高中英语专题Unit4Earthquakes3GrammarWriting试题含解析新人教版必修1 17页

真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 1 - 专题 Unit 4 Earthquakes 3 Grammar Writing Grammar：定语从句(I) 关系代词引导的定语从句 定语从句在整个句子中担任定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 1. 关系词 关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which, as(句子中缺主要成分：主语、宾语、定语、 表语、同位语、补语时)。 关系副词：when, where, why(句子中缺次要成分：状语时)。 2. 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词引导定语从句，代替先行词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等主要成分。 (1)who, whom, that 指代人，who, that 在从句中可作主语、宾语；whom 在从句中作宾语。 ☛Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是你想要见的那个人吗？(who/that 在从 句中作主语) ☛ He is the man who/whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他 是 昨 天 我 见 到 的 那 个 人 。 (who/whom/that 在从句中作宾语) (2)whose 用来指人或物，只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同 of which 互换。 ☛They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 他们冲过去帮助那个 车出故障的人。 ☛Please pass me the book whose cover is green/the cover of which is green. 请递 给我那本封面是绿色的书。 (3)which, that 指代物，在从句中可作主语、宾语。 ☛The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你正在 搬的那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that 在从句中作宾语，可省略) (4)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 ☛Is he the man who wants to see you?他是想要见你的那个人吗？ 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 2 - 3. 只能用 that 不能用 which 的情况 (1)先行词是 everything, nothing, something, anything, all, little, much 等不定代 词时。 ☛He never read anything that was not worth reading. 他从不读任何不值得阅读的书。 (2)先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very 等词修饰 时。 ☛I’ve read all the books that you lent me.我已经读完了你借给我的所有书。 (3)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 ☛It is the first American film of this kind that I’ve ever seen.这是我看过的第 一部这个种类的美国电影。 (4)先行词由人和物共同组成时。 ☛The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们都羡慕你和我谈论过的这个科学家和他的成就。 4. 关系代词 as 和 which 的用法区别 (1)as 一般放在句首或句中，which 置于句中。 (2)as 可引导非限制性定语从句，常常有＂正如＂之意；which 可以表主从句之间的因果关 系。 ☛As we know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. 众所周知，吸烟有害健康。 ☛He was always late, which made his teacher very angry. 他总是迟到，这让他的老师 非常生气。 A child _________ parents are dead is called an orphan. A. which B. whose C. where D. with 【答案】B 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 3 - Ⅰ. 从表格中选出合适的关系代词填空 which whom that whose who as 1. This is the mountain village ____________ I visited last year. 2. I’ll never forget the days ____________ I spent in the countryside. 3. The engineer with ____________ my father works is about 50 years old. 4. Is there anyone in your class ____________ family is in the country? 5. He talked a lot about things and persons ____________ they remembered in the school. 6. The letter is from my sister, ____________ is working in Beijing. 7. This is the same pen ____________ I used yesterday. 8. The other two areas ____________ British and American English differ are spelling and pronunciation. Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词填空 1. That evening, ____________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. 2. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without ____________ help I would never have got this far. 3. The old town has narrow streets and small houses ____________ are built close to each other. 4. The air quality in the city, ____________ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. 5. The terrible shaking of the building woke up all the people ____________ were asleep. Ⅲ. 单项填空 1. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist ____________ were in the concert 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 4 - we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 2. He is such a good teacher ____________ everyone respects and loves him. A. that B. whom C. as D. who 3. It is known ____________ light travels faster than sound. A. as B. that C. what D. which 4. I don’t like the way ____________ he spoke. A. / B. as C. who D. which 5. He has given you the way ____________ is best to solve the problem. A. / B. in which C. what D. which 6. In September of 2016, the G20 Summit was held in Hangzhou, ____________ theme is to stress innovation, reform and development. A. where B. which C. when D. whose 7. Captain John Smith was among the first to settle in ____________ is called New England now. A. which B. what C. the place where D. where 8. On the bus I saw a student ____________ I thought was your brother. A. who B. whom C. whose D. he 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 5 - I. 七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Without plants, people couldn’t live. We eat plants. 1 And we need plants for another reason: We need them because they are beautiful. 2 Imagine no flowers with their sweet smells, their beautiful colours and their lovely shapes. Imagine, when the wind blows, we are not able to hear the leaves of the trees or watch the branches swing from side to side. 3 That is why we have parks full of trees and flowers. That is why people always like houses with room for some grass and a garden. Do you talk to your plants? 4 Peter Tompkins and Christopher Bird, writers of a book called The Secret of Plants, tell of an experiment in which two seeds were plants in different places. While the plants were growing, one plant was given love and hopeful ideas. 5 Under the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem and more leaves. A. Plants get energy from the sun. B. Imagine a world with no plants. C. We take in oxygen that plants make. D. Everywhere people need beautiful plants. E. After six months, the beloved plant was bigger. F. After six months, the deserted plant faded away. G. Do you give them love and take good care of them? II. 书面表达 近年来，由于海洋污染和过度捕捞，鱼的数量和种类在急剧地减少。请就此写一篇英语 短文，给学校英语广播站投稿。内容要点如下： 1. 海洋渔业资源的现状； 2. 分析该现象出现的原因； 3. 提出解决问题的方法。 参考词汇：资源 resource 注意： 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 6 - 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 1. (2017·天津) My eldest son, ___________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment. A. that B. whose C. his D. who 2. (2017·江苏) The publication of Great Expectations, which ____________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading novelist. A. is B. are C. was D. were 3. (2017·江苏) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ____________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 4. (2017·北京) The little problems __________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. A. that B. as C. where D. when 5. (2016·江苏) Many young people, most __________ were well-educated, headed for 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 7 - remote regions to chase their dreams. A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those 6. (2016·北京) I live next door to a couple ___________ children often make a lot of noise. A. whose B. why C. where D. which 7. (2016·浙江) Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears, none of __________ has been proved. A. whom B. which C. what D. that 8. (2015·湖南) It is a truly delightful place, __________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages. A. as B. where C. that D. which Ⅰ. 从表格中选出合适的关系代词填空 1. which / that 2. which / that 3. whom 4. whose 5. that 6. who 7. as 8. in which Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词填空 1. which 2. whose 3. that 4. as 5. who Ⅲ. 单项填空 1. D 【解析】先行词由人和物共同组成时，关系代词只能用 that。本句中先行词是 the piano 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 8 - and the pianist(钢琴和钢琴家)，故选 D。 6. D 【解析】句意：在 2016 年 9 月，20 国集团峰会在杭州举行，它的主题是强调创新、 改革和发展。whose 在定语从句中作定语，故选 D。 7. B 【解析】此处 what 的意思是＂所……的事物＂，指代地点。句意: 史密斯上尉是第一 批定居在现在被称为新英格兰的人之一。故选 B。 8. A 【解析】考查定语从句的关系代词。I thought 是插入语，因此定语从句缺主语，who 和 whom 在引导定语从句上的区别主要是 who 可作主语和宾语，但 whom 只能作宾语， whose 是作定语修饰句中某个成分。句意：在公交车上，我看到一个学生，我觉得是你 的弟弟。故选 A。 I. 七选五 【语篇解读】文章讲的是植物在人们生活中的重要性。 1. C 【解析】本段讲述的是植物的作用，我们要呼吸植物产生的氧气属于植物的作用的范 畴，故选 C。 5. E 【解析】根据 Under the earth it had more and longer roots; above the earth, it had a thicker stem and more leaves.可知六个月之后，被关心的那棵植物长得更大， 它在土壤下，长出了更多更长的根。故选 E。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 9 - II. 书面表达 In recent years, fishing resources in the ocean have been faced with a severe situation with the quantity of fish and their species dropping sharply. It is human behavior that is to blame. Industrial and agricultural waste such as chemicals and oil is poured into the ocean. What’s more, overfishing destroys the balance of life in the ocean. To handle this situation, the government should make laws and punish those who violate the law for causing pollution. Besides, over-fishing should be strictly banned. Also, some fishermen may take other jobs so that there are less people living on fishing. Only with these measures taken can we eventually preserve fishing resources. 1. B 【解析】本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 My eldest son, 根据句意和空后名 词确定引导词在从句中作定语，选项中只有引导词 whose 修饰名词作定语。故选 B。 【名师点睛】 定语从句主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词 that, which, whom, as, who 在从句中作主 语、宾语、表语；whose 作定语；where, why, when 分别在句中作地点状语、原因状语和时 间状语。要分析定语从句的成分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。 2. C 【解析】考查主谓一致。本句是包含定语从句的复合句，先行词 Great Expectations 是书名，看作单数，所以定语从句的谓语也要使用单数形式；根据＂strengthened＂ 可知，＂被广泛阅读和得到高度评价＂发生在过去，故选 C。 3. C 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是＂the World Food Programme＂，语境是＂世界粮 食项目的目的之一是……＂，whose 在定语从句中作定语，在这里限定 purposes，故 选 C。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 10 - 6. A 【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。a couple 是先行词，children 和 couple 是所属关 系，故用 whose 作定语，whose children 相当于 the children of whom，故选 A。 7. B 【解析】句意：关于人类为什么哭的时候会流泪，科学家已经提出了很多理论，没有 一个被证明了。此句为定语从句，先行词是 theories，指物，定语从句用＂代词+介词 +关系代词 which＂引导。故选 B。 8. D 【解析】根据分析，此句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是 place，在定语从句中作 主语，所以用关系代词引导。as 引导非限定性定语从句时要放在句首，故排除，选用 which。句意：这真是一个令人愉快的地方，这里的蜿蜒的小路和美丽的小村庄一定和 100 年前看起来是一模一样的。故选 D。 Writing: 如何写新闻报道 【写作点拨】 新闻报道的结构一般分为四个部分：(一)标题、(二)导语、(三)主体、(四)结语。 标题是新闻的题目，是编辑对最有新闻价值内容的浓缩、概括、提炼和再创造。撰写标 题是为了撷取新闻要点、诠释新闻意义、吸引读者阅读。在今天繁忙的现代社会中，报纸的 读者大多是标题浏览者。 导语是消息开头的第一段或第一句话，它简明扼要地揭示出消息的核心内容。 主体是消息的主要部分，它用充足的事实表现主题，是对导语内容的进一步开展和阐释。 新闻报道的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话，通常对全文内容作概括性的总结，或对 新闻事件的发展趋势作出预测。有时，作者根据报道的事实在结语中提出令人深思的问题。 一般来说，标题、导语和主体是构成新闻报道的必不可少的三部分。可根据新闻报道的 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 11 - 内容而确定是否要结语或其他内容(如事件和历史背景等)，有时，还可将它们暗含在主体中。 在写新闻报道时，首先要注意新闻的标题具有语言幽默风趣的特点，有较强的吸引力。 同时，写作依据的材料要充分，要用事实来说话，语言力求简洁。最后，报道中要有亮点， 能引人深思或能让人产生强烈的兴趣。 【写作技巧】 真正的新闻英语中常见的体裁主要有三大类：消息、特写和新闻评论。在高中阶段，学 生一般被要求就某一现象做简单陈述，继而发表个人看法。新闻类文体的主体结构是由标题、 导语、正文三部分组成。其中，标题用来浓缩概括全文的中心。导语，通常为文章的第一段 提供主要话题和最主要的事实。正文在导语的基础上，引入更多与主题相关的事实，使之更 加详实、具体，并展开评论，进而得出结论。 高中生在写作时，通常不被要求拟标题，只需根据所提供的材料展开叙述，所以可将正 式英文新闻的写作结构调整为：导语—正文—评论。在导语部分简要概括事件或活动的情况， 原则上有意识地遵守＂五个 W＂的原则。简单说来，即把导语当作全文的中心句，涉及到 when, where, who, what 四个新闻元素，而剩下的 how 或 why 可在下文中具体论述。 书面表达的正文及评论部分需要遵循以下几个原则： 1. 要点完全，详略适当。 2. 段落紧凑，时态准确。 3. 语言平实，避免抒情。依据材料，平实叙述，不要使用过于夸张的语言，以保持新闻 报道类文体的特征。其次，在陈述个人观点时，也要尽量做到客观，或带有较为积极的导向 性，而不是个人情感浓重，有偏颇之嫌。 【常用表达】 一、英语新闻标题 7 种常用标题法： 1. be 动词省略 Poll：GOP* Vulnerable in Nov Peace Talk * in Peril, India Warns Pakistan 此处*表示被省略掉的 be。 2. 一般现在时通常代表过去的动作或事件 Professor Leaves $4M to His College. 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 12 - Former Bush Official Kills Son and Self. 3. 不定式代表未来的动作或事件 Court to Review Eavesdropping Program. US States to Sue Chip Companies. 4. 现在进行时表示现在发生的或即将发生的动作或事件 Sharks Moving in on Catfish Streams. Mike Tyson Trying to Become the Youngest Champ. 5. 过去分词大多为被动语态 Iraq’s Olympic Rep Kidnapped. 6. 定冠词(the)与不定冠词(a, an)通常省略 * Man Sentenced to 150 years. *代表被省略的 a。 7. 标点符号的特殊功用 逗号：代表 and US, Russia Fail to Agree on WTO Membership 分号：代表并列的两件事情 Industrial Dream Fades; Third World Revives Farms 冒号：表示消息来源，或说明补充 WHO:H5N1 Virus Mutated Slightly in Family Iraq: Zarqawi’s Successor 问号：表示新闻令人诧异 Containment: New Iraq Policy? 引号：代表特殊含义 Barbaro "Looks Good" After Week of Scares 二、新闻导语 1. 概括式 硬新闻常用的方法。 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 13 - HALAT, Lebanon — Israel again unleashed airstrikes across Lebanon on Friday, severing the country’s last major road link to the outside world and killing more than 30 people, including 28 farm workers. 2. 白描式 软新闻常用的方法。 PEARSON, Georgia For generations, people here have savored the predictable cadences of small-town living. They knew their neighbors and their neighbors’ neighbors, the sweet sound of Sunday church mornings and the rumble of tractors tilling the rich soil. And they knew that most outsiders would drive right through this blue-collar community of tidy bungalows and mobile homes, without stopping or settling, on their way to bigger, busier places. 三、新闻内容 主要有七个特点： 1. 多采用扩展的简单句 其扩展的方法是使用定语、状语、同位语等补充成分，修订限定成分。 LAGOS, Dec. 15(Reuter) — The Nigerian foreign ministry’s offices were completely destroyed by a fire in the center of Lagos Monday night. Eyewitnesses gave conflicting reports about the number of people injured in the blaze, which firemen suspect was caused by an electrical fault. One fireman said four people had been rescued from the ministry, suffering from minor injuries. About 100 firemen were unable to prevent the blaze spreading to buildings beside the seven-storey ministry. The foreign ministry, which lost many valuable records in the blaze, was due to be moved to a new site shortly. The building, completely gutted by the blaze, also housed offices of the Information Ministry and the Ministry of Science and Technology. 2. 多用直接引语和间接引语，增加真实性 3. 多用主动语态，辅以被动语态 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 14 - 4. 多用现在时 5. 多用省略句 6. 主语后置 Attending the meeting were Minister of Finance, Minister of Economic Affairs and several officials of the Council for Economic Planning & Development. 7. 副词前移至被修饰语旁 The newspaper, quoting PLO sources, said the Syrian government strongly objected to the establishment of an independent Palestinian homeland. (2015·广东)你接受了一项写作任务，为英语校报写一篇科技报道。 [写作内容] 请根据以下信息，介绍国外医疗行业出现的一项新技术，内容包括： 技术名称：DNA 检测 检测方法：唾液样本分析 检测费用：125 英镑 检测时长：4 到 6 周 检测用途：1. 预测重大疾病 2. 预知食物偏好 3. 提示合适的锻炼方式 检测影响：1. 增强健康意识 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 15 - 2. 易引起过度焦虑 *唾液样本：saliva sample [写作要求] 只能用 5 个句子表达全部内容。 [评分标准] 句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。 ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______ 【构思框架】 首先注意审题，本题要求简要介绍国外医疗行业中出现的一项新技术。考生应充分利用 所学的知识合 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 16 - 理安排所有的内容要点，并确定文章的人称和时态。所写文章是关于一项新技术的，所以时 态主要是现在时和将来时。要点包括：技术名称、检测方法、费用、时长、用途以及影响。 写作时要注意简明扼要，概括全面，并恰当地使用好主从复合句、非谓语动词、并列结构等。 请根据下面的图表以及中文提示所提供的信息，写一篇报道，简要描述我国近年私人轿 车的增长情况以及可能会带来的影响。 ●出行方便快捷 ●有助于汽车工业发展 ●污染空气 ●交通事故增多 注意： 1. 词数 100 左右； 2. 开头已给出。 我国私人轿车拥有量示意图 真正的价值并不在人生的舞台上,而在我们扮演的角色中。 - 17 - In recent years the number of private cars has been increasing rapidly in our country. 【参考范文】 In recent years the number of private cars has been increasing rapidly in our country. In 1990, there were about one million private cars. As time went on, the number of private cars went up to 5 million in 1999. In 2003 there were more than 10 million private cars in China. As we know, a car is very convenient. We can go to any place more quickly. Besides, the increase of the number of private cars can help car industry to develop faster. However, more cars may cause traffic accidents and more air pollution. What’ s more, waste gases from cars can do great harm to our health. I do hope people will pay enough attention to these problems.