2020届高考英语二轮培优新专题限时检测（一）名词和代词 8页

专题限时检测（一） 名词和代词 ‎ (共3组，限时25分钟)‎ ‎[模拟题组一]‎ ‎1．(2019·镇江模拟)Historic sites impress writers with their amazing beauty, which are a great source of ________.‎ ‎ A．inspiration　　　　　　　 B．composition ‎ C．occupation D．combination ‎ 解析：选A　句意：历史遗迹以其惊人的美给作家们留下了深刻的印象，这是灵感的源泉。inspiration“灵感，鼓舞”，符合句意。composition“作文；作曲”；occupation“职业，工作”；combination“结合，联合体”。‎ ‎2．(2019·苏州模拟)Homesharing in rural areas has huge growth ________ as more and more Chinese tourists are traveling to villages for unique rural experiences. ‎ ‎ A．survival B．potential ‎ C．interval D．approval ‎ 解析：选B　句意：房屋共享在农村有很大的增长潜力，因为越来越多的中国游客到乡村旅游，以获得独特的乡村体验。potential “潜力”，符合语境。survival“幸存”； interval“间隔，幕间休息”； approval“赞成，同意”。‎ ‎3．(2019·南通模拟)Jack's fellow workers often turn to him for help when trapped in trouble because he is a ________ of ideas.‎ ‎ A．fountain B．session ‎ C．diagram D．resource ‎ 解析：选A　句意：杰克的同事们经常在陷入困境时向他求助，因为他是主意的源泉。a fountain of ideas“主意的源泉”。session“学期，一段时间”； diagram“图表”；resource“资源”。‎ ‎4．(2019·南京、盐城模拟)I got more ________ about him from reading his books than from talking to him.‎ ‎ A．insights B．memories ‎ C．resources D．experiences ‎ 解析：选A　句意：比起和他对话，我通过读他的书对他有了更深的了解。insight“了解，洞察力”，符合句意。‎ ‎5．(2019·南京模拟)The maple trees turn a brilliant red in autumn, adding another ________ to the colors in the harvest season. ‎ ‎ A．theme B．version ‎ C．category D．dimension ‎ 解析：选D　句意：在秋天，枫树变成了鲜艳的红色，在丰收季节给色彩增添了另一个维度。dimension“维度；方面”，符合句意。‎ ‎6．(2019·盐城模拟)His children were his pride, and being a devoted father became a top ________ in his life. ‎ ‎ A．capacity B．anxiety ‎ C．priority D．opportunity ‎ 解析：选C　句意：他的孩子是他的骄傲，成为一个全心全意的父亲成为了他生命中的头等大事。a top priority“头等大事，当务之急，最优先考虑的事情”，符合句意。capacity“能力”； anxiety“焦虑”；opportunity“机会”。‎ ‎7．(2018·南通、泰州模拟)According to the regulations, most of our flights have a baggage ________ of 22 kilograms per passenger.‎ ‎ A．gravity B．session ‎ C．punctuation D．allowance ‎ 解析：选D　句意：按照规章制度，我们的大多数航班对每个乘客的行李限重是‎22公斤。allowance一般是指“津贴，补贴”，此处意为“限额”。gravity“重力，万有引力”；session“学年；一段时间”；punctuation“标点符号”。‎ ‎8．(2018·苏北四市模拟)During the Singles Day in 2017, the sales of Chinese ecommerce giants such as Alibaba outnumbered ________ of Black Friday and Cyber Monday in the US. ‎ ‎ A．that B．those ‎ C．this D．it ‎ 解析：选B　句意：2017年的光棍节，中国电商巨头比如阿里巴巴在销售数量上超过了美国的黑色星期五与剁手星期一。those 指代前句中的the sales。‎ ‎9．(2018·南京、盐城模拟)During each NBA season, basketball fans cheer on their favorite teams to make _________ through.‎ ‎ A．it B．them ‎ C．that D．those ‎ 解析：选A　句意：在每个NBA赛季中，篮球迷为他们最喜爱的球队加油，鼓励他们顺利通过这个赛季。make it“成功渡过，渡过难关”。‎ ‎10．(2018·苏、锡、常、镇模拟)—Which day shall we go on a picnic next week?‎ ‎—Make it ________ day you like, for it makes no difference to me.‎ ‎ A．one B．any ‎ C．another D．other ‎ 解析：选B　句意：“我们下周哪一天去野餐呢？”“随你便，定在哪一天都可以，因为这对我来说无所谓。”根据答语中的“it makes no difference to me”可知，对于答话者来说定在任何一天都可以，所以用any表示三者或三者以上中的“任何一个”。‎ ‎11．The movie earned over D|S3,000,000 during the first weekend in Britain, and ________ earned more than D|S‎2,000,000 in Australia.‎ ‎ A．which B．it ‎ C．that D．one ‎ 解析：选B　句意：这部电影在英国上映首个周末就获得超过三百万美元票房，在澳大利亚则获得超过二百万美元。根据题意可知，it指代前面的名词movie。注意空前有and，不能将句子理解为定语从句。‎ ‎12．The mistakes made by him are quite different from ________ made by her in English study.‎ ‎ A．it B．that ‎ C．ones D．those ‎ 解析：选D　句意：在英语学习中，他所犯的错误与她所犯的错误是迥然不同的。分析句意及句子结构可知，空处在句中特指她所犯的错误，且为复数概念，故应填those。‎ ‎13．A recent study shows the jobs of the women raised in happy families are much more likely to be paid than ________ of the women who experienced rough childhoods.‎ ‎ A．one B．ones ‎ C．that D．those ‎ 解析：选D　句意：最近的一项研究表明，在幸福家庭中长大的女性比那些童年时期生活艰难的女性更有可能在工作上得到报酬。分析句意及句子结构可知，空处在句中特指童年时期生活艰难的女性的工作，且为复数概念，故应用those指代the jobs。‎ ‎14．—It's disappointing that John failed in the maths exam.‎ ‎—Don't look at him as ________of a loser. He will catch up soon if he works hard.‎ ‎ A．all B．something ‎ C．some D．everything ‎ 解析：选B　句意：“约翰数学考试不及格，真令人失望。”“别把他看得像个失败者。如果他努力学习，不久就会赶上。”something of“某种程度上”。根据句意可知答案为B。‎ ‎15．Visitors took all the trouble ________ with all well arranged by the travel agency.‎ ‎ A．for everything B．for something ‎ C．for nothing D．for anything ‎ 解析：选C　句意：旅行社把一切安排得很好，游客们将把所有的麻烦都视若无物。take ... for nothing“视若无物”，符合语境。‎ ‎[模拟题组二]‎ ‎1．(2019·南京、盐城模拟)—Father always instructs me to do kind acts and bring more joy into the world around us.‎ ‎ —That's great. Small ________can often create huge blessings. ‎ ‎ A．gestures B．impacts ‎ C．schemes D．concepts ‎ 解析：选A　下句句意：小小的举动往往能创造巨大的幸福。gesture此处意为“举动，行为”，符合语境。 impact“影响，作用”；scheme“计划；方案”；concept“概念”。‎ ‎2．(2019·苏州模拟)Alipay, which currently has over 520 million users, is a powerful ________of payment tools, financial services and marketing platforms. ‎ ‎ A．combination B．identification ‎ C．reservation D．accommodation ‎ 解析：选A　句意：支付宝，目前拥有超过5亿2000万用户，是支付工具、金融服务和营销平台的强大结合体。combination“结合，联合体”，符合语境。 identification “认同，鉴别”；reservation“预订，保留”；accommodation“住宿，食宿”。‎ ‎3．(2019·苏州模拟)Fish：“You couldn't see my tears because I am in the water.”‎ ‎ Water：“But I could feel your tears because you are in my________.”‎ ‎ A．heart B．brain ‎ C．hands D．bones ‎ 解析：选A　句意：鱼说：“你看不见我的眼泪，因为我在水里。”水说：“但我能感觉到你的眼泪，因为你在我的心里。”heart“心”，符合语境。‎ ‎4．(2019·无锡模拟)Encourage your child to reach a(n) ________ between what he wants and what you want since it's hard to please both. ‎ ‎ A．assessment B．destination ‎ C．compromise D．conclusion ‎ 解析：选C　句意：既然对方都满意太难，鼓励你的孩子在他想要的和你想要的之间达成妥协。compromise“妥协”，符合题意。assessment“评估”；destination“目的地”；conclusion“结论”。 ‎ ‎5．(2019·扬州模拟)It's said that a clean ________ is a soft pillow, with which we can have sweet dreams. ‎ ‎ A．conscience B．criterion ‎ C．consciousness D．commitment ‎ 解析：选A　句意：据说纯洁的良心是一个柔软的枕头，我们可以用它来做美梦。conscience“良心”，符合语境。criterion“标准，尺度”；consciousness“意识，知觉”；commitment“承诺，保证”。‎ ‎6．(2019·南京、盐城、连云港模拟)The country has become known for its ________ of individualism, which has been a source of conflict with other cultures. ‎ ‎ A．push B．ban ‎ C．offence D．control ‎ 解析：选A　句意：这个国家以推行个人主义而闻名，而个人主义则是与其他文化冲突的根源。push“推动，推行”，符合语境。offence“违反，冒犯”。‎ ‎7．(2019·苏、锡、常、镇模拟)Every great accomplishment rests on the ________ of what came before it; when you trace it back, you'll see one small step that started it all. ‎ ‎ A．reputation B．expectation ‎ C．recreation D．foundation ‎ 解析：选D　句意：每一项伟大的成就都依赖于之前所有的根基。当你追溯以往的时候，你会发现当初启动它的时候只是一小步而已。foundation“基础”，符合语境。reputation“名声”；expectation“期望”；recreation“娱乐”。‎ ‎8．(2018·通、泰、扬、徐、淮、宿模拟)To better our cultural moral character, we students might as well increase our ________ for reading. ‎ ‎ A．qualification B．tendency ‎ C．appetite D．application ‎ 解析：选C　句意：为了提高我们的文化品格，我们学生不妨增加阅读的兴趣。appetite“食欲；爱好”，符合语境。qualification“资格”；tendency“趋势，倾向”；application“申请”。‎ ‎9．(2018·南京模拟)As more and more companies extend their global ________， it is easy to understand why new opportunities were born in various locations. ‎ ‎ A．concern B．appeal ‎ C．reach D．consensus ‎ 解析：选C　句意：因为越来越多的公司开始扩展自己的国际影响，因此很容易理解为什么新的机会产生于各种地区。reach“影响范围”，符合语境。concern“关心”；appeal“吸引”；consensus“共识”。‎ ‎10．(2018·通、泰、淮、连、扬、徐、宿模拟)Elizabeth shows great ________ in her choice of friends, so she has a lot of trustworthy companions. ‎ ‎ A．comprehension B．discrimination ‎ C．determination D．consideration ‎ 解析：选B　句意：伊丽莎白在选择朋友的时候展现出了极强的辨别力，所以她有很多值得信任的伙伴。discrimination“辨别力”，符合语境。comprehension“理解”；determination“决心”；consideration“考虑；体谅”。‎ ‎11．Echo is always complaining about her job as a cashier, but frankly it's ________ to have a job in these difficult days.‎ ‎ A．anything B．everything ‎ C．something D．nothing ‎ 解析：选C　句意：Echo总是抱怨她这份收银员的工作，但是老实说，在这艰难的日子里有一份工作已经不错了。it's something为固定搭配，意为“已经不错了”，故C项正确。‎ ‎12．(2018·扬州模拟)The volunteers provided the lonely elders each with an overcoat, ________ could help them keep warm through the winter.‎ ‎ A．one B．that ‎ C．it D．one that ‎ 解析：选D　句意：志愿者给那些孤独的老人每人提供了一件大衣，一件能够帮助他们保暖过冬的大衣。one用于泛指前面提到过的同类事物中的一个，相当于“a/an＋名词”；that特指前面提到的名词；it指前面提到过的同一个事物，相当于“the＋名词”。根据语境，此处应用one指代an overcoat，且此处one作an overcoat的同位语，后面的that引导定语从句且在从句中作主语，that不可以省略，故用one that。‎ ‎13．(2018·盐城市模拟)A young person is said to have behavior disorder when his or her behavior is noticeably different from ________ expected in the school or community.‎ ‎ A．one B．ones ‎ C．that D．those ‎ 解析：选C　句意：当一个年轻人的行为明显不同于学校或社会期望的行为时，他(她)就被认为有行为障碍。空处替代the behavior，表示特指，故用that。‎ ‎14．(2018·连云港、宿迁、徐州模拟)—What's wrong with him? He seemed upset.‎ ‎—He had to give up his drawing, not because he wanted ________ that way but because he had to be. ‎ ‎ A．this B．one ‎ C．it D．such ‎ 解析：选C　句意“他怎么了？看起来有点不开心。”“他不得不放弃绘画，不是因为他自己想要放弃而是现实逼得他不得不放弃。”it指代前面的放弃绘画这件事。‎ ‎15．(2018·苏、锡、常、镇模拟)In public places, improved childcare facilities will benefit ________genders, not just women. ‎ ‎ A．both B．all ‎ C．either D．other ‎ 解析：选A　句意：在公共场所，已被改善的儿童保育设施对男女双方都会有好处，不仅仅是女性受益。both意为“(两者)都”，符合题意。‎ ‎[强化题组]‎ ‎1．What to wear in winter? The look of queens and princesses around the world may give you some ________， which are elegant and also attainable. ‎ ‎ A．interpretations B．inspirations ‎ C．innovations D．invitations ‎ 解析：选B　句意：冬天穿什么？世界各地的女王和公主们的形象可以给你一些启发，它们既优雅又容易获得。inspiration“启发，激励”，符合题意。interpretation“翻译，解释”；innovation“创新”；invitation“邀请”。‎ ‎2．The idea of green packaging has received wide ________since the government announced specific goals to green the delivery industry. ‎ ‎ A．currency B．creativity ‎ C．cooperation D．criterion ‎ 解析：选A　句意：自从政府宣布了具体的目标来实现绿色运输，绿色包装这个想法被广泛地接受了。currency“流通，流行，被接受”，符合题意。creativity“创造力”；cooperation“合作”；criterion“(批评判断的)标准，准则”。 ‎ ‎3．—You should have heard Tom yesterday?‎ ‎ —Sure. He's charged with taking the car without the owner's ________. ‎ ‎ A．enquiry B．privilege ‎ C．command D．consent ‎ 解析：选D　句意：“昨天你听说了Tom的事了吗？”“当然听说了，他被指控未经主人同意，开走了别人的汽车。”consent“同意”，符合语境。enquiry“询问，打听”； privilege“特权”；command“命令”。‎ ‎4．According to the government report, now more and more chances are being given to those who dream big but have difficulty in achieving their ________.‎ ‎ A．status B．ambitions ‎ C．standard D．requirements ‎ 解析：选B　句意：根据政府报告，现在有越来越多的机会给那些有远大梦想但很难实现自己理想的人。根据句中的“dream big”可知，此处应用ambitions“追求，理想”。status“地位，身份”；standard“标准”；requirement“要求”。‎ ‎5．In our country, quite a few young ladies are trying extreme calorie ________ for a good figure by skipping supper.‎ ‎ A．reservation B．restriction ‎ C．consumption D．allocation ‎ 解析：选B　句意：在我们国家，不少年轻女士为了保持好身材正在通过不吃晚餐的方式来尝试极端的卡路里(摄入)限制。restriction“限制，约束”，符合语境。reservation“保留，预订”；consumption“消耗”；allocation“分配”。‎ ‎6．Environmental experts point out increasing pollution not only causes sharp global warming, but also poses a major ________ to all creatures on the planet.‎ ‎ A．reference B．admission ‎ C．threat D．solution ‎ 解析：选C　句意：环境专家指出持续增加的污染不仅会导致全球急剧变暖，而且会对地球上所有生物构成巨大威胁。pose a threat to“对……构成威胁”为固定搭配， 符合句意。reference“参考，涉及”；admission“加入权，进入权”；solution“解决方案，解决办法”。‎ ‎7．We sincerely apologize for any inconvenience this road ________ has caused to you.‎ ‎ A．evaluation B．instruction ‎ C．construction D．combination ‎ 解析：选C　句意：因为道路施工给您带来的不便，我们深感抱歉。construction“建造”，符合语境。evaluation“评估”；instruction“指导”；combination“结合，混合”。‎ ‎8．General Grant was definitely a successful soldier and he nearly possessed in a striking degree all the ________ of being a successful soldier.‎ ‎ A．potential B．characteristics ‎ C．ambition D．responsibilities ‎ 解析：选B　句意：格兰特将军绝对算得上是一位成功的军人，他异乎寻常地几乎拥有成为一位成功军人的所有品质。根据句意可知，characteristic“品质，特征”符合语境。potential“潜能，潜力，可能性”；ambition“野心，抱负”；responsibility“责任，义务”。‎ ‎9．If you understand what I have said before, then the two conditions should be understood without ________ attached.‎ ‎ A．advertisement B．investigation ‎ C．translation D．explanation ‎ 解析：选D　句意：如果你理解了我之前说的话，那么这两个条款不用附加解释你也应该懂的。根据句意可知，explanation“解释”，符合语境。advertisement“广告宣传”；investigation“调查，侦查”；translation“翻译”。‎ ‎10．The scientist's passion for research work and his courage in fighting his cancer are a(n) ________ to us all.‎ ‎ A．devotion B．sacrifice ‎ C．adventure D．inspiration ‎ 解析：选D　句意：这位科学家对研究工作的热情和他与癌症抗争的勇气激励着我们所有人。根据句意可知，inspiration“鼓舞人心的人(或事物)”，符合语境。devotion“奉献，忠诚”； sacrifice“牺牲”； adventure“冒险”。‎