【英语】2020届英语二轮复习600分冲刺优练：专题4第2讲语法填空学案 18页

第一编　专题四　第2讲 ‎[层级一　真题题组]‎ A ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ According to a review of evidence in a medical journal，runners live three years _1.longer__(long) than non－runners.You don't have to run fast or for long _2.to_see__(see) the benefit.You may drink，smoke，be overweight and still reduce your risk of _3.dying__(die) early by running.‎ While running regularly can't make you live forever，the review says it _4.is__(be) more effective at lengthening life _5.than__ walking，cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _6.that/which__ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all _7.causes__(cause)．‎ The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.But otherwise it's probably running.To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to _8.strengthen__(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap，easy and it's always _9.energetic__(energy)．If you are time poor，you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports，so perhaps we should all give _10.running/it__ a try.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑步的益处，号召我们尝试一下这种运动方式。‎ ‎1．解析：考查副词的比较级。句中的than是比较级的标志，故填long的比较级longer。‎ ‎2．解析：考查非谓语动词。此句意为“你不必跑得很快，也不必跑很长时间就见到效果”，不定式短语to see the benefit作目的状语。‎ ‎3．解析：考查非谓语动词。介词of后接动词时要用其动名词形式。‎ ‎4．解析：考查时态和主谓一致。根据语境知这里用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数形式，故谓语动词用is。‎ ‎5．解析：考查介词。根据句中的比较级more effective可知，这里是把running与walking，cycling，swimming进行比较，故填than。‎ ‎6．解析：考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指物的a study，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词that或which。‎ ‎7．解析：考查名词复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。‎ ‎8．解析：考查词性转换之名词变动词。此处不定式短语作目的状语，故填strength的动词形式strengthen。‎ ‎9．解析：考查词性转换之名词变形容词。连系动词is后接形容词作表语，故填energy的形容词形式energetic。‎ ‎10．解析：考查名词或代词。此处号召我们尝试一下这种运动，因此可以填名词running，也可以用it指代。give sth.a try尝试一下某事。‎ B ‎(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop.Since 2011，the country _1.has_grown__(grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _2.the__ past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.‎ A taste for meat is _3.actually__(actual) behind the change：An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens，pigs，and cattle.Another reason for corn's rise：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice _4.to_improve__(improve) water quality.Corn uses less water _5.than__ rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥) runoff.This switch has decreased _6.pollution__(pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.‎ According to the World Bank，China accounts for about 30 percent of total _7.global__(globe) fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government _8.started__(start) a soil－testing program _9.that/which__ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China's approach to protecting its environment while _10.feeding__(feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。中国近年来根据人们的膳食变化调整农作物种植结构，为全球生态环境保护做出了贡献。‎ ‎1．解析：考查时态和主谓一致。由时间状语since 2011可知句子用现在完成时，主语the country是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用has grown。‎ ‎2．解析：考查固定搭配中的定冠词。over the past 25 years在过去的25年里。‎ ‎3．解析：考查词性转换之形容词变为副词。修饰be behind the change用形容词actual的副词形式actually。‎ ‎4．解析：考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。此处表示“政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是水稻来改善水质”，故用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎5．解析：考查介词。由句中的比较级less可知，此处将玉米和水稻进行比较，故填than。‎ ‎6．解析：考查词性转换之动词变为名词。decrease“降低，减少”，后接名词作宾语，pollute的名词形式是pollution。‎ ‎7．解析：考查词性转换之名词变为形容词。修饰名词短语fertilizer consumption应用形容词，名词globe的形容词形式是global。‎ ‎8．解析：考查时态。由2005可知事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，故谓语动词用start的过去式started。‎ ‎9．解析：考查引导定语从句的关系代词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰指物的a soil－testing program且在从句中作主语，故用that或which。‎ ‎10．解析：考查非谓语动词之现在分词。China与feed是主动关系，所以用“连词＋现在分词”形式作状语。‎ C ‎(2018·11月浙江高考)‎ The Caffeine Catch Caffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply.You probably _1.have_been_using/have_used__(use) caffeine since childhood.Caffeine _2.was__(be)in your first Coke. If you ever enjoyed a chocolate bar, you ate caffeine. Soft drinks are the major source (来源) of caffeine for most children and even some adults._3.Recently__(recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other flavored drinks.‎ Small amounts of caffeine—a cup _4.or__ two of coffee a day—seem safe for most people. However，some people have trouble with even small amounts. One cup of coffee _5.in__ the late afternoon or evening will cause _6.them__(they) to stay awake almost all night. Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem _7.called__(call) caffeinism. You get very nervous and you can't sleep.‎ It is possible _8.that__ caffeine may cause birth defects (缺陷) in humans, too.One study showed that _9.women__(woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely _10.to_have__(have) children with birth defects.‎ 文章大意：这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了咖啡因对人类健康的影响。‎ ‎1．解析：考查动词的时态。根据下文中的“since childhood”可知，此处应用现在完成进行时或现在完成时，故填have been using/have used。‎ ‎2．解析：考查主谓一致。根据上下文内容以及空处所在句中的“in your first Coke”可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事，且主语是不可数名词Caffeine，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填was。‎ ‎3．解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词修饰整个句子，故填recent的副词形式。‎ ‎4．解析：考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在一天一杯或两杯咖啡”，故此处应用or“或者”。‎ ‎5．解析：考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在一天下午的晚些时候或晚上”，故此处应用介词in。‎ ‎6．解析：考查代词。分析句子结构可知，空处作宾语，故用they的宾格形式。‎ ‎7．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处call与problem之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故填其过去分词形式。‎ ‎8．解析：考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处It作形式主语，真正的主语是空处引导的从句，且空处在从句中不作成分，故填that。‎ ‎9．解析：考查名词的单数。根据下文中的“they were”和“were”可推知，此处应用其复数形式women。‎ ‎10．解析：考查固定用法。根据“were more likely”可知，其后应接动词不定式。be likely to do sth.“很可能做某事”为固定用法。‎ D ‎(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)_1.as__ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side _2.effects__(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.‎ ‎ Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required _3.to_process__(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt _4.are_removed__(remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.As _5.a__ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even _6.worse__(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food _7.is__ (be) full of fat and salt; by _8.eating__ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However, be _9.careful__(care) not to go to extremes.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, _10.which__ is not good for the health.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了一种低脂肪、低盐的饮食趋势及其对人们健康的影响。‎ ‎1．解析：考查介词。分析句子结构可知，此处在句中作状语，表示“作为一种抵御心脏病的方式”，所以填as，意为“作为”。‎ ‎2．解析：考查名词复数。这种趋势产生了一些意想不到的副作用。根据空前的“some”及空后的“such as overweight and heart disease”‎ 可知，此处指不止一种副作用，故用名词复数形式effects。‎ ‎3．解析：考查非谓语动词。be required to do sth.为固定用法。‎ ‎4．解析：考查时态和语态。本文的主体时态为一般现在时，此处亦应用一般现在时；又fat and salt是动词remove的承受者，应用被动语态。所以此处填are removed。‎ ‎5．解析：考查冠词。as a result为固定搭配，意为“结果”。‎ ‎6．解析：考查比较级。短语even worse意为“更糟糕的是”，表示意义的递进。故用worse。‎ ‎7．解析：考查时态和主谓一致。此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，该句缺少谓语动词，又因主语为fast food，故填is。‎ ‎8．解析：考查非谓语动词。介词by后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故填eating。‎ ‎9．解析：考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。‎ ‎10．解析：考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，空处指代前句的内容，且在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。‎ E ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia's biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top _1.attraction__(attract)．‎ So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not－for－profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I _2.was_allowed__(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 600－acre centre.From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be _3.officially__(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back _4.to__my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, _5.when__I was the first Western TV reporter _6.permitted__(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include _7.introducing__(introduce) British visitors to the 120－plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ On my recent visit, I held a lively three－month－old twin that had been rejected by _8.its__(it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few _9.days__(day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle－fed，_10.the__other is with mum—she never suspects.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者的成都之旅及其与大熊猫之间的故事。‎ ‎1．解析：考查词性转换。但对于像我一样的游客，熊猫是成都最吸引人的事物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词top可知此处应该填动词attract的名词形式attraction，意为“向往之地，有吸引力的事”。‎ ‎2．解析：考查时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，主语I与动词allow之间存在被动关系，且前一句的“was”表明此处应用一般过去时，故填was allowed。‎ ‎3．解析：考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词，所以填officially。‎ ‎4．解析：考查介词。go back to是固定搭配，意为“追溯到”。‎ ‎5．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when。‎ ‎6．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，permit与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，故填过去分词permitted作后置定语，相当于that/who was permitted。‎ ‎7．解析：考查非谓语动词。动词include后需跟动名词作宾语，所以此空填introducing。‎ ‎8．解析：考查代词。由语境及后面的名词mother可知，此空应该填it的形容词性物主代词its。‎ ‎9．解析：考查名词。由few修饰可数名词复数可知，此空填days。every few days是“每隔几天”的意思。‎ ‎10．解析：考查冠词。这里考查的是one...the other...这一固定搭配，意为“一个……另一个……”。‎ F ‎(2017·浙江卷)‎ Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small _1.carrots__(carrot) and was about to throw them away.But something made her look closer, and she noticed a _2.shiny/shining__(shine) object.Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long－lost wedding ring.‎ Pahlsson screamed _3.so__ loudly that her daughter came running from the house.“She thought I had hurt _4.myself__(I)，”says Pahlsson.‎ Sixteen years _5.earlier__(early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring _6.to_cook__(cook) a meal.When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone.She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't.Pahlsson and her husband _7.searched__(search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing.“I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says.She never replaced it.‎ Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got _8.swept__(sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, _9.where__ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.For Pahlsson, its return was _10.a__ wonder.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。丢失多年的钻戒竟然在主人打理花园时不经意地出现了。这多么令人激动啊！‎ ‎1．解析：考查名词复数。a handful of一把，几个，后接可数名词的复数形式。a handful of carrots几个胡萝卜。‎ ‎2．解析：考查词性转换之动词变为形容词。空格处修饰名词object，故用形容词。shine的形容词形式为shiny或shining，意为“闪闪发光的”。‎ ‎3．解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，so与后面的that构成句型so...that...，意为“如此……以至于……”。so修饰副词loudly。‎ ‎4．解析：考查反身代词。句意为“她原本以为我伤到了自己”。‎ ‎5．解析：考查副词的比较级。sixteen years earlier意为“早在16年前”。‎ ‎6．解析：考查非谓语动词之动词不定式。莉娜当时摘掉钻戒的目的是做饭，故用动词不定式表目的。‎ ‎7．解析：考查时态。该句中but后的turned up使用了过去式，search是与之并列的谓语动词，故也应使用过去式。‎ ‎8．解析：考查get done结构。get swept“被扫掉”。‎ ‎9．解析：考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the garden，且从句缺少地点状语，故用where引导该定语从句。‎ ‎10．解析：考查冠词。a wonder一个奇迹。‎ G ‎(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)‎ Yangshuo，China It was raining lightly when I _1.arrived__(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn't care.A few hours _2.before/earlier___，I'd been at home in Hong Kong，with _3.its__(it) choking smog.Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.‎ I'd skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _4.that/which__are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _5.paintings__(painting)．Instead，I'd headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away _6.by__ car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city.‎ Yangshuo _7.is__ (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers __8.conducted__(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it _9.regularly__ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people __10.living__ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者到中国阳朔游玩的经历和感受。‎ ‎1．解析：句意：就在天亮之前我到了阳朔，天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。‎ ‎2．解析：句意：几个小时前，我还在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago。‎ ‎3．解析：句意：带着窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its。‎ ‎4．解析：句意：漓江被许多艺术家所绘画。先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。‎ ‎5．解析：句意：在如此多的中国绘画中。painting为可数名词，注意用复数形式。‎ ‎6．解析：句意：乘汽车只需要1个小时。by car乘汽车。‎ ‎7．解析：句意：阳朔真的很漂亮。这里用一般现在时。 ‎ ‎8．解析：句意：一项网站所进行的调查。过去分词作后置定语，表示被动关系。‎ ‎9．解析：句意：定期为人们安排这里适合旅行的地方。用副词修饰动词。‎ ‎10．解析：句意：住在上海和香港的人们。现在分词作后置定语。‎ H ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)‎ If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of_1.greater__(great) and less importance.Then, handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of_2.achievement__ (achieve)．Leaving the less important things until tomorrow_3.is__ (be) often acceptable.‎ Most of us are more focused_4.on__ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So, get an early start and try to be as productive_5.as__ possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.‎ Recent_6.studies__ (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks_7.regularly__ (regular)．Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for_8.a__ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.‎ If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you'll be less likely_9.to_bring__(bring) your work home.It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is，_10.make__ (make) sure it's a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.‎ 文章大意：本文为说明文。本文主要介绍了缓解工作中的压力的一些方法。‎ ‎1．解析：考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的“and less importance”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级来修饰importance，故填greater。‎ ‎2．解析：考查词性转换。首先处理最重要的工作以便你能感到一种真实的成就感。介词后接名词，a real sense of achievement意为“一种真实的成就感”。‎ ‎3．解析：考查主谓一致和时态。把不太重要的事情留到明天通常是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知，该句中的主语为动名词短语“Leaving the less important things until tomorrow”，故谓语动词为第三人称单数形式，且全文的基本时态为一般现在时。故填is。‎ ‎4．解析：考查介词。我们中的大多数人在早上的时候会比我们在一天中的晚些时候更加集中于我们的工作。固定短语be focused on意为“集中于……。”故填on。‎ ‎5．解析：考查连词。因此，早点儿开始并且在午饭前要尽可能高效。固定结构as...as possible意为“尽可能……”。‎ ‎6．解析：‎ 考查名词复数。最新的研究表明，如果我们有规律地短暂休息的话，我们在工作中会变得高效得多。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词为show，为复数形式，且study作“研究，调查”讲时为可数名词，故主语应为复数。故填studies。‎ ‎7．解析：考查词性转换。副词修饰谓语动词take，故填regularly“有规律地”。‎ ‎8．解析：考查冠词。固定短语for a while意为“一会儿”。‎ ‎9．解析：考查非谓语动词。固定短语be likely to do sth.意为“可能做某事”，故填to bring。‎ ‎10．解析：考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中，whatever引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。‎ ‎[层级二　模拟题组]‎ ‎1‎ ‎(2019·南昌市二模)‎ Ballet is a formal kind of dance performance with a rich and interesting history. The word “ballet” comes from the French language, and _1.is__(be) based on the Italian word“balletto”. “Balletto” means a little dance. Ballet's early roots began in Italy in the late 1400s. But it was in France _2.that__ballet developed into the form we know today.‎ The French ruler Louis the Fourteenth had a big influence __3.on/upon__ the direction of ballet in its early history. He ruled France for seventy－two years，_4.starting__(start) in 1643.He started dancing as a boy and worked hard daily.‎ Louis the Fourteenth turned ballet into a form of dance that reflected _5.his__(he)power and influence. Ballet's many rules and _6.extremely__(extreme) detailed movements expressed a person's power and social relations.The king made sure that ballet became a _7.requirement__(require) for the people of his court.He also started the Royal Academy of Dance，_8.where__important people could learn this art. The aim of this dance was self－control, order and perfection.‎ Ballet slowly changed from a dance at the king's court to one __9.performed__(perform)by professional dancers. When Louis the Fourteenth died in 1715, ballet _10.was_brought__(bring) to other parts of Europe and was developing in other ways.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。芭蕾舞的发展经历了一段有趣的历史，法国国王路易十四将芭蕾舞列为宫廷艺术，并制定了严格的规则；路易十四去世后，芭蕾舞开始在欧洲传播开来。‎ ‎1．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句的主语The word “ballet”为单数，且本句前半句用的是一般现在时，此处也应用一般现在时，故填is。‎ ‎2．解析：考查强调句型。此处考查“It was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他部分”强调句型，此处强调地点状语“in France”。‎ ‎3．解析：考查介词。influence意为“影响”，其后接on/upon表示“对……有影响”。‎ ‎4．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词start和其逻辑主语“He”‎ 构成主谓关系，故用start的现在分词形式。‎ ‎5．解析：考查代词。根据语境及空后的名词短语“power and influence”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词his。‎ ‎6．解析：考查词形转换。修饰形容词“detailed”要用副词extremely。‎ ‎7．解析：考查名词。根据该空前的冠词“a”并结合语境可知，此处应填名词形式。‎ ‎8．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the Royal Academy of Dance”，引导词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该从句。‎ ‎9．解析：考查过去分词。根据空后的“by professional dancers”可知，此处表示被专业舞者表演。故填performed。‎ ‎10．解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据该句中的“in 1715”可知，此处应用一般过去时，且此处表示路易十四去世后，芭蕾舞被传播到欧洲其他地方。故填was brought。‎ ‎2‎ ‎(2019·武汉市4月调测)‎ On January 25,2020，over a billion people in China and millions around the world will celebrate the Chinese New Year，or the Spring Festival.The ancient tradition，_1.whose__ date is determined by the lunar calendar and falls somewhere between January 21 and February 20 each year, is the _2.longest__(long) and most important of all Chinese festivals.‎ The preparations will _3.officially__(official) begin with Little New Year on January 17,2020. It is observed with a day of memorial ceremonies.Other Little New Year activities include cleaning the house _4.to_sweep__(sweep) away bad luck and hanging spring couplets—red decorations hung in pairs—for wealth. Since red _5.is_believed__(believe) to keep misfortune and evil spirits away, it can be noticed in everything from clothing to _6.lanterns__(lantern) used to decorate houses.‎ Often _7.considered__(consider) the most important meal of the year, the reunion dinner is both delicious and rooted in Chinese tradition._8.A__ whole chicken symbolizes family togetherness，while long uncut noodles show longevity (长寿)．Wealth is represented by dumplings and spring rolls. Children receive red envelopes filled _9.with__ money and inspiring messages from elders and are often allowed to stay up late to watch the _10.amazing__(amaze) fireworks shows.‎ The two－week long celebrations will end on February 8—the day of the full moon—with the Lantern Festival.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了中国的传统节日春节的相关内容。‎ ‎1．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句是一个非限制性定语从句，空处在从句中作定语，先行词为“The ancient tradition”，空处与“date”为所属关系，故用whose引导该从句。‎ ‎2．解析：考查形容词的最高级。根据语境和空前的“the”及空后的“most important”‎ 可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词的最高级。‎ ‎3．解析：考查副词。分析句子成分可知，此处应用副词officially修饰动词begin，在句子中作状语。‎ ‎4．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境并分析句子结构可知，此处是不定式作目的状语，故填to sweep。‎ ‎5．解析：考查动词的语态、时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处是“sth.be believed to do sth.”句型，应用被动形式；此处为一般性描述，故应用一般现在时；且主语red为第三人称单数，故填is believed。‎ ‎6．解析：考查名词的单复数。lantern是可数名词，且其前无限定词，故用其复数形式。‎ ‎7．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，consider和其逻辑主语“the reunion dinner”构成动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。‎ ‎8．解析：考查冠词。chicken“鸡”是可数名词，第一次在文中出现，句子的谓语动词为单数形式，且whole的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词A。‎ ‎9．解析：考查介词。固定词组搭配be filled with...意为“充满……”，符合语境，故填介词with。‎ ‎10．解析：考查词形转换。根据空前的“the”和空后的名词词组“fireworks shows”可知，此处应用形容词修饰其后的名词词组“fireworks shows”。故填amazing“令人惊叹的”。‎ ‎3‎ ‎(2019·太原市期末)‎ Birth order，whether you are an older，middle or younger child in your family，affects your career path as well as personality，a new study shows.‎ ‎_1.To_reach__(reach) their conclusions，researchers studied many successful people from different career groups.One of the most important _2.discoveries__(discover) is that middle children are more likely to become CEOs than other children.Among them _3.is__(be) Mark Zuckerberg.The reason could be that they are more _4.competitive__(competition) and flexible to fight for attention from the parents，_5.which__ makes them fit for high－flying roles._6.It__is claimed that consideration of others and high levels of management are required.‎ Interestingly，they found the _7.majority__(major) of astronauts are eldest children，the _8.first__(one) born children in the family.While youngest children were found to be more likely to have careers in classical music，because they are _9.possibly__(possible) more sensitive and romantic.As for only children，the study suggests they are more likely to become artists due _10.to__their personality of doing things perfectly and maturely.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一项有关出生顺序与职业道路之间关系的研究的研究及其结论。‎ ‎1．解析：‎ 考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，为了得出结论，研究者们调查了很多来自不同职业群体的成功人士。此处表示目的，故填To reach。‎ ‎2．解析：考查词形转换。根据空前的“One of the most important”可知，空处应用名词的复数形式，故填discoveries。‎ ‎3．解析：考查主谓一致和时态。根据空后的“Mark Zuckerberg”可知，空处应用单数形式；又此处是一般性描述，应用一般现在时。故填is。‎ ‎4．解析：考查词形转换。根据空后的and可知，空处与“flexible”并列，词性相同，故填competitive。‎ ‎5．解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面的“they are more...from the parents”，故用which来引导该从句。‎ ‎6．解析：考查固定用法。It is claimed that“据说”是固定用法。‎ ‎7．解析：考查词形转换。根据本句的句意，以及空前的“the”和空后的“of astronauts”可知，空处应填major的名词形式majority。the majority of表示“大多数”。‎ ‎8．解析：考查序数词。根据本句中的“are eldest children”可知，此处指大多数宇航员都是家中年龄最大的孩子，即家中第一个出生的孩子，故应填first。‎ ‎9．解析：考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的形容词比较级结构“more sensitive and romantic”，故应用possible的副词形式possibly。‎ ‎10．解析：考查固定搭配。根据语境可知，此处表示至于独生子女，该研究表明，由于他们做事情完美且成熟的个性，他们更可能成为艺术家。due to“由于，因为”是固定短语。‎ ‎4‎ ‎(2019·石家庄市一模)‎ A material can be really special when it was named after the place where it _1.was_created__(create) originally. That's certainly the case _2.with__ china. And of all types of china, white porcelain(瓷) is among the most famous.‎ Nowadays, the _3.traditional__(tradition) material has taken on a modern look in the _4.hands__(hand) of four Chinese artists in the Modern White Porcelain Exhibition. And the key word here is “modern”. One of the works _5.is__(be) a porcelain boat.But look _6.attentively__(attentive) and you'll see that the boat _7.built__(build) with porcelain looks like a takeout box.Inside the boat is a statue of a baby. The baby stands for humans and the boat is _8.what__ supports life. It suggests we may have done some damage to _9.the__ environment and that we're treating life like fast food.‎ All the four artists gave white porcelain a modern style，each in _10.their__(they) own way. And this is what the exhibition's theme comes from. It's a dialogue between the past and the present.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了白瓷的现代艺术风格的相关内容。‎ ‎1．解析：考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据该句中的“was”‎ 和句意可知，该空用一般过去时；空前的“it”指代“A material”和动词create之间为被动关系，且是第三人称单数，故填was created。‎ ‎2．解析：考查介词。该句意为：对于瓷器就是这样的例子。with“关于，对于”符合语境，故用with。‎ ‎3．解析：考查形容词。形容词可修饰名词，根据空后的名词“material”可知，空处用形容词traditional修饰该名词。‎ ‎4．解析：考查名词的单复数。hand为可数名词，根据该句中的“of four Chinese artists”可知，该处应用其复数形式。‎ ‎5．解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处是客观性描述，故用一般现在时；该句主语为“One of the works”，为第三人称单数形式，故填is。‎ ‎6．解析：考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故此处应用副词attentively修饰动词look。‎ ‎7．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，the boat和动词build之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词built。‎ ‎8．解析：考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，在该从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”，故用what引导该表语从句。‎ ‎9．解析：考查冠词。该句意为：它表明，我们可能已经对自然环境造成了一些破坏，而且我们对待生命就像对待快餐一样。根据句意可知，该处特指自然环境，故用定冠词the。‎ ‎10．解析：考查代词。根据该句主语“All the four artists”可知，此处表示“以他们自己的方式”，故填their。‎ ‎5‎ ‎(2019·郑州市二模)‎ Zhou Shihao, 17, from Shanghai Yichuan High School，was shocked by the statistics he had found._1.When/While/As__ he was looking into the use of cellphones by drivers, he found that more than 30% of them reached for their cellphones on the road.‎ ‎“Any use of handheld devices (设备) should be _2.firmly__(firm) forbidden while driving，” said Zhou.“It's not a daily chore, but a serious social issue.”‎ The teenager's concerns led to his drafting a proposal on this issue—something _3.that__ he did together with five other schoolmates in the Mock Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference competition in the Putuo District of Shanghai.‎ Zhou and his schoolmates were not alone. In January，many Shanghai youngsters, even elementary school students, took part in Mock CPPCC competitions _4.held__(hold) in their local districts and handed in proposals on issues ranging from network security and the future city to the protection of _5.traditional__(tradition) culture.‎ ‎“The competition really encourages us students to focus on social issues and play an active role _6.in__ taking responsibility for our country，”said Zhang Simin,17, from Shanghai ‎ Nanyang High School.‎ The senior student used to think that the handling of state affairs was just for politicians. But thinking on the“ 3：30 problem” changed her mind.‎ Kids usually finish school at 3：30. However, most parents work until 6：00, _7.making__(make)it hard for them to pick kids up.“This is a problem we've all been through，” said Zhang.‎ To help students，Zhang's school _8.invited__(invite) deputies to the National People's Congress to give students instruction.‎ ‎“Thanks to the deputies, we finally understand it's not who is to blame that _9.matters__(matter), but finding the best solution，” said Zhang.‎ ‎“The competition aims to encourage a sense of citizenship among China's Post－00s generation，” said Xia Jing, a teacher from Shanghai Jinyuan Senior High School. “Through this channel, students can let their _10.voices__(voice) be heard.”‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。上海市宜川中学的学生周世豪和他的同学一起参加了上海普陀区的模拟政协会议比赛，并提交了一份关于开车时使用手持设备问题的提案。这种比赛促使学生更加关注社会问题。‎ ‎1．解析：考查状语从句。该句意为：当他调查司机使用手机的情况时，他发现30%以上的司机在路上会伸手拿手机。根据句意并结合空后的“he was looking into”可知，空处表示“当……时”，故可知答案。‎ ‎2．解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词forbidden，作状语，表示“坚决禁止”，故用副词firmly。‎ ‎3．解析：考查定语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作及物动词did的宾语，修饰先行词something，something是不定代词，故用that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎4．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词hold与其逻辑主语“Mock CPPCC competitions”之间为动宾关系，故用其过去分词形式作后置定语。‎ ‎5．解析：考查形容词。根据空前的“the protection of”和空后的名词“culture”可知，应用tradition的形容词形式。‎ ‎6．解析：考查固定搭配。play an active role in...为固定搭配，意为“在……中发挥积极的作用”。‎ ‎7．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，空处作状语，表示结果，故用现在分词形式。‎ ‎8．解析：考查动词的时态。根据语境可知，该句陈述的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．解析：考查主谓一致。分析该句结构可知，此处为强调句型，that指代who is to ‎ blame，在从句中作主语，为第三人称单数形式，故填matters。‎ ‎10．解析：考查名词的单复数。该句意为：通过这一渠道，学生们能让人们听到他们的呼声。voice表示“意见，呼声”时，为可数名词，根据该句中的“students”和“their”并结合句意可知，该处应用名词voice的复数形式voices。‎ ‎6‎ ‎(2019·山东省、湖北省部分重点中学二模)‎ ‎“Nothing can make our lives，or the lives of other people，more _1.pleasant__(please) than kindness.” I remembered the sentence again after practicing a small act.‎ Just inside the entrance of a building today I saw a woman _2.seated__(seat) in a wheelchair in front of me. Not _3.in__ a hurry, I didn't want to disturb her so I stayed behind. She asked me to push the button for the lift after being aware of my _4.presence__(present). Walking by her to the lift, I pressed the button and the lift came immediately. She asked me to hold the lift as it would take her some time _5.to_walk__(walk) that short distance.‎ I was more than glad to do this, but panic _6.rose__(rise) inside me at the same time. The “open” and “close” symbols on many lifts often don't have the _7.words__(word) “open” and “close” and I often press the wrong button._8.Thankfully__(thankful) besides the symbol, it also said open, so I was able to press the correct button and told her to take her time getting on. I didn't press the close button _9.until__ she steadied herself in the lift.‎ She thanked me and I wished her a blessed day.As _10.a__ matter of fact, the process took me only five minutes but I felt warm inside afterwards.‎ 文章大意：这是一篇记叙文，该文讲述了主人公坐电梯时帮一位坐在轮椅上的女士按电梯按钮，并让电梯门开着等她上电梯的故事。‎ ‎1．解析：考查形容词。没有什么比善良能使我们的生活或其他人的生活更愉快的。根据句意可知，空处应填形容词pleasant“令人愉快的”。‎ ‎2．解析：考查非谓语动词。本空提示词seat是使役动词，表示“使坐下”，这里用过去分词作宾补表示状态。‎ ‎3．解析：考查介词。这里用短语in a hurry表示“赶时间”，因此本空填介词in。‎ ‎4．解析：考查名词。根据前面的my可知，这里填提示词的名词形式presence，其作宾语表示“在场”。‎ ‎5．解析：考查非谓语动词。从句子结构看，句中为固定句式it takes.sb.some time to do sth.，因此填动词不定式。‎ ‎6．解析：考查时态。与全文的叙述一致，这里讲述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时。‎ ‎7．解析：考查名词的数。根据后面的“open”“close”可知，此处指两个单词，故用word的复数形式。‎ ‎8．解析：考查副词。这里用提示词的副词形式作状语表示“幸好，幸亏”。‎ ‎9．解析：考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知，本句是not...until...句型，表示“直到……才……”。‎ ‎10．解析：考查冠词。as a matter of fact“事实上”，为固定结构，故填不定冠词a。‎ ‎7‎ ‎(2019·洛阳市二模)‎ My mom was a nurse and often took me along to visit the _1.families__(family)she was caring for, including one who had a series of strokes (中风) and was bedridden. One afternoon Mom told me that we needed to visit the woman _2.to_give__(give)her medications, and that we would stop at a store _3.on__ the way. I thought we would stop at a drugstore, but we pulled up to a shopping mall.‎ My mom _4.headed__(head) to the perfume (香水) counter and bought the most expensive bottle they offered. She also bought a beautiful nightdress. When I asked her who they were for, she said they were for her patient. She _5.further__(far) explained although this woman was old and bedridden, she was still a lady, and _6.the__ old deserved to be treated with respect and grace. When _7.caring__(care)for someone, we should look past the disability or the illness and look into the soul of the human, so we can connect them with sympathy. I soon realized that my mom's greatest _8.strength__(strong)was taking care of those who cannot advocate for _9.themselves__(they) and need trustworthy care providers. That's _10.why__ I wanted to become a doctor.‎ 文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。妈妈经常带“我”去看望她的病人。她不仅关心病人的身体，还关心病人的心理健康。在妈妈的影响下，“我”想成为一名医生。‎ ‎1．解析：考查名词的单复数。根据下文中的“including one”并结合语境可知，病人不止一个，涉及不同的家庭，故填families。‎ ‎2．解析：考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式，故填to give。‎ ‎3．解析：考查介词。on the way意为“在路上”，为固定用法，故填on。‎ ‎4．解析：考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“bought”可知，此处描述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故填headed。‎ ‎5．解析：考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，“我”不明白妈妈为什么这么做，所以妈妈进一步解释给我听。故填further。‎ ‎6．解析：考查冠词。“the＋某些形容词”表示一类人，the old表示“老年人”。故填the。‎ ‎7．解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为分词短语作时间状语，care和其逻辑主语we是主谓关系，应用现在分词，故填caring。‎ ‎8．解析：考查词形转换。根据前面的形容词最高级“greatest”和空后的“was”‎ 可知，空处应用名词，故填strength。‎ ‎9．解析：考查代词。此处作for的宾语，表示“为他们自己”，故填themselves。‎ ‎10．解析：考查名词性从句。句意：那就是我想要成为一名医生的原因。That's why...表示“那就是……的原因”。故填why。‎ ‎8‎ ‎(2019·安徽省重点中学盟校联合模拟)‎ Each time I take the underground I find myself _1.surrounded__(surround) by dozens of passengers playing smartphones. They almost won't even give a glance at the outside world. You may think it is normal to play smartphones _2.to_kill__(kill) time.What's worse, when I talk with some of my friends, they talk as playing, which is really an _3.annoyance__(annoy)．‎ I really miss the old days when I _4.chatted__(chat) with some passengers on the train. Now things are different. Everyone just concentrates _5.on__ their smartphones. When talking with them，_6.it__ seems that you are disturbing their playing smartphones. I could not just blame them for I am moving to be one like them. Sometimes I just feel we _7.largely__(large) ignore our neighbors and want to keep in touch with _8.distant__(distance) strangers through the Internet. We care about the things far away but pay no attention to the needs nearby._9.How__ ridiculous the situation is! In a way we _10.are_controlled__(control) by smartphones now. Are you experiencing the same situation like me? Do you have any ways to avoid that?‎ 文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章，讲述了如今人们“手机控”的现象，作者呼吁人们多关注身边的人，不要被手机控制。‎ ‎1．解析：考查过去分词。本句考查了“find sb.＋宾补”的结构，myself与surround是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词作宾补。‎ ‎2．解析：考查不定式。本句中it是形式主语，真正主语是to play smartphones，此处应用不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎3．解析：考查名词。这真是一件令人生气的事。句中缺少名词作表语，故用annoy的名词形式，表示“使人烦恼的事，令人生气的事物”。‎ ‎4．解析：考查时态。依据句中的the old days可知，此处描述发生在过去的事情，用一般过去时。注意：chat要双写t再加－ed。‎ ‎5．解析：考查介词。每个人只把注意力放在自己的手机上。concentrate on...“集中(注意力)于……，聚精会神于……”。‎ ‎6．解析：考查代词。本句考查了“it seems that...”句式。‎ ‎7．解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词ignore，因此用副词，意为“在很大程度上”。‎ ‎8．解析：考查形容词。由句意和空后的名词可以推断出此处用形容词作定语，distant“遥远的”。‎ ‎9．解析：‎ 考查副词。空处修饰形容词ridiculous，该句为How引导的感叹句型：How＋形容词＋主语＋谓语。‎ ‎10．解析：考查时态和语态。在某种程度上，我们现在被手机控制了。we与control是被动关系，再结合后面的now可知，此处应用are controlled。‎