【英语】2021届新高考英语一轮复习课后达标检测北师大版：必修4Unit12　CultureShock作业 11页

课时练1　2篇阅读＋1篇完形 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2020·洛阳第二次统考)There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.‎ On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.‎ Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.‎ We should embrace our heritage(传统) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。‎ ‎1．What’s the function of food mentioned in the text?‎ A．To help motivate homesickness.‎ B．To show national identity.‎ C．To reflect a country’s history.‎ D．To show a community’s superiority.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二、三句“On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are.”，再根据第二段的内容，尤其是第二句“It also operates as an expression of culture identity.”可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是显示国家身份。‎ ‎2．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A．The specific traditional food.‎ B．The national culture.‎ C．A traditional expression of food.‎ D．The oldfashioned taste.‎ A　解析：代词指代题。通读第二段可知，传统食物是文化的一个重要部分，它显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪儿都带着它，它象征着对自己文化的骄傲，也是处理乡愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代传统食物。‎ ‎3．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant?‎ A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.‎ B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.‎ C．To make the dishes popular among customers.‎ D．To present their own food culture in a new way.‎ C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是第四、五句“Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.”可知，移民不仅把菜肴卖给来自相同国家的人，还卖给不同国家的人。为了使菜肴受到顾客的欢迎，一些移民不得不对传统的菜肴做一些小小的改变。‎ ‎4．What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures?‎ A．Negative.　 B．Balanced.‎ C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.‎ B　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句“We should embrace our heritage(传统) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food.”可知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，但也应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者对不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度。‎ B ‎(2020·河南六市高三联考)Traveling to a foreign country can make you frightened if you don’t know the local language. Mr. Thibault has a number of tips to help travelers manage in a destination when they don’t speak the native tongue, based on his own experience. Here are a few of them.‎ ‎•Download a Language Translation App Mr. Thibault tends to rely on Google Translate and suggests that travelers find an app that works for them. Ideally, find one that specializes in the language you need to translate especially if the language uses a character set you’re not familiar with, or have difficulty pronouncing.‎ ‎•Speak with Your Hands and Head Pointing with your hands and nodding or shaking your head, Mr. Thibault said, are easy ways to communicate with locals in the country you’re in. “Gestures are all universally understood，” ‎ he said.‎ ‎•Learn a Few Key Words Knowing basic words and phrases like “hello”， “thank you” and “I’m sorry. I don’t speak your language. Do you speak English？” is a must, Mr. Thibault said. Showing that you care enough to learn some of the language before you go, and at least enough to acknowledge that you don’t know more, is a form of respect and will go a long way to be liked by locals.‎ ‎•Work with a Local Travel Agent If you feel particularly uncomfortable in the country you’re headed to, and you have to go anyway, relying on a local travel agent who knows both your and your destination’s languages can be incredibly useful.‎ ‎•Hire a Local Tour Guide A tour guide can help you get a better grasp of the local language and is a good person to practice words and phrases with. Whenever Mr. Thibault visits a new country, he books a sightseeing tour with a guide on the first day of his trip. “I use this day to learn about my destination and get familiar with the language，” he said.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文。文章针对不会说外语的旅行者到国外旅游提出了几条建议，包括下载翻译软件、使用肢体语言、出发前学习关键词、利用当地旅行社的帮助以及雇用当地导游。‎ ‎5．In what situation should a language translation app be applied while traveling abroad?‎ A．When you have trouble pronouncing the words.‎ B．When you want to acknowledge your ignorance.‎ C．When you want to practice the local language.‎ D．When you feel uncomfortable in the country.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“a language translation app”定位至第二段，根据该段第二句“Ideally, find one that specializes in the language you need to translate especially if the language uses a character set you’re not familiar with, or have difficulty pronouncing.”可知，在该语言使用你不熟悉的字符集或者你发音有困难时，你应当下载翻译软件，故A项正确。‎ ‎6．What is the easiest way to communicate with foreigners according to the text?‎ A．Downloading a language translation app.‎ B．Learning a few key words.‎ C．Using body language.‎ D．Working with a guide.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Pointing with your hands and nodding or shaking your head, Mr. Thibault said, are easy ways to communicate with locals in the country ‎ you’re in.”可知，使用双手、点头或摇头，是你和当地人交流的简单的方式；据此可推知，使用肢体语言是与当地人交流最简单的方式，故C项正确。‎ ‎7．How can you better understand the local language?‎ A．By speaking with your hands and head.‎ B．By learning a few key words.‎ C．By downloading a language translation app.‎ D．By hiring a local tour guide.‎ D　解析：细节理解题。根据尾段第一句“A tour guide can help you get a better grasp of the local language and is a good person to practice words and phrases with.”可知，导游可以帮助你更好地掌握当地的语言，而且导游是你与其练习单词和短语的最佳人选，故D项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2020·重庆调研)In a remote village, selling chestnuts was the main source of livelihood for local villagers. In late autumn, the hills were covered by the trees and chestnuts were __1__ from the branches of the trees, which __2__ with the wind attracting local villagers to __3__ them at this time of year.‎ The villagers took the chestnuts, carried them home and __4__ them out. The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them according to their __5__， and then transported them to the city for wholesale or retail. Every villager knew that if they wanted to sell for a good price, what really __6__ was to send the selected chestnuts to the market first. Many families, which were short of __7__， would go to the nearby villages to hire workers with high __8__．‎ Still, to many people’s __9__， there was a young man in the village who could never need help, __10__ he had limited hands. He lived with his blind and old mother. He always arrived at the market one step ahead of the other ones __11__ he could sell out of all the chestnuts and then happily drove back with his truck __12__．‎ The secret of the young man was: after picking chestnuts, he put them __13__ into a sack(麻袋) and carried them to the truck. When he set out, he chose the road, __14__ and bumpy(不平的), to go, __15__ the small ones would jump to the __16__ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag. It would save time for classification and selection. When inquired how he found the way, the young man __17__：“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way. This is not an accident but a(n) __18__ result.”‎ There will always be people who get __19__ or complain when they hear bad news. As a matter of fact, if you use your head, you will be __20__ to the people and things in the environment. When you turn your mind into action to move forward step by step, you can also create a new world for yourself.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了一个年轻人用便捷的方法筛选栗子的故事，进而启迪读者——世上无难事，只怕有心人。‎ ‎1．A.holding B．filling C．planting D．hanging D　解析：根据语境及常识可知，山丘上遍布树木，栗子从树枝上垂下来(hanging)，故选D。‎ ‎2．A.fell B．shook C．jumped D．folded B　解析：根据空后的“with the wind”可推知，栗子随风摇动(shook)，吸引当地的村民们在一年中的这个时候来采摘(pick)，故选B。‎ ‎3．A.enjoy B．view C．seek D．pick D　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎4．A.poured B．took C．thought D．figured A　解析：根据下文中的“The whole family sifted(筛) and sorted them”可推知，村民们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒(poured)出来，然后才能进行筛选和分类，故选A。‎ ‎5．A.shape B．size C．taste D．color B　解析：根据下文中的“the small ones would jump to the ______ of the bag and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，整个家庭根据栗子的大小(size)进行筛选和分类，故选B。‎ ‎6．A.mattered B．cared C．interested D．minded A　解析：根据语境可推知，真正要紧(mattered)的是要把挑选好的栗子先送到市场上去，故选A。‎ ‎7．A.hands B．power C．experience D．ways A　解析：根据下文中的“he had limited hands”可推知，许多家庭在这个时候就会缺少人手，会去附近的村子里以高薪(salary)雇人干活，故选A。‎ ‎8．A.quality B．quantity C．money D．salary D　解析：参见上题解析。‎ ‎9．A.puzzlement B．relief C．astonishment D．delight A　解析：根据上文可知，在栗子收获的季节许多家庭往往缺少人手，并结合下文可知，‎ 这个年轻人从不需要帮忙，由此可推知，这点让很多人困惑(puzzlement)，故选A。‎ ‎10．A.only if B．as if C．even if D．if only C　解析：根据语境可知，即使(even if)这个年轻人人手有限，但他从不需要帮助。‎ ‎11．A.which B．where C．whom D．who B　解析：分析句子结构可知，本句是一个定语从句，空处在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词“the market”，故选B。‎ ‎12．A.full B．filled C．empty D．loaded C　解析：根据空前的“he could sell out of all the chestnuts”可知，他能够卖光自己所有的栗子，然后开心地开着空(empty)卡车回家，故选C。‎ ‎13．A.suddenly B．shortly C．directly D．hurriedly C　解析：根据上文可知，人们把采摘的栗子带回家，倒出来，然后进行筛选和分类，最后才运到市场上卖掉，而这个年轻人直接(directly)把采摘的栗子装进麻袋里，将它们搬上卡车，故选C。‎ ‎14．A.tough B．rough C．regular D．smooth B　解析：由空后的“bumpy”为并列结构可推知，他选择的路是高低不平的(rough)，故选B。‎ ‎15．A.even B．or C．but D．so D　解析：根据语境可知，空处前后表示逻辑上的因果关系，前因后果，故选D。‎ ‎16．A.hole B．tip C．middle D．bottom D　解析：根据下文中的“and the larger ones would stay on the top of the bag”可推知，小些的栗子会快速移动到袋子的底部(bottom)，而大些的栗子会留在上面，故选D。‎ ‎17．A.sighed B．excited C．smiled D．sneezed C　解析：根据空后的内容可推知，这个年轻人当时是微笑(smiled)着(说)的。sigh“叹气”；excite“使激动，使兴奋”；sneeze“打喷嚏”。‎ ‎18．A.unexpected B．necessary C．accidental D．deliberate B　解析：根据该句中的“This is not an accident but”可推知，这并非意外，而是必然的(necessary)结果，故选B。‎ ‎19．A.stricken B．satisfied C．upset D．surprised C　解析：根据空后的“or complain when they hear bad news”可知，此处与“complain”并列，故C项符合语境。‎ ‎20．A.sensitive B．accessible C．relative D．flexible A　解析：根据上文年轻人的回答“If you put your heart into it, you will find the right way.”和本句中的“if you use your head”可推知，A项符合语境。sensitive“敏感的”；accessible“可进入的”；relative“相对的”；flexible“灵活的”。‎ 课时练2　1篇阅读＋1篇七选五＋‎ ‎1篇改错＋1篇书面表达 Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎(2020·滁州高三质检)Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers. Better air quality could lead to a significant extension of lifespans(寿命) around the world.‎ It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.‎ The researchers looked at outdoor air pollution from particulate matter(PM)(颗粒物) smaller than 2.5 microns. These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer. PM 2.5 pollution comes from power plants, cars and trucks, fires, agriculture and industrial emissions(排放物)．‎ Led by Joshua Apte, the team used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study to measure PM 2.5 air pollution exposure and its consequences in 185 countries. They then quantified the national impact on life expectancy for each individual country as well as on a global scale.‎ ‎“The fact that air pollution is a major global killer is already wellknown，” said Apte. “And we all care about how long we can live. Here, we were able to systematically identify how air pollution shortens lives around the world. What we found is that air pollution has a very large effect on survival—on average about a year globally.”‎ In the context of other significant phenomena negatively affecting human survival rates, Apte said this is a big number. “For example, it’s considerably larger than the benefit in survival we might see if we found cures for both lung and breast cancer combined，” he said. “In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially ‎ large. For much of Asia, if air pollution were removed as a risk for death, 60yearolds would have a 15 percent to 20 percent higher chance of living to age 85 or older.”‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，良好的空气质量有益于延长寿命，但是空气污染使得细颗粒物进入人体肺部，导致心脏病、癌症、中风发病率升高，从而影响人的寿命。‎ ‎1．What do we know about PM 2.5?‎ A．It has a bad effect on human health.‎ B．It will be controlled in the future.‎ C．It mainly comes from industrial emissions.‎ D．It spreads to the world from Asian countries.‎ A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“These particulates can enter deep into the lungs, and breathing PM 2.5 is associated with the increased risk of heart attacks, strokes and cancer.”可知，PM 2.5影响人体健康，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．What did the researchers do to study how air pollution affects the lifespan?‎ A．They collected accurate information from all the Asian countries.‎ B．They employed the research data to calculate the effect.‎ C．They studied the disease and lifespan together time and time again.‎ D．They measured particulate matter much more carefully than before.‎ B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“It is the first time that data on air pollution and the lifespan has been studied together in order to check how air pollution affects overall life expectancy.”可知，这是首次将空气污染和寿命数据结合起来研究，以查明空气污染如何影响总体预期寿命。故B项正确。‎ ‎3．What can be inferred from the text?‎ A．The key to people living longer is good air quality.‎ B．People think air pollution is the most dangerous killer to them.‎ C．Apte will agree that people should take action to deal with air pollution.‎ D．Factories should decrease the production of cars to stop air pollution.‎ C　解析：推理判断题。根据尾段的内容，尤其是“In countries like India and China, the benefit for elderly people of improving air quality would be especially large.”可知，Apte认为改善空气质量对老年人有好处。据此可推知，他会同意人们采取措施应对空气污染，故C项正确。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the text?‎ A．The Way Human Beings Enjoy a Longer Lifespan B．The Importance of Getting Rid of Air Pollution C．Asian People Are Suffering from Serious Air Pollution　‎ D．Air Pollution Reduces the Lifespan by More than One Year D　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章第一段第一句“Air pollution shortens human lives by more than a year, according to a new study from a team of leading environmental engineers and public health researchers.”为全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，文章通过介绍科学研究，说明空气污染导致人的寿命减少一年以上。故D项最适合作本文的标题。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎(2020·合肥高三联考)In the super fastpaced world we live in, happiness may not come as easily as we wish. Here are some tips to make us live happily.‎ Don’t avoid or ignore negativity.‎ ‎1．________ This can include people in your life who may be bringing you down, a hostile workplace environment or even a personal stressor that you haven’t conquered quite yet. You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance, it’s up to you to handle them.‎ Take care of yourself and your needs.‎ In order to live a powerful and meaningful life, you must love yourself. Take care of your actions and how you live each day, and this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind. 2.________‎ Mend what’s broken or get rid of it.‎ Determining what is worth your time and effort and what can be challenging. If situations are beyond repair, it’s time to let go. Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time？3.________ Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have be absent in the past.‎ ‎4．________‎ Giving our time, energy, love and sometimes money is what life is about. 5.________ My mom taught me a quote she learned in Mexico that stuck with me forever, “donde come uno, comen dos.(where one can eat, two can eat.)” It moves me every time I say it out loud. At the end of the day, no matter what you have you are likely in a position to give something small to someone else who needs it. Don’t hesitate.‎ A．Give back.‎ B．Be positive.‎ C．Fix them and find peace.‎ D．Do more of what makes you happy.‎ E．Love yourself fully in order to love others fully.‎ F．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us.‎ G．In order to conquer and overcome, it must be acknowledged.‎ ‎【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个快乐生活的建议。‎ ‎1．G　解析：根据小标题Don’t avoid or ignore negativity. 并结合该段内容可推知，必须先承认其消极性才能战胜和克服它。故选G项。‎ ‎2．E　解析：根据该段中的“you must love yourself”以及“Take care of your actions and how you live each day”可推知，E项“为了充分地爱别人，要完全地爱自己”符合语境，故选E项。‎ ‎3．C　解析：根据小标题Mend what’s broken or get rid of it. 以及空前一句可知，修复那些值得你花时间的关系或友谊，故选C项。‎ ‎4．A　解析：根据文章结构以及空处所在位置可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要是讲要去付出。故选A项。‎ ‎5．F　解析：根据空前一句可知，生活就是付出我们的时间、精力、爱，有时是金钱，由此可推知，空处应是讲有付出就会有回报。故选F项。‎ Ⅲ.短文改错 ‎(2020·平顶山名校模拟)Last year, my friend and I went to visit Mount Huang. We carried two backpacks, that turned out to be pretty heavier for the hike. I am not an experiencing hiker and those endless steps make me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground. But my friend encouraged me great. “Look, the top is coming closer and closer. We are almost there.” I pulled me together and kept going. After threehour exhausting hike to the top, but with wonderful sceneries on the way, we got to the top finally. For our pleasure, we also found a hotel that looked very much inviting.‎ 答案：‎ Last year, my friend and I went to visit Mount Huang. We carried two backpacks, turned out to be pretty for the hike. I am not an hiker and those endless steps me want to return to the safe and comfortable ground. But my friend encouraged me . “Look, the top is coming closer and closer. We are almost there.” I pulled together and kept going. After threehour exhausting hike to the top, but with wonderful on the way, we got to the top finally. our pleasure, we also found a hotel that looked very inviting.‎ Ⅳ.书面表达 ‎(2020·合肥重点高中摸底)假定你是李华，你的澳大利亚朋友William寒假期间要来中国游玩，行程中计划在你家住三天，请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：‎ ‎1．住宿条件；‎ ‎2．活动安排；‎ ‎3．其他事项(气候差异、着装提醒等)。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ One possible version：‎ Dear William，‎ I am delighted to know that you are coming to China, and especially excited that you will stay in my house. Now, I’d like to tell you some relevant information about your stay here.‎ The bedroom in which you will live is bright and pleasant. A variety of books as well as a computer are available. Of course you have easy access to the network. What’s more, I intend to show you around my city where you can visit some places of interest. By the way, we are having a cold winter here. So, be sure to bring your winter clothes.‎ I am sure you will have a wonderful experience here. Looking forward to your coming.‎ Yours，‎ Li Hua