥Clinton克林顿 ‎⑦Zidane齐达内 ⑧Ronaldo罗纳尔多 子话题2　历史事件 ‎①Assassination at Sarajevo 拉热窝事件 ‎②Meiji Restoration 治维新 ‎③French Revolution 国大革命 ‎④Enclosure Movement 地运动 ‎⑤Industrial Revolution 业革命 ‎⑥Battle of Waterloo 铁卢战役 ‎⑦Iron and Blood 血政策 ‎⑧The Age of Steam 汽时代 子话题3　组织名称 ‎①National assembly 民议会 ‎②the Anglican Church 国国教 ‎③Commune of Paris 黎公社 ‎④First International 一国际 ‎⑤International Workingmen's Association国际工人协会 ‎⑥Communist League 产主义者同盟 ‎ [学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)Some of the world's most famous musicians❶ recently gathered❷ in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its 　❸　 (significant), and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的同根形容词：musical，加黑词所在句子应翻译为世界上一些最著名的音乐家最近聚集在巴黎和新奥尔良来庆祝第一届国际爵士乐节。‎ ‎②写出加黑词在此处的汉语意思：聚集 ‎③用所给词的适当形式填空：significance ‎2．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ阅读B)When we touched down to blue skies and warm❶ air, I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness. Swimming pools, wine tasting, and pink sunsets (at normal❷ evening hours, not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend, but the best part — 　❸　 (particular) to my taste, dulled by months of coldweather root vegetables — was a 7 a．m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers' market that proved to be more than worth the early wakeup call.‎ ‎①写出加黑词在本单元的同根名词：warmth ‎②写出加黑词在本单元的反义词：abnormal ‎③用所给词的适当形式填空：particularly，空处所在句中词汇filled可用短语were_filled_with进行升级 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用 ‎(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·浙江高考书面表达)我热衷于和他人用英语交流，特别是当我向学生介绍中国的时候。(eager, particularly)‎ I'm_eager_to_communicate_with_others_in_English,_particularly_when_I_introduce_China_to_students.‎ ‎2．(2018·江苏高考书面表达)每个判断来自特定的需要或独特的心理状态。很显然，盲目跟从他人的建议会影响我们自己的判断。(specific, apparent)‎ Every_judgment_comes_from_a_specific_need_or_a_unique_psychological_state._It_is_apparent_that_blindly_following_others'_advice_will_affect_our_own_judgment.‎ ‎3．(2013·辽宁高考书面表达)我们最喜欢的是一起赏月。明月高悬，我们聚在 一起，吃着月饼和水果，各自说着我们的故事。(gather) ‎ What_we_love_most_is_the_time_when_we_admire_the_full_moon_together.With_the_bright_moon_up_in_the_sky,_we_gather_together_and_eat_moon_cakes_and_fruit,_sharing_our_stories.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎1．abandon vt.放弃，遗弃；沉湎于(某种情感)n.[U]放任，放纵 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)abandon oneself to　 溺于……，纵情于……‎ abandon doing sth. 弃做某事 ‎(2)with abandon 情地，放任地 ‎(3)abandoned adj. 遗弃的，废弃的；无约束的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Many young people decided to abandon buying (buy) houses in big cities because of the high price.‎ ‎②They saw the abandoned (abandon) vehicle and knew he had managed to flee on foot.‎ 完成句子 ‎③Those who abandon_themselves_to despair can not succeed.‎ 那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2018·天津高考书面表达)我知道你对设计机器人很投入，并且你曾获得机器人大赛一等奖。因此，你是最合适的人。‎ I_know_you_abandon_yourself_to_designing_robots_and_have_won_first_prize_in_the_Robotics_Competition._Therefore,_you_are_the_most_suitable_person.‎ ‎2．occur (occurred, occurred) vi.发生；出现；被想起 ‎[记牢]‎ sth. occurs/occurred to sb.　　　　 事被某人想起 It occurs/occurred to sb. that ... 人想起……‎ It occurs/occurred to sb. to do sth. 人想起做某事 ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎①Suddenly a_good_idea_occurred_to_her,_but she didn't know how to speak it out.‎ 她突然想到了一个好主意，但是她不知道如何说出来。‎ ‎②I suppose_it_didn't_occur_to_you_to_phone the police.‎ 我想你根本就没想到打电话报警吧。‎ ‎③It_had_never_occurred_to_him_that he might be falling in love with Mary.‎ 他从来没想到他会和玛丽谈恋爱。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2016·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我本来打算去的，但我突然想起我还有一些作业要做。‎ I_had_meant_to_go,_but_it_occurred_to_me_that_I_had_some_homework_to_do.‎ ‎[联想]　表示“某人突然想到……”还可用“It hit(s)/strikes (struck) sb.＋从句”结构，it在句中作形式主语。‎ ‎3．burst vi.爆炸；冲，闯；突然发生n.爆发，突发 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中burst的含义 ‎①That balloon will burst if you blow it up any more. 爆炸 ‎②The police burst in and arrested the thief. 冲，闯 ‎③The door burst open and Tom ran into the room. 突然发生 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)burst into/in　　　　 突然闯进；破门而入 burst out 突然迸发；爆发 burst into tears/laughter＝burst out crying/laughing ‎ ‎ 突然大哭/大笑 burst with anger/joy/grief ‎ 勃然大怒/乐不可支/悲痛欲绝 ‎(2)a burst of 一阵 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎④To our relief, the disease didn't burst out as expected.‎ ‎⑤His partner meanwhile, burst into the room, gun in hand.‎ ‎⑥His appearance on the platform was greeted with a burst of applause.‎ ‎⑦When she heard the news that her son won the game, she burst with joy.‎ 句型转换 ‎⑧Hearing this, the whole class burst out laughing, and my deskmate's face turned red. ‎ ‎→Hearing this, the whole class burst into laughter,_and my deskmate's face turned red.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑨(2014·安徽高考书面表达)首先，无需生气；其次，和你信任的朋友谈谈你的感受，这是发泄愤怒又不伤害他人或自己的好方式。‎ First,_it_is_not_necessary_to_burst_with_anger._Second,_talk_to_someone_you_trust_about_how_you_feel,_which_is_a_good_way_of_letting_your_anger_out_without_hurting_others_or_yourself.‎ ‎4．discourage vt.使泄气，使灰心；阻止，劝阻 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)discourage sb. from doing sth.　 阻止某人做某事 ‎(2)discouragement n. 阻止；泄气；挫折 ‎(3)discouraged adj. 泄气的；气馁的 be/get discouraged 变得灰心，泄气 discouraging adj. 令人泄气的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①He persevered despite discouragement (discourage) from those around him.‎ ‎②Do not let any failures discourage (courage) you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.‎ ‎③The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged (discourage) and soon got as enthusiastic as ever. ‎ 单句改错 ‎④It was discouraged that he recognized the dangers the company was facing. discouraged→discouraging ‎⑤All her strength drained out when she was discouraging in what she was doing. discouraging→discouraged 完成句子 ‎⑥My father is a lawyer, and he discourages_me_from_entering_the_field.‎ 我父亲是一位律师，他不让我从事这个行业。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑦(2015·福建高考书面表达)这个故事的寓意是：不遗余力地获取知识，不管情况多么困难都不要轻易气馁。‎ The_moral_of_the_story_is:_spare_no_effort_to_acquire_knowledge_and_never_get_discouraged_easily_no_matter_how_difficult_the_situation_may_be.‎ ‎5．witness vt.目击；见证vi.为……作证n.目击者；证人 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1) witness for　　　　　　 为……作证 witness to (doing) sth. 证明/作证(做)某事 ‎(2)be a witness to 目击，看见；为……提供证据 give/bear witness to 为……作证，证明 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①His good health is a witness to the success of the treatment.‎ ‎②The driver witnessed to having_seen (see) the man enter the building.‎ 完成句子 ‎③Police have appealed to anyone who_witnessed_the_incident_to_contact_them.‎ 警方呼吁凡是目击这一事件的人与他们联系。‎ ‎④Her latest book bears_witness_to her talent as a writer.‎ 她最近出版的书证明她是位很有才华的作家。‎ ‎[用准]　witness作动词时，常用拟人化的方式陈述事实，即用事物名词直接作主语，表述既简洁又形象。有类似用法的动词还有see, find等。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2014·天津高考书面表达)我们的城市四季分明、阳光充足、雨量充沛，但在冬天，你可能会觉得有点冷。‎ Our_city_witnesses_four_different_seasons,_plenty_of_sunshine_and_good_rainfall,_but_in_winter_you_may_feel_a_little_cold.‎ ‎6．significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义 ‎[记牢]‎ ‎(1)be of (great/no/little) significance to ...‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　 对……(很/不)重要 attach (great) significance to 认为……(很)重要 ‎(2)significant adj. 重要的；明显的 ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①(2014·江西高考)Last but not least, health is also very significant (significance) for us students.‎ ‎②At present, for the young, economic conditions are of great significance (significant) in many ways.‎ ‎③Putting ourselves in their shoes is of great significant when we have conflicts with friends.significant→significance 句型转换/完成句子 ‎④As we all know, water is very significant to human being.‎ ‎→As we all know, water is of great significance to human being.‎ ‎⑤To be honest, a lot of people attach_great_significance_to becoming famous and rich.‎ 坦白的说，许多人把名和利看得很重。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑥(2015·江苏高考书面表达)重要的是人们要遵守交通规则，这是每个人的责任。‎ It_is_significant_for_people_to_obey_the_traffic_rules,_which_is_everybody's_duty.‎ ‎[联想]　常见“be＋of＋抽象名词”的短语：‎ ‎①be of significance＝be significant ‎②be of importance＝be important ‎③be of value＝be valuable ‎④be of help＝be helpful ‎⑤be of use＝be useful ‎7．preserve vt.保护，保存；维护 n．动植物保护区 ‎[记牢]　 ‎ ‎(1)preserve sb./sth. from sth.　 保护……免受……‎ preserve sth.＋adj. 把某物保存得……‎ ‎(2)preservation n. 保护，保存 ‎[练通]　单句语法填空 ‎①The house buried underground for over 1,000 years is part of local history and should be preserved (preserve)．‎ ‎②The paintings were in an excellent state of preservation (preserve), which are of great value to our study.‎ ‎③They were determined to preserve their students from harm.‎ ‎[用准]　preserve与reserve词形相似，但reserve 意为“保留；预订”。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2010·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)十名学生将以“人与自然”为题发言，目的是尽力做一切事情来维护人与自然的和谐。‎ Ten_students_will_deliver_their_speeches_on_the_given_topic“Man_and_Nature”_so_that_we_will_do_everything_to_preserve_harmony_with_man_and_nature.‎ ‎[词汇过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．The witness (目击者) was telling about the whole accident.‎ ‎2．Frightened by the sudden thunder and lightning, the dog sat trembling (颤抖) in a corner.‎ ‎3．It's the duty of the police to preserve (维护) the public order.‎ ‎4．The little girl is extremely eager (渴望的) to know the result of the exam.‎ ‎5．It occurred (想起) to him that he should go to see a dentist.‎ ‎6．On hearing their teacher calling them, they all gathered (聚集) around him quickly.‎ ‎7．The scheme's investors, fearful of bankruptcy, decided to abandon (放弃) the project.‎ ‎8．The book assesses the significance (意义) of Stalin's policies between 1927 and 1939.‎ ‎9．I had no_sympathy (同情) for students who got caught cheating in exams.‎ ‎10．A water pipe burst (爆裂) and the entire apartment was flooded.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be discouraged (discourage)．‎ ‎2．She shut the door heavily and burst out crying (cry)．‎ ‎3．It suddenly occurred to him that they should take some measures to preserve the old tree standing alongside the street.‎ ‎4．The following months was a witness to my efforts, and I finally made great progress in another important exam.‎ ‎5．Social activities usually preserve old people from the loneliness of old age.‎ ‎6．When he turned around the street corner, the pet dog abandoned (abandon) by its owner came into view.‎ ‎7．Few people realized the significance (significant) of the discovery.‎ ‎8．After moving to the new town, I gradually (gradual) accustomed myself to the surroundings.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．The reference book I bought yesterday is of great significant to your history.significant→significance ‎2．They abandoned carry out the plan because of the lack of money.carry→carrying ‎3．Always keep in mind that don't get discouraging easily because of any failure.discouraging→discouraged ‎4．They burst into laughing seeing him fall down the stairs.into→out或laughing→laughter ‎ ‎5．It suddenly occurred him that he had left his keys in the office.occurred后加_to Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．His parents are trying to discourage_him_from_being_an_actor.‎ 他的父母竭力阻止他当演员。‎ ‎2．Hearing the song Where is all the time, she abandoned_herself_to_sadness.‎ 听着歌曲《时间都去哪儿了》，她沉浸于悲伤之中。‎ ‎3．The factory set up the year before is_of_great_significance to this area's economy.‎ 前年建立的这个工厂对这一地区的经济非常重要。‎ ‎4．The ancient Egyptians knew ways to_preserve_dead_bodies_from decay.‎ 古埃及人懂得保护尸体免受腐烂的方法。‎ ‎5．The Sichuan earthquake_gave_witness_to_the_kindness_of_strangers in an emergency.‎ 四川地震见证了危难中的那些素不相识者的善举。‎ ‎(一)课前自主学习 ‎1._come_into_view　　　　　 　 出现 ‎2._knock_sb._over 撞倒某人 ‎3．once_upon_a_time 从前 ‎4._block_out 堵住 ‎5．in_a_way　　　 [串记1] 从某种程度上说 ‎6．on_one's_side_ 侧身，在某人一边 ‎7．split_up 使解散；决裂 ‎8．name_...after_ 以……命名 ‎9．come_across 偶然遇见；被理解 ‎10．hold_up 支撑起；延误，推迟 ‎11．count_on_ 　　[串记2] 依靠；指望；确信 ‎12._figure_out_ 理解 ‎13．end_up 以……结束 ‎14．put_up_with 容忍，忍受 ‎15．in_particular　[串记3] 特别，尤其 ‎16．refer_to 查阅；提到；涉及；提交 ‎17．on_the_way_to 在去……的路上 ‎18．now_that 既然，由于 ‎[同根短语串记]‎ 串记1.“way”短语全接触 ‎①in a way在某种程度上 ②in the way挡道；碍事 ‎③all the way一路上；自始至终 ④on the way在途中 ‎⑤by the way顺便说一下 ⑥No way！[俚]没门！‎ ‎⑦in no way一点也不；决不 ⑧by way of路经；经过 ‎⑨across the way在……对面 ⑩in this way用这种方法 串记2.“指望，依靠”短语万花筒 ‎①count on ②depend on ‎③rely on ④figure on ‎⑤lean on ⑥calculate on 串记3.“in＋n.”短语联想 ‎①in particular尤其，特别 ②in turn依次，反过来 ‎③in common共同，共用 ④in detail详细地 ‎⑤in general普遍地，一般地 ⑥in use在使用中 ‎1．preserve a frozen moment 保存了一个被封存了的瞬间 ‎2．leave a deep impression on Pliny 给普林尼留下了深刻印象 ‎3．a_superb teacher 一位出色的老师 ‎4．a burst of_understanding 突然明白 ‎5．in_a flash 一会儿，马上 ‎6．admire the ancient architecture 欣赏古老建筑 ‎7．in their last hours of life 在他们生命的最后时刻 ‎8．give Helen a big hug 紧紧拥抱了海伦一下 ‎9．point to my heart 指着我的心 ‎1．Now_that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.‎ 既然海伦理解了语言之谜，她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。‎ ‎2．Her words puzzled me very much because I did not then understand anything unless_I_touched_it.‎ 她的话使我感到非常困惑，因为那时我若不用手去摸，我就什么都不理解。‎ ‎3．It_was_the_first_time Helen had_understood such a complex word — a word for something she couldn't touch.‎ 这是海伦第一次理解这么复杂的单词——一个代表她触碰不到的东西的单词。‎ ‎4．And so the day went on, until finally I climbed, tired_and_ashamed,_into bed.‎ 于是那天就这样继续下去，直到最后我爬上床，既疲惫又羞愧。‎ ‎[学考对接·活学活用]‎ 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词块与句式 ‎1．(2015·陕西高考阅读C)The shade of the forest trees provides a home for birds and other species (物种) that depend on the trees' flowers and fruits. (用本单元短语替换加黑词汇)count_on ‎2．(2015·湖北高考阅读E)David Brooks, author of The Social Animal: The Hidden Sources of Love, Character, and Achievement, appears to be the latest in a long line of writers who have failed to resist the temptation.(用本单元短语升级加黑词汇)comes_into_view 高考采撷(二)　写作中的词式与句式 ‎(根据汉语及提示翻译句子)‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)从某种程度上说，很值得提及的是我们的棒球队在全国中学生棒球锦标赛中两次获奖。(in a way)‎ In_a_way,_it_is_worth_mentioning_that_our_volleyball_team_won_the_championship_twice_in_national_middle_school_volleyball_matches.‎ ‎2．(2013·湖南高考书面表达)一方面，我们认为友谊第一，比赛第二。另一方面，既然我们尽力了，我们就没有什么遗憾。(now that)‎ On_the_one_hand,_we_think_that_friendship_comes_first,_and_a_match_comes_second._On_the_other_hand,_now_that_we_all_tried_our_best,_we_had_no_regret.‎ ‎ (二)课堂重点释疑 ‎ [短语集释]‎ ‎1．come across 偶然遇见；被理解 ‎[记牢]‎ come out　　　　　　　 出现；出版；(花)开放；结果是 come about 发生 come up 发生，出现，走近；被提出 come up with 提出；想出 come to 总计；达到(某状况)；苏醒 when it comes to (doing) sth.　 当谈及(做)某事 ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎①(2014·湖北高考)Is this your necklace, Mary? I came_across it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.‎ 玛丽，这是你的项链吗？今天早上我打扫浴室时偶然发现的。‎ ‎②I can use the computer. When_it_comes_to_repairing_it,_I know nothing.‎ 我会使用电脑，但谈到修电脑，我一无所知。‎ ‎③Tom is the only one of the engineers who has come_up_with the solution.‎ 汤姆就是唯一提出解决方案的工程师。‎ ‎④How did it come_about that he knew where we were?‎ 他是怎么知道我们在什么地方的呢？‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑤(2013·浙江高考书面表达)当我遇见我有不同意见这种情况时，我或许选择放弃自己的意见而尊重大多数人的意见。‎ When_I_come_across_the_case_where_I_have_a_different_opinion,_I_may_choose_to_give_it_up_and_respect_the_opinion_of_the_majority.‎ ‎2．put up with 容忍，忍受 ‎[记牢]‎ put away　　　　　　　 放好；收起来 ‎ put aside 储蓄；储存；留出；不考虑 put up 举起；张贴；建造 put forward 推荐；提出；拨快(钟表等)‎ put back 放回；拖延；拨慢(钟表等)‎ put on 穿上；上演；增加体重 put off 推迟，延期 put down 写下；记下 ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎①It's likely that the conference will_be_put_off because of the weather.‎ 这次会议有可能会因天气而被推迟。‎ ‎②These were the arguments which Carson put_forward.‎ 这些就是卡森提出的论点。‎ ‎③She_put_aside a small sum every week to pay for her annual holiday.‎ 她每周都存一小笔钱，留着每年度假时用。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎④(2015·广东高考书面表达)当谈到我的班级时，我不得不说我不能忍受一些同学的自私。‎ When_it_comes_to_my_class,_I_have_to_say_that_I_can't_put_up_with_some_classmates'_selfishness.‎ ‎[联想]　表示“容忍，忍受”之意的除了put up with以外，还有stand, bear, tolerate, live with等。‎ ‎3．hold up 支撑起；延误，延迟，耽搁；举起，抬起 ‎[辨清]　写出下列句中hold up的含义 ‎①It is too low.Hold it up so that we can see it. 举起 ‎②Have your passport ready so you don't hold everyone up. 耽搁，延误 ‎③Women are playing a more and more important part in society — they hold up half the sky.支撑起 ‎[记牢]‎ hold back　　　　　　 阻挡，抑制，控制 hold on 别挂断；坚持住，挺住 hold on to 抓住不放；坚持；保留 hold off 拖延，不接近 hold out (在困境中)坚持；伸出；维持 ‎[练通]　完成句子 ‎④No one can hold_back the wheel of history.‎ 谁也无法阻止历史前进的车轮。‎ ‎⑤Can you hold_on? I'll see if he is here.‎ 你能等一下吗？我去看一看他在不在这儿。‎ ‎⑥I'd thought I could hold_out till my dentist came back from holiday, but the pain was really unbearable.‎ 我原想我能坚持到我的牙医度假回来，但疼痛的确让我难以忍受。‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑦(2015·北京高考书面表达)我打算参加艰苦的龙舟训练营。如果你能坚持，我希望你也去。‎ I_intend_to_join_a_Dragon_Boat_Training_Camp,_which_is_tough.If_you_hold_on,_I'd_like_you_to_go_with_me.‎ ‎4．count on依靠，指望；期望，料想 ‎[记牢]‎ count on sth./sb.　　　　　　 指望/依靠某事/某人 count on doing sth. 指望做某事 count on sb.to do/doing sth. 指望/依靠某人做某事 count ... in/out 把……算入/不算入 count down 倒计时，倒数 count sb./sth. as/to be ... 认为某人/某物是……‎ ‎[练通]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①We are counting down the days to the end of this summer holiday.‎ ‎②Our parents are always the people that we can really count on.‎ ‎③Few people can count on having (have) a job for life.‎ 完成句子 ‎④She counts_herself_as/to_be one of the lucky ones.‎ 她认为自己是一个幸运者。‎ ‎⑤If you are going out tonight, you'll have to count_me_out.‎ 假如你们今晚要出去，别把我算在内。‎ 一句多译 我们只能依靠他来营救我们。‎ ‎⑥We can only count on him to_rescue_us/rescuing_us.‎ ‎⑦We can only count_on_it_that he will rescue us.‎ ‎[写美]‎ ‎⑧(2015·陕西高考书面表达)我真的想指望这次珍贵的机会，因为通过提供服务，我将会提高我的组织能力、交流技能以及在公共场合下我的自信。‎ I_really_want_to_count_on_this_precious_opportunity,_because_by_offering_my_service,_I_will_be_able_to_improve_my_organisational_ability,_communication_skills_as_well_as_my_confidence_in_public.‎ ‎[联想]　表示“指望，依靠”的短语还有depend on, rely on, figure on以及reckon on，它们后跟宾语从句时一般要用it作形式宾语，然后再接that从句。‎ ‎[句式集释]‎ ‎1．形容词(短语)作状语 ‎[教材原句]　And so the day went on, until finally I climbed, tired_and_ashamed,_into bed. ‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)After a hard day at work, Mr. Black came back home, tired_and_hungry.‎ 一天辛苦工作后，布莱克先生回到家，又累又饿。‎ ‎(2)Eager_to_see_the_sunrise,_they got up at four.‎ 急于去看日出，他们4点就起床了。‎ ‎(3)One woman was lying in bed, awake,_listening to the rushing windows.‎ 一位女士躺在床上，没有睡着，听着那急促的风声。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 tired and ashamed为形容词(短语)作状语，它往往用于补充说明主语所处的状态，主要表示原因、方式或伴随等。可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他成分隔开。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)These ratings, easy to access, are playing an increasingly important role in customers' purchase decision.(开头句)‎ ‎(2)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)Confused, I simply based my decision on the ratings.(要点句)‎ ‎(3)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)Delighted to know you are interested in Tang poems, I'm writing to tell you the plan for the next class.(要点句)‎ ‎2．now that引导原因状语从句 ‎[教材原句]　Now_that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could.‎ ‎[悟拓展例句]‎ ‎(1)(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)But now_that information is being spread and monitored (监控) in different ways, researchers are discovering new rules.‎ 但是由于信息以不同方式传播和监控，所以研究者正在发现新规则。‎ ‎(2)They have made remarkable progress, considering (consider) that they only started last week.‎ 考虑到他们是上周才开始的，他们已经取得了相当大的进步。‎ ‎(3)(2017·天津高考)This type of wait is unusual in_that it is for the most part voluntary.‎ 这种等待是不寻常的因为它大多是自愿的。‎ ‎[析用法规则]‎ 用法归纳 ‎(1)now that“既然，由于”，引导原因状语从句，相当于since，that可以省略。‎ ‎(2)引导原因状语从句的常用词还有：because, as, since, in that, seeing that, considering (that)等。‎ ‎[背写作佳句]‎ ‎(1)(2016·江苏高考满分作文)Now that online voting becomes increasingly popular, many competitions get people involved in it.(要点句)‎ ‎(2)(2018·江苏高考满分作文)Considering that ratings can save time to make decisions in shopping, it is both convenient and economical to buy books.(要点句)‎ ‎(3)Seeing that he was working hard, he achieved great success. (要点句)‎ ‎[词块、句式过关综合训练]　‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 put up with， block out， come across， in a way， split up， count on， come into view， hold up ‎1．The other day, the train was held_up by heavy fog.‎ ‎2．I came_across an interesting article in the newspaper this morning.‎ ‎3．You will have to put_up_with Grace's absentmindedness.‎ ‎4．The monitor split_up a large class into ten groups.‎ ‎5．When the old man opened the window, a stranger with a high hat came_into_view.‎ ‎6．The heavy snowfall blocked_out the roads yesterday.‎ ‎7．In_a_way,_it's one of our biggest mistakes.‎ ‎8．You are my best friend. I know I can count_on you for good advice from time to time.‎ Ⅱ.完成句子 ‎1．We can search online for solutions to some problems that we come_across_in_our_study.‎ 我们可以在网上搜索我们在学习中遇到的一些问题的解决方法。‎ ‎2．I can't put_up_with_her_another_day — she never stops complaining.‎ 她整天抱怨， 我一天也不能忍受了。‎ ‎3．Injured_in_the_leg,_he didn't take part in the football match.‎ 由于腿部受伤，他没有参加那场足球比赛。‎ ‎4．Now_that_you_know_why_you_want_to_wake_up,_consider rearranging your morning activities.‎ 既然你知道你为什么想要醒来，那么考虑重新安排你的早上活动。‎ Ⅲ.分步写作 你今年暑假到一家肯德基(KFC)快餐店做保洁员(cleaner)工作。你每天工作10小时，为期3周。这项工作辛苦且枯燥，你感到非常疲劳，几乎中途放弃。每天你都要起早贪黑地工作。在新学期开始之前，你终于完成了这项工作，并由此认识到了劳动的意义。你认为这是一次成功的体验。‎ 注意：1.必须使用第一人称；‎ ‎2．词数100左右。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ 　‎ ‎ ‎ 第一步：准确审题，理行文脉络，拟写作要点 本写作为一篇记叙文，时态为一般过去时，人称为第一人称。要点可以从下面三部分着手：一是想做有意义的事；二是快餐店做保洁员的工作情况；三是认识到了劳动的意义。要点表达要力求准确全面，避免跑题。‎ 要点1：今年暑假期间我想做一些有意义的事情。‎ During_the_summer_holidays_this_year,_I_wanted_to_do_something_meaningful.‎ 要点2：我最终在肯德基快餐店得到了一份保洁员的工作。我每天工作10小时，为期3周。‎ I_got_a_job_as_a_cleaner_at_a_KFC_fast_food_restaurant_as_last._I_worked_ten_hours_a_day_for_three_weeks.‎ 要点3：我明白了劳动的意义。‎ I_figure_out_the_meaning_of_labour.‎ 第二步：添加细节，文意更丰满，表达更亮眼 为了使内容更充实，我们需要对要点进行升级改造，使之更加完美、地道。如要点1可补充内容“我突然想起在肯德基快餐店应该可以找到工作”，可使用It occurs to sb. that句型，there be句型以及be eager to do sth.高级表达；要点2可添加具体工作过程及感受，可使用It was the first time that ...句型，which引导的非限制性定语从句，强调句型，before引导的时间状语从句以及end up doing高级表达；要点3可补充内容“尽管劳动在某种程度上让人很累”及“我认为工作越努力，结果就会越好”，可使用让步状语从句的省略和the＋比较级...the＋比较级...句型。‎ 拓展1－①：今年暑假期间，我渴望做一些有意义的事情。(be eager to do)‎ During_the_summer_holidays_this_year,_I_was_eager_to_do_something_meaningful.‎ 拓展1－②：我突然想起在肯德基快餐店应该可以找到工作。(It occurred to sb. that ..., there be句型)‎ It_occurred_to_me_that_there_should_be_some_jobs_available_at_a_KFC_fast_food_restaurant.‎ 拓展2－①：这是我第一次在那儿工作。(It was the first time that ...)‎ It_was_the_first_time_that_I_had_worked_there.‎ 拓展2－②：这项工作辛苦且枯燥。我感到非常疲劳，无法忍受，几乎中途放弃。(which引导的非限制性定语从句)‎ The_job_was_hard_and_boring,_which_made_me_too_tired_to_put_up_with_it_and_I_almost_abandoned_the_chance_halfway.‎ 拓展2－③：是我的意志使我坚持了下去。我每天早晨早早地开始工作，晚上很晚才到家。(强调句型)‎ It_was_my_determination_that_made_me_stick_to_it._Every_day_I_started_for_work_early_in_the_morning_and_got_home_late_in_the_evening.‎ 拓展2－④：在新学期开始之前，我终于完成了这项工作。(before引导的时间状语从句，end up doing)‎ I_ended_up_finishing_the_job_before_the_new_term_began. ‎ 拓展3－①：我明白了尽管劳动在某种程度上让人很累，但是很有意义。(让步状语从句的省略)‎ I_figure_out_that_although_tiring_in_a_way,_the_labour_is_meaningful.‎ 拓展3－②：我认为工作越努力，结果就会越好。(the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..)‎ I_think_the_harder_you_work,_the_better_result_you_will_get.‎ 第三步：连句成文，排语句顺序，重衔接过渡 本写作用and， after all， but等连接词作好文章的衔接过渡，从而使文章前后连贯、表达完整。‎ During_the_summer_holidays_this_year,_I_was_eager_to_do_something_meaningful._And_it_occurred_to_me_that_there_should_be_some_jobs_available_at_a_KFC_fast_food_restaurant.‎ I_got_a_job_as_a_cleaner_at_a_KFC_fast_food_restaurant_at_last._I_worked_ten_hours_a_day_for_three_weeks._It_was_the_first_time_that_I_had_worked_there._The_job_was_hard_and_boring,_which_made_me_too_tired_to_put_up_with_it_and_I_almost_abandoned_the_chance_halfway._After_all,_it_was_my_determination_that_made_me_stick_to_it._Every_day_I_started_for_work_early_in_the_morning_and_got_home_late_in_the_evening.‎ And_I_ended_up_finishing_the_job_before_the_new_term_began._But_now,_I_figure_out_that_although_tiring_in_a_way,_the_labour_is_meaningful._I_think_the_harder_you_work,_the_better_result_you_will_get.‎ 理清段落结构之(二)　总结 具有总结性段落的标志词(句)有：‎ ‎1．一般情况下出现the research/report indicates, the research/report suggests等类似的结论建议性表达方式时，表明此处为文中提及的实验和研究的结果或作者要阐明论证的结果。‎ ‎2．转折词：一般而言，作者常常借用转折连词来引出文章或段落的主旨大意，如but, yet, however。需要注意的是转折连词后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，而这又常常是文章主旨的关键所在。‎ ‎3．其他常见标志性词(句)：on the whole, as a result, in short, therefore, thus, I agree with the opinion that ...; Given all these points above, I would support the idea that ...; For all the reasons mentioned above, I would prefer ...‎ ‎[高考典例1]　2018·全国卷Ⅰ·D篇 So what's the solution (解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more ondemand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.‎ ‎[高考典例2]　2018·江苏卷·D篇 However, the research — involving eight groups of 32 children aged 8 to 12 — suggested that as they headed toward their teens, they became increasingly anxious online.‎ ‎[高考典例3]　2017·北京卷·阅读七选五 Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. “You keep what matters，” Tononi says. ‎[高考典例4]　2015·广东卷·完形填空 On the whole, our population is getting older.The changes in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life.Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see chances, not disaster.Today, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in mind if not in age.‎ ‎[高考典例5]　2013·浙江卷·D篇 As the year progressed, we spent many hours discussing literature and ideas about human beings and their motivations. He helped me identify my weaknesses and my strengths. In short, he made a teacher of me by teaching me the reality of Emerson's words: “The secret to education lies in respecting the pupil.”