【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题介词（短语）学案 10页

‎2020届二轮复习语法专题介词（短语）学案 ‎[思维导图]‎ 一、常用介词 方位介词 above，across，along，among，around，at，below，beside，between，down，in，inside，into，near，off，on，outside，over，through，to，towards，under，up 时间介词 after，at，before，by，during，for，from，in，on，over，since，through，till，until，within，between 表示工具、手段、方式的介词 by，on，over，with，in 表示原因的介词 with，for，from，of，over 表示支持、反对的介词 for，against 其他常用介词 besides，except，but，without，beyond，about等 二、固定搭配 ‎1．介词与动词构成的搭配 take advantage of　利用 thank sb for sth 为某事感谢某人 have an effect on 对……有影响 separate...from 把……与……分开 make a list of 列出一张……的单子 play with 同……一起玩；玩弄 say goodbye to 对……说再见 contribute to 贡献；有助于；促成 provide sb with sth 提供某人某物 hold up 举起 rely on 依靠 refer to 提及；参考；查阅 pass by 经过 care about 关心；介意 feel like 想要 call for 需要 pay for 为……付款 apply for 申请 begin with 以……开始 ‎2．与形容词构成的搭配 ‎►be＋adj.＋about be anxious about 忧虑……‎ be curious about 对……好奇 be particular about 对……讲究/挑剔 be worried/concerned about 对……担心 ‎►be＋adj.＋at be angry at 因……生气 be good at 擅长 be astonished at 对……吃惊 be present at 出席 ‎►be＋adj.＋in be absorbed in 专注于……‎ be active in 积极于……‎ be dressed in 穿着……‎ be engaged in 忙于……‎ be rich in 富含……‎ be occupied in 忙于……‎ ‎►be＋adj.＋for be eager for 渴望……‎ be famous for 以……著名 be fit for 适合，胜任……‎ be ready for 准备好……‎ be sorry for 对……感到抱歉 be prepared for 为……做好准备 ‎►be＋adj.＋from be absent from 缺席 be different from 不同于 be far from 远离 be free from 不受……影响 ‎►be＋adj.＋to be close to 接近……‎ be devoted to 致力于……‎ be equal to 等于……‎ be familiar to 对……来说熟悉 be friendly to 对……友好 be harmful to 对……有危害 be kind to 对……友好 be similar to 与……相似 be grateful to 对……心存感激 ‎►be＋adj.＋of be aware of 意识到……‎ be fond of 喜欢……‎ be proud of 因……而自豪 be short of 缺乏……‎ ‎►be＋adj.＋with be busy with 忙于……‎ be familiar with 对……熟悉 be combined with 与……结合 be patient with 对……有耐心 be popular with 受……的欢迎 be pleased with 对……感到满意 by angry with (sb) 对(某人)发怒 ‎3．与名词构成的搭配 ‎►“at＋n.”表示状态 at a loss 不知所措 at peace 处于和平中 at war 在战争中 at work 在工作 ‎►其他以at开头的介词短语 at the beginning of 在……的开始 at the cost of 以……为代价 at the risk of 冒……的危险 at the mercy of 在……支配下 ‎►“on＋n.”表示状态 on exhibition/show 在展出 on fire 着火 on sale 出售，打折 on the way 在途中 on the decrease/increase 在减少/在增加 on holiday/vacation 在度假 ‎►其他以on开头的介词短语 on account of 因为 on behalf of 代表 on no account/condition 决不 ‎►“by＋n.”表示方式 by accident 偶然 by air/plane 乘飞机 by chance 偶然 by coincidence 碰巧 by hand 用手工 by mistake 错误地 by the day 按天算 by nature 天生地 ‎►“in＋n.”表示方式 in cash 用现金付款 in depth 在深度上 in detail 详细地 in height 在高度上 in length 在长度上 in English 用英语 ‎►其他以in开头的介词短语 in no time 立刻 in no way 决不 in place of 代替 in possession of 拥有，占有 in addition to 另外 in charge of 掌管……‎ in return 作为回报 in spite of 尽管 in exchange for 作为交换 in favor of 支持，赞成 in case of 万一；如果；假如 in honour of 为向……表示敬意 in memory of 为了纪念……‎ in support of 为支持……‎ ‎►“of＋n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)‎ of benefit 有益处的 of help 有帮助的 of importance 重要的 of significance 有重大意义的 of use 有用的 of value 有价值的 ‎►“out of＋n.”表示状态 out of balance 失去平衡 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of control 不受控制 out of date 过期 out of order 出故障 out of sight 看不到 out of the question 不可能 out of question 毫无疑问 out of work 失业 ‎►“under＋n.”表示被动 under attack 遭到袭击 under pressure 在压力下 under treatment 在治疗中 under control 处于控制之下 ‎►“with＋n.”表示方式 with delight/joy 高兴地 with difficulty 困难地 with ease 轻而易举地 with fear 害怕地 with pleasure 乐意地 ‎►“beyond＋n.”表示“超出……，难以……”‎ beyond compare 无与伦比 beyond reach 够不到 beyond description 难以描述 beyond expression/words 难以表达 ‎4．与其他词构成的搭配 next to 紧挨着 in between 在中间，在两者之间 instead of 代替 apart from 除……之外 regardless of 不管，不顾 according to 根据 along with 随着 together with 连同 owing to 因为 but for 要不是 up to 直到；由……而定 单句语法填空 ‎1．I was searching ________these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 答案　for　[search for固定搭配，意为“寻找，搜索”。]‎ ‎2．If you are not going to suffer this problem，then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ________ dinner，get a few cooking tips from her.(2018·浙江高考)‎ 答案　for　[此处go to...for...构成搭配，表示目的。]‎ ‎3．It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and________work.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 答案　from　[to and from“往返，来回，来来往往”。to and from work“上下班”。]‎ ‎4．This trend，which was started by the medical community (医学界)________ a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 答案　as　[此处指作为一种抵抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为”。]‎ ‎5．After school she plans to take a year off to model full－time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 答案　in　[名词degree意为“学位”，后面应该跟介词in，表示“在……方面”。a degree in engineering or architecture意为“工程学或建筑学学位”。]‎ ‎6．Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India，for example，most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)‎ 答案　with　[with one’s hands “用某人的手”。介词with意为“用”。]‎ ‎7．The mother continued to care for the young panda ________ more than two years.(2016·四川高考)‎ 答案　for　[句意：熊猫妈妈对小熊猫的照顾会持续两年多。“for＋时间段”表示持续一段时间。]‎ ‎8．But my connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s...(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ 答案　to　[go back to为固定短语，意为“回到，追溯到”。]‎ ‎9．Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ 答案　on　[句意：我们中的很多人一天中早晨的注意力要比晚些时候更集中。be focused on“专心于，集中于”，为固定短语。]‎ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．She stayed up till eleven thirty one evening on purpose just to see the moonlight.(2019·杭州七中模拟)‎ ‎2．Many times we don’t realize how routine our lives have become and how much we take them for__granted until we find ourselves in new situation.(2019·台州一中模拟)‎ ‎3．The effect that music can have on our emotions is tremendous，as it can bring people to floods of tears or bursts of laughter.(2019·温岭中学模拟)‎ ‎4．Hand straps (扶手带) on buses were next with 380 units，followed by bathroom doorknobs at 340.(2019·湖州模拟)‎ ‎5．It was amazing to see these in person and I was astonished by the wisdom and workmanship of people back then.(2019·宁波模拟)‎ ‎6．I’m the only daughter of my parents.So they are worried about everything I do.(2019·丽水模拟)‎ ‎7．Add milk and sugar to increase the flavor of bold teas or add honey to lightly flavored teas if desired.(2019·温州模拟)‎ ‎8．Along with London’s West End theatres，Broadway theatres are widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English－speaking world.(2019·绍兴模拟)‎ ‎9．Anne Frank treated her diary as her best friend.(2019·金华外国语学校模拟)‎ ‎10．Many people fall somewhere in between，but may have periods when levels of stress increase.(2019·嘉兴一中三模)‎ Ⅱ.语法填空 ‎(2019·绍兴一中二模)Rajesh Naik 1.________(transform) 120 acres of waste land into an organic farm，providing an 2.________(inspire) example of the efforts to create a large lake.‎ ‎“I come from a family of agriculturalists and this land is my ancestral land，3.________hard rock structures make it difficult to hold water.People thought it was impossible to farm this land and 4.________ I was throwing away my career.However，I was determined to work on developing the water resources in the area，” says Rajesh.‎ It took a lot of financial resources and time 5.________ (create) the lake，which is enough to irrigate(灌溉) the whole farm.This has not only encouraged plant 6.________ (grow) in the area，but also helped in increasing the water table (地下水位) in the surrounding areas 7.________ the farm.Besides growing fruit and vegetables，Rajesh has also started a dairy farm that has 8.________(many) than 200 cows.‎ ‎“If this model 9.________(carry) out in every part of the country，the whole country will be able to solve its water problems and have agriculture 10.________(total) based on organic farming.What is important is the will of the people and the support from the government，” says Rajesh.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　Rajesh Naik放弃了自己的事业，投入了很多时间和金钱挖了一个湖，满足了灌溉需要，把120英亩的荒地变成了有机农场。‎ ‎1．has transformed　[考查动词的时态。transform动作在过去，并对现在造成了结果，因此应用现在完成时。]‎ ‎2．inspiring　[考查词性转换。此处作定语，修饰example，故应填inspiring。]‎ ‎3．whose/where　[考查定语从句。先行词为land，关系词在定语从句中作定语或地点状语，因此应填whose或where。]‎ ‎4．that　[考查名词性从句。此处为两个并列的宾语从句，第二个宾语从句句子结构完整，故填that。 ]‎ ‎5．to create　[考查非谓语动词。it takes sth to do sth花费(时间)做某事。]‎ ‎6．growth　[考查词性转换。此处作encouraged的宾语，故应使用名词形式。]‎ ‎7．of　[考查介词。the surrounding areas与the farm存在所属关系，故应用介词of。]‎ ‎8．more　[考查固定短语。more than超过。]‎ ‎9．is carried　[考查动词的时态和语态。根据主句使用一般将来时可知if引导的条件状语从句应使用一般现在时，this model是carry out的承受者，故应用一般现在时的被动语态。]‎ ‎10．totally　[考查词性转换。修饰过去分词based应用副词形式。]‎