【英语】2019届二轮复习语法专题形容词和副词学案（7页word版） 7页

‎2019届二轮复习语法专题 形容词和副词学案 ‎　‎ 一、形容词、副词的比较级 ‎①This year they have produced less grain than they did last year.‎ 他们今年生产的谷物比去年少。‎ ‎②—Goods imported from abroad are not always even better than those made in China.‎ ‎—Yes.Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality.‎ ‎——国外进口的货物并不一定比中国做得更好。‎ ‎——没错。我们国家生产的一些商品质量很好。‎ ‎③It's believed that the harder you work, the better result you'll get.‎ 人们相信，工作越努力，得到的结果将越好。‎ ‎④Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry.‎ 这两个照相机，我喜欢较小的一个，它容易携带。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still, even, far, any(用于否定句或疑问句), a lot, a little, a great deal, by far, a bit等。‎ ‎2．比较级＋than ...“比……更”；less ... than“不如……”‎ ‎3．the＋比较级，the＋比较级“越……，越……”‎ ‎4．the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词“(两者中)较……的”‎ 二、形容词、副词的最高级 ‎①The happiest are not those who own all the best things, but those who can appreciate the beauty of life.‎ 最幸福的人们并不是拥有最好的东西的人，而是那些懂得欣赏生活的美好的人。‎ ‎②This is by far the best song that I've ever heard.‎ 这是我听过的最好听的歌。‎ ‎③I can't agree with you more, but we can't afford the money.‎ 我非常同意你的观点，但我们负担不起这笔费用。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．三者或三者以上的比较用最高级。‎ ‎2．最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like等。‎ ‎3．“否定词＋比较级”表示最高级意义。‎ 三、倍数表达法 ‎①The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.‎ 为迎接下一届亚运会而正在修建的体育场将是现在的三倍大。‎ ‎②There are five times more books in our library than in yours.‎ 我们图书馆里的书比你们图书馆里的书多五倍。‎ ‎③Mr Hilton is very pleased with the newlybuilt house, which is almost twice the size of the one he used to live in.‎ 希尔顿先生对新建的房子很满意，这个房子几乎是他过去居住房子的两倍大。‎ ‎④The price is ten times what it normally is and totally beyond the reach of ordinary people.‎ 这个价格是平时的10倍，一般人根本买不起。‎ ‎⑤The price of houses in Beijing is six times higher than that in our city.‎ 北京的房价比我们城市的房价高六倍。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ 表示倍数的几个句型：‎ ‎1．倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...‎ ‎2．倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than ...‎ ‎3．倍数＋the＋性质名词(size/length/height等)＋of ...‎ ‎4．The＋名词＋be＋倍数＋what从句 ‎5．The＋名词＋be＋倍数＋that/those of ...‎ 四、形容词作状语 ‎①Having been out of touch with his parents for two years, Jones returned home, safe and sound.‎ 与父母失去联系两年后，琼斯安然无恙地回到了家中。‎ ‎②Frightened, she asked me to go with her.‎ 由于害怕，她要我跟她一起去。‎ ‎③Scared and alone, Joshua one day makes friends with a little mouse he calls Bethlehem who becomes his closest friend.‎ 由于害怕和孤独，一天乔舒亚和一只被他叫作伯利恒的小老鼠成为朋友，之后那只小老鼠成为了他最亲密的朋友。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表示动作的方式。‎ 五、形容词、副词作修饰语的顺序 ‎①John Smith, a successful businessman, has a large white German car.‎ 约翰·史密斯是一位成功的商人，有一辆大的白色德国车。‎ ‎②—How was your recent visit to Qingdao?‎ ‎—It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the last few sunny days at the seaside.‎ ‎——最近你去青岛玩得怎么样？‎ ‎——很好。我拜访了一些朋友，在海边度过了最后几个艳阳天。‎ ‎③The old man dressed in a dirty old black shirt is John's uncle.‎ 这个穿着一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣的老人是约翰的叔叔。‎ ‎④Students brave enough to take this adventure course will certainly learn a lot of useful skills.‎ 足够勇敢参加这次探险课的学生肯定会学到很多有用的技能。‎ ‎⑤I make $‎2,000 a week. $60 surely won't make that big a difference to me.‎ 我一周赚2 000美元，60美元当然对我没多大意义。‎ ‎[规律总结]‎ ‎1．多个修饰词修饰名词时的常见顺序：限定词(these, those)＋数量形容词(three)＋描绘性形容词(beautiful)＋大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词(large, long, high)＋新旧(old)＋颜色(red)＋国籍(Chinese)＋材料(wooden)＋用途(writing)＋被修饰名词(desk)。‎ 为了方便记忆，不妨试试如下口诀：‎ ‎“限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老，颜色国籍原材料，作用类别往后靠”。‎ ‎2．副词一般位于被修饰词的前面，但enough较特殊，要放在被修饰的形容词或副词的后面。‎ ‎3．注意too/so/that＋adj.＋a/an＋n.结构中形容词的位置。‎ 常考点一：形容词、副词的比较级和最高级用法 ‎1．(2015·四川高考)Andy is content with the toy.It is______he has ever got.‎ A．a better　　　　　　　　 B．the better C．a best D．the best 解析：选D　句意：安迪对这个玩具很满意。这是他得到的最好的玩具。从后面的定语从句“he has ever got”可以推知这是“他得到的最好的玩具”，故此处要用最高级。‎ ‎2．—Shall I come and have a talk with you ? ‎ ‎—________. We can well communicate with each other. ‎ ‎ A．It couldn't be better B．Of course you can C．If you like D．It's up to you 解析：选A　根据答语“We can well communicate with each other.”可知，答话人非常赞同两人谈一谈。“It couldn't be better ”是否定式的比较级，表示最高级含义。‎ ‎3．(2018·苏北四市模拟)—Are you satisfied with the result of the exam ?‎ ‎—Not at all. I can't have ________.‎ A．a worse one B．a better one ‎ C．the worst one D．the best one ‎ 解析：选A　句意：“你对考试结果感到满意吗？”“一点儿也不。我不可能有比那更糟糕的结果了。”根据句意及“否定词 ＋ 比较级 ”表达最高级含义可知，应选 A 。‎ 常考点二：形容词、副词辨析 ‎4．(2017·江苏高考)Only five years after Steve Jobs' death, smartphones defeated ________ PCs in sales.‎ A．controversial B．contradictory C．confidential D．conventional 解析：选D　句意：仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年后，智能手机的销售额就打败了传统的个人电脑。conventional“传统的”，符合句意。controversial“引起争论的”；contradictory“相互矛盾的”；confidential“机密的”。‎ ‎5．(2017·江苏高考)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But ________ explanations are hard to find.‎ A．alternative B．aggressive C．ambiguous D．apparent 解析：选A　句意：恐龙的灭绝不一定就是由天文事件引起的，但是很难找到其他的解释。alternative“可替代的，另外的”，符合句意。aggressive“好斗的，有进取心的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；apparent“明白的，显而易见的”。‎ ‎6．(2017·天津高考)—I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment.‎ ‎—I'm sorry, but he is not ________ at the moment, for the meeting hasn't ended.‎ A．busy B．active C．concerned D．available 解析：选D　句意：“我想见怀特先生。我们有预约。”“对不起，但他这个时候没空，因为会议还没有结束。”根据答句中的“the meeting hasn't ended”可知怀特先生没空，故选D。available在这里表示“(人)有空的”。‎ ‎7．(2016·江苏高考)His comprehensive surveys have provided the most ________ statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.‎ A．explicit B．ambiguous C．original D．arbitrary 解析：选A　句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最清晰 的说明。explicit“明晰的，清楚的”，符合语境。ambiguous“模棱两可的，含糊不清的”；original“原始的，最初的”；arbitrary“任意的，专制的”。‎ ‎8．(2016·浙江高考)In this article, you need to back up general statements with ________ examples.‎ A．specific B．permanent C．abstract D．universal 解析：选A　句意：在这篇文章中，你缺乏具体的事例来支持你的观点。specific“具体的”，符合语境。permanent“持久的”；abstract“抽象的”；universal“普遍的，全球的”。‎ ‎9．(2016·浙江高考)A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, ________ if you are travelling at high speed.‎ A．eventually B．strangely C．merely D．especially 解析：选D　句意：突然停止可能是一个可怕的经历，尤其是当你高速行进的时候。especially“特别地，尤其地”，符合语境。eventually“最终”；strangely“奇怪地”；merely“仅仅地”。 ‎ 常考点三：倍数表达法 ‎10．(安徽高考)It's said that the power plant is now ________ large as what it was.‎ A．twice as B．as twice C．twice much D．much twice 解析：选A　句意：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数表达法有多种，此处考查的是“倍数词＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋其他”结构，故选A。‎ 常考点四：形容词作状语 ‎11．After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ________.‎ A．hungry and tiredly B．hungry and tired C．hungrily and tiredly D．hungrily and tired 解析：选B　句意：经过长途跋涉后，这三个人回到家，又累又饿。此处形容词短语作状语，表示主语的状态，故选B项。‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1．If you want to try out some new learning methods, you'd better select those that are most ________ for your own style.‎ A．adequate　　　　　　　 B．appropriate C．arbitrary D．apparent 解析：选B　句意：如果你想尝试一些新的学习方法，你最好选择那些最适合你自己风 格的方法。adequate意为“充足的”；appropriate意为“适当的”；arbitrary意为“任意的”；apparent意为“显然的”。根据句意可知应选B项。‎ ‎2．Elibraries are more and more popular in that they give us access to books when we are unable to ________ get to a library.‎ A．voluntarily B．accidentally C．appropriately D．physically 解析：选D　句意：电子图书馆之所以越来越受欢迎，是因为当我们本人去不了图书馆时，电子图书馆给了我们接触书籍的机会。voluntarily意为“自愿地”；accidentally意为“意外地”；appropriately意为“合适地”；physically意为“身体上地”。根据题意可知应选D项。‎ ‎3．Lots of artists tend to believe that nature is not only all that is ________ to the eye but it also includes the inner pictures of the soul.‎ A．relevant B．visible C．similar D．close 解析：选B　句意：很多艺术家相信，自然不仅是人们眼前所见的，也包含了对灵魂的内在描绘。relevant意为“相关的”；visible意为“看得见的”；similar意为“相似的”；close意为“紧密的”。根据句意，选择B项。‎ ‎4．The expanding population will form a heavy burden to education and public welfare, and ________ to the social stability.‎ A．frequently B．significantly C．occasionally D．consequently 解析：选D　句意：急剧增长的人口数量将给教育和公共福利带来巨大的负担，也因此给社会稳定带来负担。frequently意为“时常，频繁”；significantly意为“重要地”；occasionally意为“偶尔”；consequently意为“因此”。分析句子可知此处表达因果关系。故选D项。‎ ‎5．(2018·无锡高三期中)These computers don't work ________； they are connected with each other, so everyone can reach his friend's computer.‎ A．partly B．briefly C．separately D．automatically 解析：选C　句意：这些电脑不是单独工作，它们互相连接着，所以每个人都能进入朋友的电脑。partly表示“部分地”；briefly表示“简要地”；separately“单独地；分别地”；automatically表示“自动地”。根据句意可知选C。‎ ‎6．(2018·盐城高三模拟)The poet ________ described the peaceful Rocky Mountain and the beautiful Mississippi River in his newlypublished poetry.‎ A．aggressively B．vividly C．desperately D．controversially 解析：选B　句意：在这个诗人新出版的诗歌中，他生动地描述了宁静的落基山脉和美丽的密西西比河。vividly“生动地”，符合句意。aggressively“好斗地；侵略地”；desperately“拼命地；绝望地”；controversially“引起争议地”。‎ ‎7．(2018·苏州高三模拟)To promote a correct understanding of the Basic Law, we need the courage to clarify some ________ points of view and to put the system into practice. ‎ A．artificial B．arbitrary C．ambiguous D．absolute 解析：选C　句意：为了促进对基本法的正确认识，我们需要勇气去澄清一些模棱两可的观点，并且将这个制度付诸实践。ambiguous“模棱两可的”，符合语境。artificial“人造的，仿造的”；arbitrary“任意的；武断的；专制的”；absolute“绝对的；完全的”。‎ ‎8．(2018·南京、盐城、连云港高三模拟) —Iris is always kind and ________ to the suffering of others. ‎ ‎—No wonder she chooses to be a relief worker.‎ A．allergic B．immune C．relevant D．sensitive 解析：选D　句意：“艾丽斯总是很善良，对别人的痛苦体察入微。”“难怪她选择成为一名救援工作者。”be sensitive to“对……感到敏感”，符合语境。be allergic to“对……过敏”；be immune to“对……有免疫力；不受……的影响”；be relevant to“和……相关”。‎ Ⅱ.补全句子 ‎1．Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's, but it_cost_twice_more_than_his (花了他两倍的价钱)．‎ ‎2．How fancy! I can't_think_of_a_better_word (想不出比这更好的词) to describe the scene.‎ ‎3．Student loans are supposed to provide financial support for the students who would otherwise_not_be_able_to_go_to_college (否则不能上大学)．‎ ‎4．After many trials and failures, the farmer eventually_built_a_homemade_plane (终于造成了一架自制飞机) that successfully got off the ground.‎ ‎5．The girl failed in the beauty contest and went_home_upset (闷闷不乐地回家了)．‎