2020届二轮复习阅读理解中如何突破应用文读文及答题策略 28页

‎2020届二轮复习阅读理解中如何突破应用文读文及答题策略 ‎1．语言特点：语言简练，就其用词来看，文章里有大量生僻的专有名词，如地名、人名、机构名、组织名、书名、作品名等。‎ ‎2．结构特点：应用文主要用于传递信息，高考卷中所采用的应用文通常有两种行文方式。一种是文中的几则信息构成平行并列结构，即每一则信息中的项目及其位置有一致性和对应性，几则信息前有时会用一个段落对文章信息做整体上的说明；另一种是针对某一主题分项、分条目地呈现信息，每个段落围绕小标题呈现某一方面的信息。‎ ‎3．答题误区：应用文阅读理解试题难度不大，故答题时要谨防过于草率。出错的原因有可能是看信息时看错位置，也有可能是为了追求速度只凭大致印象答题。因此，做题时一定要看准信息并在文章中找出相关信息以确保万无一失。另外，不要一字不落地阅读全文，这样会浪费很多时间，而是应该有选择性地快速筛选和获取答题所需要的信息。‎ ‎4．阅读策略 应用文阅读理解总体上要做到稳、准、快，在确保准确率的基础上提高阅读速度，以节省时间。解题时，要做到：‎ ‎(1)快速浏览知主题。快速浏览加粗字体的标题、小标题或加下划线的语句等最重要的信息，以了解语篇提供的是哪方面的信息，并判定行文方式。‎ ‎(2)速读题干，跳读定位信息。接下来阅读每一道试题，根据题干定位信息区间，并在文章中找出答案或相关信息。在定位和寻找信息区间的时候，可以充分利用加粗字体的标题、小标题、加下划线的语句等重要信息提高阅读和解题速度，如果每则信息的项目及其位置具有一致性和对应性，就可利用其一致性和对应性快速查找答案，查找信息时不一定要读完全文。‎ ‎(3)细读解题信息。最后，根据查找的相关信息，经过比对选项选出正确答案。‎ 文体分类练(二)——记叙文 ‎(限时28分钟)‎ A ‎(2019·重庆第一次调研)Roberto Clemente is the greatest baseball player of all time. He had an unbelievable batting average (击球率) in all seasons he played. Having won four batting titles, Gold Glove Awards twelve times, and a Most Valuable Player Award, he is certainly the best that ever played.‎ Besides being the best baseball player, Roberto Clemente was also a great man and a hero. In 1972, there was an earthquake in Nicaragua. On December 31 of that year, Clemente flew to Nicaragua to take supplies to the people. Almost immediately after takeoff, the plane crashed into the Caribbean Sea.‎ The best honors for Clemente came after he died. He was the first Latino voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. In 1999, the city of Pittsburgh, where he played baseball, renamed a bridge after him — a bridge that leads to the city's beautiful new stadium.‎ No one summed up the life of Roberto Clemente and the baseball commissioner (总干事) when, at Clemente's Hall of Fame award ceremony, he said, “He was so great a man, as a leader and humanitarian, so great an inspiration to the young and to all in baseball, especially to the proud people of his homeland, Puerto Rico.” The commissioner further honored Clemente by creating a sportsmanship award in his name.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了棒球明星罗伯托·克莱门特的人生经历。‎ ‎1．What can be concluded from Roberto Clemente's trip to Nicaragua?‎ A．He got injured in an air crash.‎ B．He cared about people and the world.‎ C．He donated a huge sum of money to Nicaragua.‎ D．He earned his fame for his bravery and generosity.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句“In 1972, there was an earthquake in Nicaragua. On December 31 of that year, Clemente flew to Nicaragua to take supplies to the people.”‎ 可知，在1972年尼加拉瓜发生地震后，克莱门特飞往尼加拉瓜，向那里的人民运送物资。据此可推知，克莱门特是一位关心人民和世界的人，故B项正确。‎ ‎2．What do we know about Roberto Clemente from the passage?‎ A．He died in Puerto Rico.‎ B．There was a bridge built for him.‎ C．He played baseball in Pittsburgh.‎ D．His statue was in the Baseball Hall of Fame.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“In 1999, the city of Pittsburgh, where he played baseball”可知，他曾在匹兹堡市打过棒球，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．What happened at Clemente's Hall of Fame award ceremony?‎ A．A sportsmanship award was set up in Clemente's name.‎ B．Clemente was voted into the Soccer Hall of Fame.‎ C．Clemente gained an honor from the people of his homeland.‎ D．The commissioner praised Clemente's unbelievable batting skills.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“The commissioner further honored Clemente by creating a sportsmanship award in his name.”可知，为表彰克莱门特，总干事还以克莱门特的名义设立了体育精神奖，故A项正确。‎ ‎4．Where is the passage most probably taken from?‎ A．A science journal. B．A sports magazine.‎ C．A radio program. D．A news report.‎ 解析：选B　文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了棒球明星罗伯托·克莱门特的人生经历。据此可推知，本文最可能选自体育杂志，故B项正确。‎ B ‎(2019·深圳高三调研)Kevin, diagnosed with dyslexia (诵读困难症), rarely spoke a word in class, and if he did, it would be a “Yes”， “No”， or “Maybe” in response to questions. He always scored badly in tests and saw no hope for the future. That was until he met Sarah, an advisor at a youth center Kidpreneur.‎ In 2012, Kevin attended a course called Ready Set Go in that center. The course was for disadvantaged kids in Kingswood — a lowincome area in Sydney's western suburbs — and its goal was to teach the kids how to create businesses and offer value to the neighborhood.‎ At the end of the course, Sarah took the kids to the local area. She asked volunteers to share their business experiences — Kevin immediately put up his hand. His challenge was to trade his hot dog selling service for free bread at a bakery. Although scared, Kevin was able to share his entrepreneurial story (创业故事) with the shop owner and asked if he could exchange his service for some bread. Unexpectedly, the shop owner told Kevin how moved he was by his story and handed him some bread for free. By the end of the afternoon, his belief in himself and what was possible was at an alltime high.‎ The following week, Kevin sold 70 hot dogs in two hours and made over ＄200. Soon after, he delivered public speeches in 20 schools, and was selected as part of his school's leadership team. Now he heads a business group working on how to increase the potential customer base.‎ All of this would not have been possible if Kevin had not found his passion and perseverance to improve himself, and those around him. The guidance and trust of his advisor also helped to kindle his enthusiasm to go after his goals and dreams in life.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。患有诵读困难症的凯文对未来一片茫然，在遇到指导老师萨拉后，他的生活发生了变化，最后成为一个商业集团的负责人。‎ ‎5．What were the kids expected to achieve in the Ready Set Go course?‎ A．To improve their test scores.‎ B．To create a hot dog business.‎ C．To teach in lowincome areas.‎ D．To be beneficial to the local area.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“its goal was to teach the kids how to create businesses and offer value to the neighborhood”可知，Ready Set Go这个课程的目标是教孩子们如何创办企业以及如何为社区提供价值，故选D项。‎ ‎6．How did Kevin feel after visiting the local bakery?‎ A．Scared. B．Confident.‎ C．Touched. D．Grateful.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“By the end of the afternoon, his belief in himself and what was possible was at an alltime high.”并结合上文可知，刚开始凯文是害怕的，但经过努力，到下午结束时，他对自己和可能发生的事情的信心空前高涨。由此可推知B项“有信心的”正确。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “kindle” in the last paragraph probably mean?‎ A．Inspire. B．Share.‎ C．Continue. D．Express.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句“All of this would not have been possible if Kevin had not found his passion and perseverance to improve himself, and those around him.”可知，如果没有激情和毅力，凯文无法提升自我并影响周围的人，所有这些也就不可能实现。从上文可知，是凯文的指导老师萨拉对他的指导和信任帮助他激发了追求目标和梦想的热情，故A项最符合文章语境。‎ ‎8．What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A．On the Road to Recovery B．Turning Failure into Success C．Growing Wealthy Through Hard Work D．From Hopeless Youth to Business Leader 解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文并结合第一段第二句“He always scored badly in tests and saw no hope for the future.”以及第四段最后一句“Now he heads a business group working on how to increase the potential customer base.”可知，患有诵读困难症的凯文对未来一片茫然，在遇到指导老师萨拉后，他的生活发生了变化。他找到了他的创业热情，最后成为一个商业集团的负责人。故D项为最适合的文章标题。‎ C ‎(2019·成都第二次诊断)Author Walter Dean Myers died at the age of 76 after a brief illness. Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.‎ The prolific author was loved for his vivid description of the lives of African American children, and for writing books for young people that covered different subjects. “Myers has written about all those subjects with deep understanding and a hardwon, qualified sense of hope，”said Leonard S. Marcus in 2008.‎ He was born in 1937 and was adopted by Florence Dean and Herbert after his mother died while giving birth to his younger sister. They loved him very much and his mother read to him from a very young age. Reading pushed him to discover worlds beyond his landscape.‎ He began writing at an early age. He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened to him. “It's what you do，” she said.‎ He dropped out of high school at 17 and joined the army. After finishing his service, he entered a dark period in his life. Myers began writing at night to pull himself through that miserable time.‎ In an essay published in The New York Times earlier this year, Myers described how a short story by James Arthur Baldwin helped change the course of his life. “I didn't love the story, but I was lifted by it，” he wrote, “for it took place in Harlem, and it was a story concerned with black people like those I knew. By humanizing the people who were like me, Baldwin's story also humanized me. The story gave me a permission that I didn't know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”‎ ‎“I write books or the troubled boy I once was，”he wrote, “and for the boy who lives within me still.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国著名作家Walter Dean Myers的生平。‎ ‎9．What does the second paragraph mainly talk about?‎ A．How popular Myers was.‎ B．How Myers became successful.‎ C．What makes Myers' works popular.‎ D．What people think of Myers' works.‎ 解析：选C　段落大意题。通读该段可知，该段首句“The prolific author ... covered different subjects.”‎ 为该段主题句，结合该段其他内容可知，这位多产的作家因其对非裔美国儿童生活的生动描述，以及为年轻人写的涉及不同话题的书籍而深受喜爱。由此可知，该段主要介绍了他的作品受欢迎的原因，故C项正确。‎ ‎10．Who discovered Myers' writing talent?‎ A．James Arthur Baldwin. B．His mother.‎ C．Leonard S. Marcus. D．One of his teachers.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“He wrote well in high school and an English teacher recognized this and advised him to keep on writing no matter what happened to him.”可知，他在高中时写作就很好，一位英语老师认识到这一点并建议他无论发生什么事都要坚持写下去。据此可知，他的写作天赋是他的一位英语老师发现的，故D项正确。‎ ‎11．What does the underlined word “prolific” in paragraph 2 probably mean?‎ A．Productive. B．Unfortunate.‎ C．Conservative. D．Humorous.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句“Walter Dean Myers was the author of more than 100 books for children and young adults and received many top awards.”可知，Walter Dean Myers写了100多本儿童和年轻人读物，并获得了许多最高奖项。由此可推知，他是一位多产的作家。productive意为“多产的”，故A项正确。B项意为“不幸的”，C项意为“守旧的”，D项为“幽默的”，都与语境不符。‎ ‎12．Why was the short story by James Arthur Baldwin so important for Myers?‎ A．It helped him survive the dark period.‎ B．It inspired him to pursue his writing career.‎ C．He learned many writing techniques from it.‎ D．The author of the story permitted him to write.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句中的“how a short story ... the course of his life”以及最后一句“The story gave me a permission that I didn't know I needed, the permission to write about my own landscape, my own map.”可知，Baldwin写的故事鼓励了Myers追求他自己的写作事业，故B项正确。‎ D ‎(2019·河北九校第一次联考)Downey's mother spent one year studying abroad through an international exchange program with a French school. She often talked about how exciting and interesting the experience was. So, even before finishing high school, Downey had decided to follow suit one day.‎ Downey began studying architecture at Lehigh University in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania in 2004. Near the end of her second year, she started to feel unhappy with her school and decided it was time to study abroad.‎ U．S. colleges and universities commonly have joint programs with ‎ foreign schools that permit student exchanges. These programs usually last half a school year or sometimes a whole school year. The classes students take abroad usually give them credits toward their degree. In a fouryear degree program, the third year is the most common time for American college students to study abroad. Many students think they need a change before what is usually their final and most difficult year of study.‎ Downey said her school did not want her to go at first. The architecture program at Lehigh was very intense, and her professors were worried she might miss learning important material. However, she was eventually able to get special permission to study internationally for a whole year. During the fall term in 2006, she attended a Danish international school in Copenhagen, Denmark, explaining she did so because Danish architects are well known for their housing design.‎ Young adult as she was, she had to deal with travel documents and many other issues (问题) on her own. Overcoming the language barrier is the biggest challenge of studying abroad. However, she had a lot of emotional (情感的) and financial support from her family. She learned life lessons and made friendships and memories that have lasted to this day. She said, “The more you're out of your comfort zone, the more rewarding the experience is in the end.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了主人公Downey在大二的时候决定出国留学的经历。‎ ‎13．What does Downey's mother mean to Downey?‎ A．A friend. B．A dreamer.‎ C．An example. D．An expert.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Downey的妈妈曾经出国留过学，且对自己的留学经历津津乐道，这让Downey在高中没毕业时就想未来效仿妈妈去留学。由此可推知，Downey的妈妈在Downey眼中是一个优秀的榜样，故选C项。‎ ‎14．Why did Downey finally decide to study abroad?‎ A．Her mother asked her to do so.‎ B．Her school didn't live up to her expectations.‎ C．She disliked studying architecture.‎ D．The joint programs gave her much inspiration.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段的“she started to feel unhappy with her school and decided it was time to study abroad”可知，最终导致她作出出国留学决定的是她对她所在的大学不是很满意，即这所大学满足不了她的期望。故选B项。‎ ‎15．What made Downey choose the Danish international school?‎ A．The famous learned professors.‎ B．The casual learning environment.‎ C．The impressive academic reputation.‎ D．The favorable geographical location.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第四段的“because Danish architects are well known for their housing design”可知，Downey选择丹麦的国际学校是因为丹麦的建筑师以其住宅设计闻名，故选C项。‎ ‎16．What can we infer according to the last paragraph?‎ A．It was not easy for Downey to study abroad.‎ B．The comfortable life is likely to ruin the future life.‎ C．Downey was too young to take care of herself.‎ D．Downey's parents could hardly afford her education.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知，Downey在国外不得不独自处理许多问题，比如克服语言障碍，还要走出自己的舒适区等，也就是说留学的生活并不容易，故选A项。‎ ‎1．文体和结构特点：英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、地点、事件或过程。其特点是：主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过整篇文章来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。‎ ‎2．答题误区：‎ 记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。解题时，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对时间和事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。‎ ‎3．阅读策略：阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文章的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线，然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；最后根据查找到的相关信息做出正确的选择。如果文中所涉及的人物较多，还要弄清人物之间的关系。‎ 文体分类练(三)——说明文 ‎(限时35分钟)‎ A ‎(2019·长春质量监测二)Play is vital in every child's development, and for toddlers (蹒跚学步的小孩) the benefits of play especially come to life when they can connect with parents during playtime. To raise awareness and help parents create the time and attention span needed, The Lego Group launches a “Do not disturb playtime” campaign. 21 days is what it takes on average to break a habit, so for 21 days the Lego team will not post on social media during “todder playtime”， defined as 5 am－ 8 pm.‎ With social media being an integrated part and creative inspiration to modern family life, it is no surprise that researchers call our digital behavior as a concerning obstacle to quality playtime.‎ ‎“While we are hooked_on our cellphones, we should think about turning them off when interacting with our young children. Kids learn so ‎ much from us and we don't want to get in the way of that. Take language learning for example. When nurturing caregivers talk to their children about what they are interested in, it helps them learn new words and new ways to express themselves. Our research shows that the use of cellphones in a conversation between parents and children disturbs children's word learning，” advises Roberta Golinkoff, Ph.D., Professor at the University of Delaware.‎ Our research shows that parents today understand their significant roles in insuring their kids grow up to be happy, wellrounded, and equipped for the future. At the same time, many worry about not spending enough time with their toddlers. Lego wants to inspire parents to make the small moments memorable.‎ ‎“We know parents today feel more timestarved than ever before. Many feel guilty about not spending enough time with their little ones. Through the ‘Do not disturb playtime’ campaign we hope to reassure parents that it's not so much the amount of time they spend with their kids, but the small meaningful moments they create during play，” said Steffen Jensen, LEGO Group Senior Marketing Director.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。通过乐高公司的一项活动，引发人们的思考：与孩子互动时，父母应该关掉手机，专注于陪伴孩子玩耍与成长。‎ ‎1．Which of the following words can replace the underlined phrase ‎ ‎“hooked on” in paragraph 3?‎ A．Addicted to. B．Familiar with.‎ C．Excited about. D．Strict in.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“we should think about turning them off when interacting with our young children”可知，我们在与孩子交流的时候应该关掉手机。而while在此表示转折，由此可知，前半句的意思是虽然我们着迷于手机。故选A项。‎ ‎2．What can we know according to the passage?‎ A．Digital behavior is supposed to be totally abandoned in our daily life.‎ B．Parents today attach little importance to spending time with their children.‎ C．Parents have more time than before so they should accompany their children.‎ D．This campaign is intended to arouse parents' awareness of the importance of playtime.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“To raise awareness and help parents create the time and attention span needed ... launches a ‘Do not disturb playtime’ campaign.”可知，创建这一活动的目的是帮助提高父母的意识，为他们提供陪孩子玩耍的时间并(积聚其)注意力。因此，该活动的目的是提高父母重视和孩子游戏时间的意识。故选D项。‎ ‎3．What might be Roberta Golinkoff's attitude toward the campaign?‎ A．Disapproving. B．Unconcerned.‎ C．Critical. D．Supportive.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“... we should think about turning them off when interacting with our young children.”可知，罗伯塔给出的建议是父母在与孩子交流的时候应该关掉手机。由此可知，罗伯塔的建议与活动的目的一致，因此，她是支持该活动的。故选D项。‎ ‎4．While interacting with their children, what are parents advised to do?‎ A．Express themselves in new ways.‎ B．Focus on children's language learning.‎ C．Create memorable and meaningful experiences.‎ D．Provide children with big projects rather than small ones.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Lego wants to inspire parents to make the small moments memorable.”以及最后一段中的“but the small meaningful moments they create during play”可知，家长们被建议把小的瞬间变得难忘且有意义。故选C项。‎ B ‎(2019·昆明高三复习诊断)Who're happier, men or women? Research shows it's a complex question and that asking whether males or females are happier isn't really that helpful, because basically, happiness ‎ is different for women and men.‎ Women's happiness has been declining for the past 30 years, according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender (性别) differences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological, psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.‎ Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings. Women are more likely to express happiness, warmth and fear, which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver, while men display more anger, pride and disrespect, which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.‎ Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially, but also genetically related. Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons (镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings. Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other people's view, to understand their actions and intentions. This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness. Women tend to experience more negative feelings, such as more guilt, shame and to a lesser degree, embarrassment.‎ Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they ‎ process and express feelings. With the exception of anger, women experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others. Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciation — which has been linked to greater happiness. This supports the theory that women's happiness is more dependent on relationships than men's.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，从社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。‎ ‎5．Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?‎ A．Warmth. B．Depression.‎ C．Happiness. D．Disrespect.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的“while men display more anger, pride and disrespect”可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D。‎ ‎6．What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?‎ A．Psychological factors. B．Biological factors.‎ C．Educational factors. D．Social factors.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感。‎ ‎7．One can probably read the text from ________．‎ A．a science fiction B．a culture brochure C．a nursery guide D．a health magazine 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。‎ ‎8．What is the text mainly about?‎ A．Men and women differ in biology and psychology.‎ B．Men and women experience happiness differently.‎ C．Social roles have a great effect on men and women.‎ D．Women's happiness has declined in the past years.‎ 解析：选B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。‎ C ‎(2019·安徽重点中学盟校模拟)On average, Americans spend about 10 hours a day in front of a computer or other electronic devices (设备) and less than 30 minutes a day outdoors. That is a claim made by David Strayer, a professor of psychology at the University of Utah. In his 2017 TED Talk, Strayer explained that all this time spent with technology is making our brains tired.‎ Using an electronic device to answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media puts a lot of pressure on the front of the brain, which,‎ ‎ Strayer explains, is important for critical (有判断力的) thinking, problemsolving and decisionmaking.‎ So, it is important to give the brain a rest. And being in nature, Strayer claims, helps get a tired brain away from too much technology. More than 15，000 campers from around the world attended an international camping festival in September. That is when friends and family take time off and escape to nature for several days. They take walks, climb, explore, swim, sleep, eat and play. Camping may be just what a tired brain needs.‎ Take Carl for example. He lives in West Virginia and enjoys camping. He says that staying outdoors makes him feel at ease. It also prepares him for the work he must do. Kate Somers is another example who also lives in West Virginia. She says she enjoys camping with her husband and two children. She calls it a “regenerative” experience.‎ At the University of Utah, David Strayer has studied both shortterm and longterm exposure to nature. He found that spending short amounts of time in nature without technology does calm the brain and helps it to remember better. However, he found, it is the longterm contact with nature that does the most good. He and his research team found that spending three days in nature without any technology is enough time for the brain to fully relax and reset itself.‎ 语篇解读：‎ 本文是一篇说明文。作者讲述了如今长时间使用电子设备对大脑的危害，鼓励人们放下这些电子设备，去户外让大脑休息一下。‎ ‎9．What is David Strayer's opinion?‎ A．Americans dislike outdoor activities.‎ B．Electronic equipment should be quitted.‎ C．New technologies are a doubleedged sword.‎ D．Electronic equipment brings great convenience.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。依据第一段可知，David Strayer认为过多使用电子设备导致大脑疲劳，第二段中的“answer emails, listen to the news and look at social media”暗示着电子设备给我们生活带来的便利，因此科技有利有弊，故选项C正确。‎ ‎10．Why does Strayer insist we go outdoors?‎ A．To try another lifestyle.‎ B．To refresh our brain.‎ C．To make better decisions.‎ D．To play with our family and friends.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。依据前两段可知，过多使用电子设备会导致大脑疲劳，根据第三段可知，我们需要让大脑休息一下，而走进大自然可以让我们疲惫的大脑远离电子设备，从而让大脑恢复活力，因此选B项。‎ ‎11．What does the underlined word “regenerative” in paragraph 4 mean?‎ A．Reborn. B．Memorable.‎ C．Remarkable. D．Tiring.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。画线词所在段中作者列举Carl的事例说明，户外活动能使他放松并更好地工作，作者提到的“Kate Somers is another example ... two children.”暗示着，Kate与家人在户外的活动也给了她活力，因此选A项，画线词表示“有再生作用的，有再造能力的”。‎ ‎12．Which is the proper title for the passage?‎ A．Electronic Equipment Harms the Brain B．Good Rest Develops Good Memory C．Tips on Using New Technologies D．Being in Nature Is Good for the Brain 解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，长时间盯着看或使用电子设备对大脑不利，作者鼓励人们放下这些高科技产品到大自然中去，给大脑一个休息时间。文中更是用Carl和Kate的事例说明走进大自然给大脑带来的益处，因此选项D适合作本文标题。‎ D ‎(2019·山西六校阶段性测试)World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.‎ The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972. Each year the United Nations pick a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.‎ The 2018 World Environment Day is hosted by India, and the theme is Beat Plastic Pollution. It urges people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which makes up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations pick a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades (游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.‎ World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won't be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not ‎ bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。‎ ‎13．Why is World Environment Day set up?‎ A．To make people know more about nature.‎ B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.‎ C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.‎ D．To encourage people to plan the earth's future.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。从第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.”可以看出，世界环境日的目的是鼓励人们积极参与环境保护并学会很多方法来帮助确保地球将来的安全，故选B。‎ ‎14．What do people do on World Environment Day?‎ A．Decide a host city.‎ B．Hold a theme party.‎ C．Discuss environmental ideas.‎ D．Show some plastic products.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。从第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可以看出，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题。‎ ‎15．Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to “disposable” in paragraph 3?‎ A．Highcost. B．Poorquality.‎ C．Secondhand. D．Singleuse.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。从第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可以看出，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“It urges people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which makes up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D项。‎ ‎16．What's the main idea of the last paragraph?‎ A．Every bit of effort counts.‎ B．Doing is better than saying.‎ C．Many hands make light work.‎ D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它。所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要，故选A项。Doing is better than saying“行胜于言”；Many hands make light work“众人拾柴火焰高”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart“有志者事竟成”。‎