高考英语二轮复习专题03阅读理解Ⅰ测含解析 13页

只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 1 专题 3 阅读理解Ⅰ：主旨大意题 班级 姓名 学号 分数 （测试时间：45 分钟） 1. 【四川省蓉城名校高 2018 届高三上学期第一次联考】C Sure, chocolate is a delicious treat, and it’s a staple of some of our favorite desserts. But it’s not a health food, so it should be enjoyed in moderation-right? Well, it turns out that eating chocolate might actually have a pretty significant health benefit. According to research conducted by five scientists in Italy, compounds found in chocolate, called flavanols, can help boost cognitive (认知的) performance. Yup, chocolate’s good for your brain. The scientists, studying at the Universities of Rome and L’Aquila, summarized research from ten different studies. The studies assessed people’s performance on cognitive tests before and after eating cocoa or chocolate. The results were pretty telling: in nine out of the ten studies, there was a noticeable improvement after the subjects had eaten the chocolate. The scientists found improvements in “general cognition, attention, processing speed and working memory.” Sounds pretty good to us! And that’s not all. In subjects, especially women, who performed the tests while sleep-deprived, the flavanols helped relieve the negative effects of the sleep deprivation. And there’s even more good news. The researchers also found that eating chocolate daily (over periods ranging from five days to three months) produced noticeable long-term improvements in cognition. Older adults, whose memories were already declining, saw an especially significant improvement. All chocolate has flavanols, since they occur naturally in cocoa. However, dark chocolate lovers feel happy, because it has more flavanols than any other type of chocolate. In fact, the scientists themselves have claimed that, after doing this research, they’ve started eating dark chocolate every day! Now, we’re not saying you should start eating chocolate for breakfast, lunch and dinner - it’s still high in sugar and low in nutrients. But next time you find yourself yawning after a sleepless night, snack on some chocolate and let the flavanols work their magic. 11. What’s the main idea of the passage? A. Chocolate is a beneficial but unhealthy food. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 2 B. Eating chocolate benefits our learning. C. Eating chocolate works on your sleep. D. Chocolate contains low nutrients. 【答案】 11. A 2. 【河北省衡水中学 2018 届高三上学期五调考】B My mother died in August 2005．Eight months later，I began to come out of the fog of sadness and depression to find a new purpose for my life． Like many of my generation，I had lived only for myself —traveling，acquiring possessions， rising to a position of importance and seeking financial rewards．I was“charitable”and“volunteered”for various causes，but really didn’t give of myself． In the spring after my mom’s death，I found myself waking in the middle of the night with one thought．I felt forced to offer myself as a living kidney donor．My husband Robb had received the gift of life through a kidney transplant(移植)from a dead donor in 1999，so I was familiar with the enormous need for donors and knew several people who were waiting for a lifesaving transplant．I decided to offer myself to be matched with the most compatible(互不排斥的)person on the waiting list at my local transplant center． I was paired with 71-year-old Dee from New Jerse who had survived for six years on peritoneal dialysis(腹腔透析)．At her 70th birthday，her family threw a big party as they did not expect her to live much longer．Dee has become my very good friend．Almost two years after the transplant， I was privileged to celebrate her 50th wedding anniversary with her husband，their five children and their extended family． In donating my kidney，I extended myself in a way far beyond what I ever believed was possible．I did so in honor of my mother who sacrificed so much for me and my sisters，and in memory of my husband’s donor who extended her 1ife through him． I encourage all who enjoy the gift of good health to share with others，either as a living donor or by appointing organ donation upon death．By extending yourself through organ donation， 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 3 you will live on through others in an extraordinary way and give comfort to your loved ones． 7. What would be the best title for this text? A. An old lady benefited from organ donation B. The memory of my beloved mother C. The deep meaning of love D. Extend yourself 【答案】 7. D 3. 【广西贵港市 2018 届高三上学期 12 月联考】D When seeing the doctor, you feel better to know you will get some medicine. But the doctor knows that medicine is not always needed. Sometimes all a sick person needs is some reassurance (安想) that all will be well. In such cases the doctor may prescribe a placebo. A placebo is a sugar pill, a harmless shot, or an empty capsule. The patient thinks it is medicine and begins to get better. How does this happen? The study of the placebo opens up new knowledge about the way the human body can heal itself. It is as if there was a doctor in each of us. The doctor will heal the body for us if we let it. But it is not yet known just how the placebo works to heal the body. Some people say it works because the human mind fools itself. These people say that if the mind is fooled into thinking it got medicine, then it will act as if it did, and the body will feel better. Placebos don’t always work. The success of this treatment seems to rest a lot with the relationship between the patient and the doctor. If the patient has lots of trust in the doctor and if the doctor really wants to help the patient, then the placebo is more likely to work. So in a way, the doctor is the most powerful placebo of all. A placebo can also have bad effects. If patients expect a bad reaction to medicine, then they’ll also show a bad reaction to the placebo. Some doctors still think that if the placebo can have bad effects it should never be used. They think there is still not enough known about 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 4 it. The strange power of the placebo does seem to suggest that the human mind is stronger than we think it is. There are people who say you can heal your body by using your mind. And the interesting thing is that even people who swear this is not possible have been healed by a placebo. 15. What is the best title for the text? A. Placebo: Work on Your Mind B. Placebo: The Most Powerful Medicine C. Placebo: The Best Doctor D. Placebo: Heal the Body 【答案】15. A 4. 【东北三省三校 2017 届高三第二次联合模拟】D Dormitory management officials in universities say that lately they are noticing something different: students seem to lack the will and skill to address their ordinary conflicts. “We have students who are mad at each other and they text each other in the same room,” says a teacher. “So many of our roommate conflicts are because kids don’t know how to negotiate.” And as many psychologists will tell you, bottled emotions lead to silent unhappiness that can boil over into frustration and anger. “At Florida University, emotional outbreaks occur about once a week,” the dormitory director says. “It used to be: ‘Let’s sit down and talk about it,’” he says. “Recently, roommate conflicts have increased. The students don’t have the person-to-person discussions and they don’t know how to handle them.” The problem is most impressive among freshmen; dormitory officials say some students even never seem to catch on till graduation, and they worry about how such students will deal with conflicts after college. Administrators suppose that relying on cell phones and the Internet may have made it easier for young people to avoid uncomfortable meetings. Why express anger in person when you can do it in a text? Facebook makes the situation worse as complaints go public. “Things are posted 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 5 on someone’s wall on Facebook: ‘Oh, my roommate kept me up all night studying,”’ says Dana Pysz, an assistant director in the housing office at California University. “It’s a different way to express their conflicts to each other.” In recent group discussions at North Carolina State University, students said they would not even accuse the noisy neighbors on their floor face to face. Administrators also point to parents who have fixed their children’s problems in their entire lives. Now in college, the children lack the skills to attend to even modest conflicts. Would these parents continue to take care of everything on campus? 35. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Students’ Unhappy Life in University B. Parents’ Attention in Children’s Life C. Students’ Failure to Deal with Conflicts D. Teachers’ Concerns about Students 【答案】35. C 5. 【四川省成都外国语学校 2018 届高三 12 月月考】C Mass communication has been growing and affecting the way communities and people behave. At every stage of the development of communication, from the telegraph to the Internet, societies have had to adapt to its effects. But have the effects been more positive or negative? The saying “knowledge is power” has been an excellent motivator for people to improve their lives, but today the massive amount of information available through the Internet doesn't always seem to be helping people in the way we’d hoped. Rather than improving people’s lives and bringing us closer together, the information age is making us more divided and irresponsible. Nevertheless, many people find comfort in their virtual (虚拟的) worlds and are happy to connect with real-life friends and online friends from the familiar surroundings of their living rooms. However, being able to reinvent themselves online and be whoever they want to be leads to the question of whether they are losing their identities by living in a virtual world. It's not all bad news, however. Mass communication has helped change some attitudes for the better. Take our views on the environment for example. Internet campaigns by governments and other 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 6 organizations have helped popularize the ideas of recycling, protecting wildlife and reducing pollution. Modern electronic communication now influences every aspect of our lives - it is a powerful tool that has raised some concerns for society. However, it has also brought countless benefits to society. At the end of the day, it can be used both for good or evil, which largely relies on the morals and sense of responsibility of the individual or community involved. In short, it needs to be used with care. 12. What does the text mainly talk about? A. The comfort of the virtual worlds. B. The effects of mass communication. C. The development of mass communication. D. The way to use modern mass communication. 【答案】12. B 6. 【安徽省蒙城县第一中学、淮南第一中学等 2018 届高三上学期“五校”联考】C On a cold January morning in 2017, four-year-old Eli stands on the bank of Douglas River, hugging a dead salmon(鲑鱼) against his thick red coat. He looks up at his father, Andrew, who nods encouragingly. “Go ahead,” he says. “Put it in.” The young boy drags his feet forward and holds the fish as far as he can into the shallow water. “It’s floating!” Eli yells, delighted. For a moment, it’s almost as if the handsome salmon could come back to life. Eli’s salmon is just one of 100 or so death bodies that will land in Douglas River in a half-hour activity this morning, deposited by dozens of volunteers. None of the salmon will rise from the dead, but Darrell Wick, president of the Douglas Society, who has promoted this gathering, is in the resurrection(复活) business. Wick also leads the group’s campaign to recover this urban waterway’s salmon population. “The Douglas Society started looking into the possibility of recovering the salmon in the river in the mid-1990s, and part of a thought in that Lime focused on river recovery in cities worldwide. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 7 Back then, the prospects (前景) looked future lefts from the result. Wick and his group are devoted to giving the river a full make-over. This monumental repair job, supported by approximately $95,000 of funding from the Pacific Salmon Foundation over the past 15 years, has involved recovering the river-habitat of salmon and preventing it from wearing away. Work on the river’s final section was completed in July 2017. 11. What’s the best title for the passage? A. Work on Douglas River has ended. B. Wick’s campaign against pollution. C. Saving a River to save the salmon. D. An unforgettable story of the salmon. 【答案】 11. C 【名师点睛】 4 C【解题剖析】此题属于主旨大意中的（1）一一标题类。文章标题可以是单词，短语，也可以是句子， 它的特点是：短小精悍，多为一短语；涵盖性强，一般要求能覆盖全文，其确定的范围要恰当，既不能太 大，也不能太小；精确性强，不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。答案需要理解文章后归纳文章中心。 【答案定位】最后一段 Wick and his group are devoted to giving the river a full make-over. This monumental repair job, supported by approximately $95,000 of funding from the Pacific Salmon Foundation over the past 15 years, has involved recovering the river-habitat of salmon and preventing it from wearing away. Work on the river’s final section was completed in July 2017， 得知本文主要讲述了 Wick 和他的团队致力于清理河流恢复鲑鱼栖息地。 【推理关系】题干 What’s the best title for the passage?☞文章内容最后一段 Wick and his group are devoted to giving the river a full make-over. This monumental repair job, supported by approximately $95,000 of funding from the Pacific Salmon Foundation over the past 15 years, has 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 8 involved recovering the river-habitat of salmon and preventing it from wearing away. Work on the river’s final section was completed in July 2017.☞概括总结☞大家致力于清理河流恢复鲑鱼栖息 地。☞标题 【答案】根据最后一段总结概括文章☞C 选项 Saving a River to save the salmon. 7. 【广东七校联合体 2018 届高三第二次联考试】B The popular smartphone application Instagram(照片分享) has changed the way we look at photography, even our world. The photo-worthy moments we share serve as an important function in cultivating the photographic artistic eye. Instagram has got people to start noticing the art in their everyday life. It has also allowed us to share the artful moments in our lives with others. Clearly, making people focus on beautiful moments in their lives and how to share them is a positive takeaway from Instagram. Not only has Instagram changed the way we look at things around us, but it has also changed the way people view professional photography. Instagram has turned everyone with a smartphone into an artist. Opening up art to the general community is a groundbreaking(创新的) aspect of this application. Making artistic attempts accessible for everyone to discover their artistic talents and explore creatively is something that has made people find the beauty in the everyday life. However, this accessibility has also created questioning around art and respect deserved by professional photography. The art in a professional photograph versus(与…对抗) an Instagram can sometimes be hard to notice at a quick glance. But photographs taken by true professional photographers hold something that Instagram’s cannot match in terms of photographic quality, or advanced compositional knowledge. This is not to say Instagram is a lesser art. Aesthetic qualities of art are a personal matter and how good an artwork is depends on personal preferences. Good is a very arbitrary term in the art world. For example, I may find one photo more pleasing than another, but not everyone has to agree with me. The point I am trying to make is that professional photography should not be lost, but instead approached with a new, enhanced level of respect and admiration — despite how accessible, common and fun Instagram now makes the taking and sharing of photos. 5. What does the writer mainly tell us in the passage? 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 9 A. The increasing popularity of Instagram. B. The advantages and disadvantages of Instagram. C. The changes that Instagram brings us. D. The differences between Instagram and professional photography. 【答案】5. C 8. 【河北省衡水中学 2018 届高三上学期四模】B James Gross, a psychology professor at Stanford University, has a 13-year-old daughter who loves math and science. “It hasn’t occurred to her yet that’s unusual,” he says. “But I know in the next couple of years, it will.” She’s already being pulled out of class to do advanced things with a couple of other kids, who are guys. And as someone who studies human emotion for a procession, Gross says, “I know as time goes on, she will feel increasingly lonely as a girl who’s interested in math and science, and be at risk of narrowing her choices in life before finding out how far she could have gone.’’ Gross’ concern clearly shows what has been a touchy subject in the world of science for a long time: Why are there still so few women in science, and how might that affect what we learn from research? Women now make up half the national workforce, earn more college and graduate degrees than men, and by some estimates represent the largest single economic force in the world. Yet the gender gap in science persists, to a greater degree than in other professions, particularly in high-end, math-intensive fields such as computer science and engineering. According to US Census Bureau statistics, women in fields commonly referred to as STEM (science, technology, engineering, mathematics) made up 7 percent of that workforce in 1970, a figure that had jumped to 23 percent by 1990. But the rise essentially stopped there. Two decades later, in 2011, women made up 26 percent of the science workforce. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 10 8. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Why It Is Important to Get More Women Into Science B. James Gross, Confusion About His daughter C. Situation of Women in the Whole Country D. Future of women in the Workforce 【答案】8. A 8. A 主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了长期以来科学界一直存在的一个敏感话题：为什么科学 界的女性仍然如此之少，而这又会如何影响我们从研究中获得的知识呢？分析中可知大学毕业的女性多于 男性，但在高端的数学密集领域非常少。而这几年来根据资料显示女性在 STEM 中的人数在逐年上升，这更 说明女性在这一领域的重要性。分析选项中可知 A 项符合题意。可知故选 A。 9. 【湖北省荆州市 2018 届高三上学期第一次质量检查】B A group of artists, writers and intellectuals has launched a new “university” in London, designed to help those too tied up with work to appreciate the finer things in life, like art, books and travel. The School of Life, operating out of a small shop in the arty district of Bloomsbury, describes itself as a “chemist for the mind” that plans to offer “cultural solutions to everyday ailments (疾病)”. It hopes to inspire those who have got out of the habit of reading decent books, cannot keep conversation flowing at dinner parties, or need to expand their holiday horizons. The philosopher Alain de Botton, author of How Proust Can Change Your Life, and Sophie Howarth, a former curator (馆长) at the Tate Modem Gallery, are among the staff members. The founders believe that people with too little time to spare need instruction in how to live a more fulfilled (有成就感的) existence. Perhaps you have a burning question for a paleontologist(古生物学家). “Perhaps you’re considering a career change and want to talk first-hand to a photographer or landscape designer. The School of Life has a large professional staff who are willing to meet with you for an hour of chat in exchange for a small fee,” the website explains, listing 50 experts. 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 11 Among courses being offered later this year are instruction in life, love, work, family and politics. A typical course, in love, will explore why relationships are so complicated and why attraction ebbs and flows. “We draw on ideas from philosophy, psychoanalysis (心理分析), literature and art. We discover what the likes of Plato, Shakespeare, Tolstoy and Freud had to say about compassion , empathy and self-love,” the instructors promise. Courses run for six weeks and cost 195 pounds. 7. Which of the following can serve as the best title? A. A new university—solutions to everything B. A new university—instructions to your career C. The School of Life—a chemist for mind D. The School of Life—a school for health 【答案】7. C 【名师解析】 【答案定位】根据第二段 The School of Life, operating out of a small shop in the arty district of Bloomsbury, describes itself as a “chemist for the mind”得知这所生活学校开在布鲁姆斯博里艺 术区的一间小作坊，它把自己形容为“头脑的药剂师”，打算给“日常疾病开出文化处方”。 【推理关系】题干 Which of the following can serve as the best title?☞文章内容根据第二段 The School of Life, operating out of a small shop in the arty district of Bloomsbury, describes itself as a “chemist for the mind”得知这所生活学校开在布鲁姆斯博里艺术区的一间小作坊，它把自己形容为 “头脑的药剂师”，打算给“日常疾病开出文化处方”。☞概括总结☞生活大学是“头脑的药剂师”☞标 题 【答案】根据总结概括文章☞C 选项 The School of Life—a chemist for mind 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 12 10. 【湖北省荆州市 2018 届高三上学期第一次质量检查】C On August 25, an American family’s vacation went terribly wrong. A man, his wife and their three children stopped at a shooting range (靶场) in the southwestern state of Arizona, where people pay to fire guns at targets. Charles Vacca worked for the business, called Bullets and Burgers. He helped the family’s nine-year-old girl shoot a submachine gun called an Uzi. But the girl lost control of the weapon. At least one bullet hit Mr. Vacca in the head. He fell to the ground. Later, he died of his injuries. No one has been charged with a crime. In fact, the families of both Mr. Vacca and the girl have said they feel very bad for each other. But the event has made Americans talk once again about guns and children. In the United States, federal law bars anyone younger than 18 from owning a handgun. But, many state laws give young people the right to shoot all kinds of guns under certain conditions. Some Americans say children (like adults) need to learn to shoot a weapon so they can protect themselves. Others say shooting guns is just part of the way they grow up. But “safety” is a word many people use when it comes to children and guns. Last year, the Pew Research Center reported that over one-third of American homes have a gun. So, the argument goes, children could easily see a gun at home, or in the home of a friend or neighbor, and decide to fire it. Indeed, the Nationwide Children’s Hospital says about 1,500 children die every year from a gun accident. Many more are injured. Laura Cutilletta is a lawyer for the Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence. She said most U. S. states have firm restrictions on keeping children away from guns in the home. But state laws about children hunting or shooting for fun, such as at a shooting range, are much looser. In general, most states permit children to hunt or use a gun when an adult is with them. But, Laura Cutilletta notes that even a responsible adult cannot protect a child who is too young to shoot a gun safely. And, she says no one needs to shoot the most powerful guns just for fun. 11. The passage is mainly about ________. A. a gun accident happening at a shooting range B. a discussion about children’s shooting for fun safely C. adults’ responsibility to keep children away from guns D. Americans’ legal right for possessing guns at home 只有比别人更早、更勤奋地努力，才能尝到成功的滋味。 13 【答案】11. B