【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题介词和介词短语学案（8页word版） 8页

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 介词和介词短语学案 一、常见介词的用法 常用介词如in, on, for, with, against, of, beyond, out of, across等含义较多，应全面掌握。‎ ‎1．against有“违背，违逆；反对；对……不利；倚；靠；碰撞；预防；衬托”之意。‎ An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.‎ 看来意见达成一致是不可能了，因为大多数委员会成员都表示反对。‎ ‎2．beyond可表示“范围，限度”，意为“超出，为……所不及”。‎ 常用短语：beyond words/description/imagination/belief/one's reach/one's control“无法用语言形容/无法用语言描述/难以想象/不能相信/够不着/管不了”。‎ To be acknowledged as the first to receive this honor is beyond expression in words for me.‎ 被选为第一位接受此殊荣的人，我实在无法用语言表达自己的感受。‎ ‎3．by可表示“程度或增减的幅度”，还可作“按；以……计；依据”讲。‎ As far as I know, workers are generally paid by the month.‎ 据我所知，工人们的工资通常按月来付。‎ ‎4．for有“就……而言；从……来看；达，计；为……”之意。‎ ‎①The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.‎ 我们大多数人最关心的是大众教育的质量问题。‎ ‎②She was really small for her age of 12. ‎ 就她12岁的年龄来说，她的身材真很小。‎ ‎5．off有“在离……不远处；在沿海的海面”之意。‎ The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake. (辽宁高考单选改编)‎ 威尔旅馆坐落于湖尽头的主干道附近一个非常安静的地方。‎ ‎6．across有“横跨”之意。‎ It can run across water for a distance of several meters, avoiding getting wet by rapidly hitting the water's surface with its feet.‎ 它可以在水面上跑数米的距离，通过用脚快速拍打水面避免弄湿全身。‎ ‎7．on/upon有“刚……就；一……就”之意，后接名词或动词ing形式。‎ Upon hearing the funny story, everyone burst into laughter.‎ 一听到这个滑稽的故事，大家都哈哈大笑起来。‎ ‎8．over可表示时间，意为“在……期间；直到……结束”。‎ ‎①I'm sorry I didn't phone you, but I've been very busy over the past couple of weeks.‎ 很抱歉我没有给您打电话，但是在过去的两周里我一直很忙。‎ ‎②Over coffee, she lit a cigarette, her eyes staring at the cup.‎ 喝咖啡时，她点燃了一支烟，眼睛盯着那个杯子。‎ ‎9．within可表示范围、程度，意为“在……之内”。‎ The government was doing everything within its power to help the victims.‎ 政府正尽其所能地帮助那些受害者。‎ ‎10．of表示“在……范围内”。‎ The ceasefire resolution calls for the release of all prisoners of war.‎ 停火决议要求释放所有战俘。‎ 二、介词短语辨析 考查介词短语辨析，往往要借助具体语境，另外，还要掌握常用的介词短语及其意义。‎ ‎1．与介词in搭配的常用短语 in a way　　　　　　　 在某种程度上 in no way 没门 in the way 挡住道路 in vain 徒劳 in general 通常，大体上 in detail 详细地 in turn 轮流 in return 作为回报 in need 需要 in time 迟早，及时 ‎2．与out of搭配的常用短语 out of date/time 过时/过期 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 没门/绝不可能 out of shape 变形 out of fashion 不流行 out of order 出了故障 out of reach 遥不可及 ‎3．“in＋名词＋of”常用搭配 in honor of 为纪念……‎ in charge of 负责，掌管 in terms of 依据，根据 in praise of 赞扬 in favor of 支持，赞同 in need of 需要 in spite of 尽管 ‎4．与介词at搭配的常用短语 at no time 决不 at a time 一次/每次 at one time 一度/曾经 at times 不时地/有时 at one's request 应某人的要求 at a loss 不知所措 ‎5．其他常考短语 on behalf of 代表 by chance/accident 偶然 after all 毕竟，别忘了 regardless of 不管，不顾 on the whole 总的说来 on the contrary 相反 by contrast 相比之下 常考点一：常见介词辨析 ‎1．(2017·天津高考)When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be________ trees that are over 1,000 years old.‎ A．among　　　　　　　　　 B．against C．behind D．below 解析：选A　句意：当你开车穿过加州的红木森林时，你将会处于树龄超过1 000年的古树中。be among“处于……之中”，符合语境。‎ ‎2．(2017·北京高考)Many people who live along the coast make a living________ fishing industry.‎ A．at B．in C．on D．by 解析：选B　句意：许多住在海边的人都是靠渔业谋生的。此处用介词in，意为“在……方面”。make a living in fishing industry“在渔业方面谋生”。‎ ‎3．(2016·浙江高考)The study suggests that the cultures we grow up ________ influence the basic processes by which we see world around us.‎ A．on B．in C．at D．about 解析：选B　句意：研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们对周围世界的判断进程。we grow up in是定语从句，修饰cultures。in the culture“在这种文化下”。‎ 常考点二：介词短语辨析 ‎4．(2017·江苏高考)Determining where we are ________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.‎ A．in contrast to B．in defense of C．in face of D．in relation to 解析：选D　句意：根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处，这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。in relation to“与……相关；涉及”，符合句意。in ‎ contrast to“与……相比较”；in defense of“防卫，为……辩护”；in face of“面对”。‎ ‎5．(2017·天津高考)We offer an excellent education to our students. ________， we expect students to work hard.‎ A．On average B．At best C．In return D．After all 解析：选C　句意：我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育，作为回报，我们期待学生能努力学习。根据句意，这里用介词短语in return表示“作为回报”。on average“平均”；at best“充其量，至多”；after all“终究，毕竟”。‎ ‎6．(2016·天津高考)The dictionary is ________： many words have been added to the language since it was published.‎ A．out of control B．out of date C．out of sight D．out of reach 解析：选B　句意：这部词典过时(out of date)了：自从它出版以来，这门语言已增添了许多单词。故选B项。‎ ‎7．(2016·浙江高考)That young man is honest, cooperative, always there when you need his help. ________， he's reliable.‎ A．Or else B．In short C．By the way D．For one thing 解析：选B　句意：那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作，总是在你需要他帮忙的时候出现。简言之(in short)，他是值得信赖的。故选B项。‎ ‎8．(2015·浙江高考)Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?‎ A．about B．to C．with D．over 解析：选B　句意：你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗？be home to为固定搭配，意为“是……的栖息地，是……的家园”。‎ ‎9．(2015·陕西高考)The little pupil took his grandma ________ the arm and walked her across the street.‎ A．on B．by C．in D．at 解析：选B　句意：那个小学生抓住他奶奶的胳膊，扶她过了马路。“take sb.by＋the＋身体部位”为固定搭配，意为“抓住/触及某人的……”，故选B项。‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．Both parties have agreed to the proposal ________ but we still have to negotiate the terms.‎ A．in principle　　　　　　　　 B．in store C．in return D．in contrast 解析：选A　句意：双方原则上已经同意了这项建议，但是我们仍然得商定条款。in principle意为“大体上，原则上”；in store意为“贮藏着”；in return意为“作为回报”；in contrast意为“相比之下”。根据句意可知应选A项。‎ ‎2．(2018·南通、扬州、泰州、淮安调研测试)—Dad, I am not playing the piano as well as before.‎ ‎—Take it easy. You are just ________.‎ A．out of sight B．out of control C．out of practice D．out of place 解析：选C　A项意为“看不到，在视线之外”；B项意为“失控”；C项意为“久不练习，荒疏”；D项意为“不在恰当的位置”。根据“I am not playing the piano as well as before”可知，钢琴不如以前弹得好是因为疏于练习。故选C。‎ ‎3．The life you live will expand or shrink ________ the measure of courage you display.‎ A．in proportion to B．in place of C．in competition with D．in return for 解析：选A　句意：你过的生活将扩大或缩小，这与你展示出来的勇气的程度相称。in proportion to意为“与……相称”；in place of意为“代替”；in competition with意为“与……竞争”；in return for意为“作为对……的报答”。根据句意可知应选A项。‎ ‎4．Hopefully, the new method will be effective, helping students to get their career plans ________.‎ A．at hand B．at will C．on trial D．on track 解析：选D　句意：希望这种新方法有效，帮助学生使他们的职业生涯规划走上正轨。at hand意为“在手边；即将到来”；at will意为“随意”；on trial意为“在试验中”；on track意为“走上正轨”。根据句意可知应选D项。‎ ‎5．(2018·镇江期末考试)Their new system looks modern and advanced while ours, ________， seems very oldfashioned.‎ A．in turn B．in vain C．in poverty D．in contrast 解析：选D　句意：他们的新系统看起来很现代，也很先进；然而相比之下，我们的似乎很过时。句中while表示对比关系。D项意为“相比之下”，符合题意。A项意为“依次，轮流”；B项意为“徒劳”；C项意为“贫穷”。‎ ‎6．Some traditional exercises like jogging, swimming and climbing may help people stay ________.‎ A．in place B．in order C．in fashion D．in shape 解析：选D　句意：一些传统的锻炼如慢跑、游泳和爬山可以帮助人们保持体形。in place意为“适当的；准备就绪”；in order意为“按次序的，合乎程序的，井然有序”；in fashion意为“流行，时尚”；in shape意为“健康，处于良好状态”。stay in shape“保持体形”，根据句意可知应选D项。‎ ‎7．(2018·南京、淮安高三模拟)Many of us see reading as an investment in ourselves, so it's only natural that we want to learn something useful ________ our efforts. ‎ A．in view of B．in response to C．in parallel with D．in return for 解析：选D　句意：我们中的很多人把阅读看作一种对自己的投资，所以我们很自然地想学到某些有用的东西来回报自己的努力。in return for “作为对……的回报”，符合语境。in view of“鉴于”；in response to“作为……回应”；in parallel with“与……平行”。‎ ‎8．(2018·苏北四市调研考试)Many Chinese use WeChat for both oneonone ‎ and group communication ________ international phone calls when traveling overseas.‎ A．in preference to B．in process of C．in reference to D．in search of 解析：选A　句意：很多中国人在海外旅行时更愿用微信进行一对一交流以及群组交流，而不是打国际电话。A项意为“优选于，而不是”，符合题意。B项意为“在……过程中”；C项意为“关于”；D项意为“寻找”。‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．They were all in_high_spirits (兴高采烈), for they had got another good harvest.‎ ‎2．Apart_from_good_service (除了良好的服务), the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.‎ ‎3．The lady has won the position in the end because she has_the_advantage_over_others (比其他人有优势) of knowing many languages.‎ ‎4．When she was in trouble, I did what I could to help her. In_return_for_my_help (作为对我的帮助的回报), she wrote me a letter of thanks.‎ ‎5．There is something wrong with his throat; as_a_result (结果), Alvin has to give up the singing competition.‎