【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十五（18页word版） 18页

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之二十五 ‎[一]‎ Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. you can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.‎ Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places – and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.‎ Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colors make us less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.‎ Don’t forget the clock – or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.‎ Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily makes us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, ‎ total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.‎ ‎28. The text is especially helpful for those who care about ____.‎ A. their home comforts B. their body shape C. house buying D. healthy diets ‎29. A home environment in blue can help people ____.‎ A. digest food better B. reduce food intake C. burn more calories D. regain their appetites ‎30. What are people advised to do at mealtimes?‎ A. Eat quickly. B. Play fast music C. Use smaller spoons D. Turn down the lights ‎31. What can be a suitable title for the text?‎ A.Is Your House Making You Fat? B. Ways of Serving Dinner C. Effects of Self-Consciousness D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing?‎ 参考答案：28.--31 B BCA ‎ ‎[二]‎ The word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout history, advertising has been an effective way to promote (促进) the trading and selling of goods. In the middle ages, merchants employed “town criers” to read public messages aloud to promote their goods. When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads) could be printed easily and were either hung in public places or put in books.‎ ‎ By the end of the seventh century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became an important to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so ‎ successful that by the end of the century several companies started business for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.‎ ‎ Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firm’s name or product, words organized in eye-catching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.‎ ‎ Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as “advertising agencies (广告商).” The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves as members of a group. Throughout the twentieth century advertising agencies promoted consumerism (消费主义) as way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the “right” products.‎ ‎67. What was advertising like in the middle ages?‎ A. Merchants were employed to promote products.‎ B. Ad messages were shouted out in public places.‎ C. Product information was included in books.‎ D. Ad signs were put up in towns.‎ ‎68. What does the word “This” in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. Advertising in newspapers.‎ B. Including pictures in ads.‎ C. Selling goods in markets.‎ D. Working with ad agencies.‎ ‎69 The 18th century advertising was special in its__________. ‎ ‎ A .growing spending ‎ B. printing materials ‎ C. advertising companies ‎ D. attractive designs ‎70. Which of the following might be the best title for the text?‎ ‎ A. The Story of Advertising ‎ B. The Value of Advertising Designs ‎ C. The Role of Newspaper Advertising ‎ D. The Development of Printing for Advertising ‎ 67. B 68.A 69. D 70.A ‎[三]‎ Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot "greener" toward the environment. "We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it," says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.‎ But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. "The understanding has increased many, many times," says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.‎ According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of "green thinking" has become part of practices.‎ Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.‎ Twenty-five years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it's hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program. "Until we do that, nothing else will change!" says Bruce Anderson.‎ ‎63.According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about_________.‎ A. the social movement ‎ B. recycling techniques C. environmental problems ‎ D .the importance of Earth Day ‎64.Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?‎ A. The grass-roots level. ‎ B. The business circle.‎ C. Government officials. ‎ D. University professors.‎ ‎65.What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?‎ A. They have cut car emissions to the lowest.‎ B. They have settled their environmental problems.‎ C. They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.‎ D. They have reduced pollution through effective measures.‎ ‎66. What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?‎ A. Education. B. Planning.‎ C. Green living. D.CO reduction.‎ 参考答案：63. C 64. A 65.D 66. A ‎[四]‎ Dolores Huerta Dolores Huerta has worked hard most of her life to help other people. She has helped change things so that others can have a better life. ‎ Dolores grew up in California. She was a good student and liked school. After she finished high school, she went to college and studied to be a teacher. After college, she became a teacher. Dolores noticed that many of her students were not getting enough food to eat. Some of them wore very old clothes. Dolores wondered how she could help them. ‎ Dolores liked teaching but she decided to quit her job so that she could spend more time helping her students and their families. One thing she wanted to do was to get more pay for their parents, farm workers. Thus they could buy their children what they needed. ‎ Dolores knew that many farm workers moved often from one place to another to help pick different kinds of fruits and vegetables, like ‎ grapes and tomatoes. She began talking and writing about these workers. Even people who lived far from California read what Dolores wrote. Getting higher pay for the farm workers was not easy. Dolores worked hard to make sure that farm workers got fair pay for their work. She knew that nothing would change unless new laws were made to help the workers. Through all her hard work, new laws were passed that gave farm workers fair pay. ‎ Dolores Huerta has worked for more than 30 years in many different ways to make life better for working people. She has shown how much one person can change things. ‎ ‎56. What did Dolores find about her students? ‎ A. They worked hard to make a living. ‎ B. They lived far away from schools. ‎ C. They were hungry sometimes. ‎ D. They had little time to play. ‎ ‎57. Why did Dolores stop teaching?‎ A. She wished to be a lawyer. ‎ B. She moved to another place.‎ C. She got little money by teaching.‎ D. She wanted to help her students more.‎ ‎58. Thanks to Dolores’ great effort, the farm workers ________.‎ A. got fair pay B. got better jobs ‎ C. had more time off D. had a settled way of life ‎ ‎59. What is the main idea of the passage? ‎ A. One can change their jobs often. ‎ B. One person can make big changes.‎ C. One person can work hard for others. ‎ D. One can make life better by themselves.‎ 参考答案：56. C 57. D 58. A 59. B ‎[五]‎ ‎ A healthy amount of sunshine may be the secret to staying young. British scientists have discovered.‎ ‎ Vitamin D is produced naturally by the skin in response to(对…的反应) sunlight and may help to slow the ageing process and protect against heart disease, according to the study.‎ ‎ Researchers from King’s College London studied 2,160 women aged between 18 and 79, looking at their telomeres--- a biological marker of ageing found in DNA. As people get older, their telomeres get shorter and they become more susceptible(易受伤害的) to certain illnesses.‎ ‎ But the study found women with high levels of vitamin D had comparatively longer telomeres--- a sign of being biologically younger and healthier.‎ ‎ The study suggests vitamin D may help to slow down the ageing process of DNA, and therefore the ageing process as a whole.‎ ‎ Lead researcher Dr Brent Richards said, “These results are exciting because they show for the first time that people who have higher levels of vitamin D may age more slowly than people with lower levels of vitamin D.” This could help to explain how vitamin D has a protective effect on many ageing related diseases, such as heart disease and cancer.”‎ ‎ Professor Tim Spector, a co-author of the report, added, “ Although it might sound absurd(荒唐的), it’s possible that the same sunshine which may increase our risk of skin cancer may also have a healthy effect on the general ageing process.‎ ‎ Vitamin D made by the action of sunlight on the skin accounts for 90 percent of the body’s supply, but lower levels can also be got through food such as fish, eggs and breakfast cereals(粥).‎ ‎ Other studies have suggested the vitamin plays a key role in protecting against cancer and heart disease.‎ ‎33. A certain amount of sunshine helps people stay young because _________.‎ A. vitamin D may help to slow the ageing process ‎ B. sunshine protects people against heart disease C. vitamin D makes one’s skin look young and healthy ‎ D. people feel happy and energetic in the sun ‎ ‎34. From Brent Richards, we know that ________.‎ A. sunlight causes skin cancer to people with high level of vitamin D B. the higher levels of vitamin D people have, the more slowly people may age C . the study generally has a healthy effect on all the general ageing process ‎ D. vitamin D can only be got from fish, eggs and breakfast cereals ‎35. What can we infer from the passage?‎ ‎ A. Telomeres are important as they are signs of ageing of the DNA.‎ ‎ B. Sunlight can be dangerous as it causes skin cancer.‎ ‎ C. Sunlight does more good than harm to our health.‎ ‎ D. Vitamin D can only be gained from food.‎ 参考答案：33-35 ABC ‎[六]‎ Famous Chinese agricultural scientist Yuan Longping and his research team’s experiment of planting saltwater-tolerant(耐盐的) rice in desert areas of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates(阿拉伯联合酋长国) proved to be a success, with one type of rice producing more than 7.5 tons per hectare(公顷), Xinhua reported.‎ Saltwater-tolerant rice is designed to grow in tidal flats (潮滩地) or other areas with heavy salt content. It was the world’s first successful case of planting rice in a tropical(热带的) desert area, standing as China’s contribution to improving the ability of people in desert areas to be self-sufficient(自给自足的) in main foods, a move that can protect global food security and improve the desert ecological ‎ environment.‎ In January, the center chose dozens of types of hybrid rice and planted them on small places of desert areas near Dubai. After five months of growth, the center invited experts from India, Egypt, the United Arab Emirates and other countries for evaluation, and found three types of rice producing more than 6 tons per hectare. In June, a second evaluation will be carried out for middle-season rice.‎ The technology of saltwater-tolerant rice plays a key role in the success as the natural environment of the Dubai desert is terrible for rice growth. The daytime temperatures could be as high as over ‎50 ℃‎, and nighttime temperatures could drop by ‎30 ℃‎. Humidity(湿度) stays below 20 percent and there are sandstorms from time to time. The biggest challenge is the desert soil, which is low in organic matter and unable to keep soil moisture as it is totally sand. To make it worse, sea water remains just 7.5 meters below the soil, which makes it easy to be full of salt.‎ With this success, the center and the private investment office of the ruler of the Emirate of Dubai plan to set up a 100-hectare experimental farmland in Dubai, to test the production costs and cultivation techniques(耕种技术) of the saltwater-tolerant rice and prepare for promotion. The two parties will construct a 100-hectare standard farmland in 2019 and speed up rice planting in 2020.‎ ‎32. What can we infer from the second paragraph? ‎ A. The tropical desert areas have done well in being self-sufficient.‎ B. Chinese team play a great role in planting saltwater-tolerant rice in desert areas.‎ C. Planting saltwater-tolerant rice can be easily achieved in many tropical desert-areas.‎ D. Saltwater-tolerant rice is designed to grow in areas with heavy ‎ salt content.‎ ‎33. What’s the most difficult thing for rice growth in Dubai desert? ‎ A. Its daytime temperature could be up to ‎50 ℃‎ and humidity stays below 20%.‎ B. It’s just 6.5 meters above the sea water and easy to be full of salt.‎ C. Its soil is short of organic matter and hard to keep soil moisture. ‎ D. It is extremely expensive to conduct experiments in tropical desert areas.‎ ‎34. Which of the following statements is TRUE? ‎ A. The natural environment is the key factor of the success of the experiment.‎ B. Dubai still has a lot to do before the saltwater-tolerant rice benefits other areas. ‎ C. No evaluation will be performed again as the experiment has been successful.‎ D. The ruler of the Emirate of Dubai thinks little of the result of the experiment.‎ ‎35. What’s the passage mainly about? ‎ A. The United Arab Emirates tries to improve the desert ecological environment.‎ B. The United Arab Emirates has begun to plant saltwater-tolerant rice.‎ C. The rice experiment is of great importance for the tropical desert-areas.‎ D. Chinese team succeeds in planting saltwater-tolerant rice in Dubai’s desert.‎ 参考答案：32—35 BCBD ‎[七]‎ Cities are likely to be affected by overheating, thanks to something called the urban heat island effect. Cities tend to be short of trees, which provide shade, and they are covered with black pavement, which absorbs heat from the sun. Think of how it feels to wear a dark shirt versus a white shirt on a sunny day. A black shirt absorbs light, heating you up. But a white shirt reflects light, keeping you cool.‎ The average temperature in a city of a million or more people can be more than 5 degrees F hotter than surrounding areas. That extra 5 degrees can turn a hot day from uncomfortable to deadly. As temperatures rise, cities will be an especially dangerous place to be during a heat wave. To protect public health, city officials are going to make the city cooler.‎ As part of that effort, Los Angeles is coating its roads in CoolSeal, a gray paint that keeps streets and parking lots 10 degrees cooler than black asphalt（沥青）. It will help Angelinos save money during the summer, when air conditioning sends power bills soaring. And it will save lives by lowering temperatures and improving air quality. Hot weather worsens air pollution by turning car exhaust into smog, which can make life miserable for people with asthma（哮喘）and other breathing problems.‎ Of course, LA will have to do more than paint over a few streets to cool off the city. Angelinos will also need to plant more trees and apply white paint to rooftops——at least those not already covered in solar panels. While LA is a pioneer of reflective streets, other cities, like New York, are already experimenting with reflective roofs or, like ‎ Melbourne, lowering the temperature by planting trees. LA is hardly alone in its effort to stay cool.‎ ‎“This is an urgent challenge, and it’s much bigger than one person,” said Mayor Garcetti in a recent statement. “Climate change is a fact of life that people in Los Angeles and cities around the world live with every day.” ‎ ‎28. Which of the following contributes to the urban heat island effect? A. Planting more trees in the streets.  B. Covering the streets with white paint.  C. Applying reflective paint to rooftops. D. Furnishing every house with air conditioners.‎ ‎29. What should the city officials emphasize during hot summer?‎ ‎ A. How to make the city cooler. ‎ ‎ B. Where to wear a white shirt.‎ ‎ C. Why to coat the roads with black paint. ‎ ‎ D. When to cut off the electricity supply. ‎ ‎30. What benefit can people gain from the use of CoolSeal?‎ ‎ A. Increasing the indoor activities.‎ ‎ B. Making life easier and more comfortable.‎ ‎ C. Reducing the number of cold days.‎ ‎ D. Promoting the sale of air conditioners.‎ ‎31. What’s the main idea of the passage? ‎ ‎ A. L.A. is painting its streets white to keep the city cool. ‎ ‎ B. L.A. calls on people to fight against global warming.‎ ‎ C. L.A. is alone suffering extreme heat.‎ ‎ D. More and more countries begin to plant trees in the streets.‎ 参考答案：28—31 DABA ‎[八]‎ Tuvalu, a tiny country in the Pacific Ocean, has asked for help as it fears it will be swallowed up by the sea.‎ ‎  Storms and huge waves are a constant threat and none of Tuvalu's nine little islands is more than five meters above sea level. Salt water is already entering the country's drinking water supply, as well as damaging plants that produce fruit and vegetable. Without urgent help, the country's days are numbered.‎ ‎  But Tuvalu is not the first place to face sinking into the sea. Venice, a historic city in Italy best known for its canals, has sunk about ‎24 cm over the past 100 years. Experts say that it will have sunk another ‎24cm by 2050. A century ago, St. Mark's Square, the lowest point in the city, flooded about nine times a year. Nowadays, it happens more than 100 times. While Venice is slowly sinking where it stands, Tuvalu's rising sea level is caused by global warming.‎ ‎ The average global temperature has increased by almost 0. 5 centigrade degrees over the past century, and scientists expect it to rise by extra 1.3 degrees over the next 100 years.‎ Warmer weather makes glaciers(冰川) melt, adding more water to the ocean. The warmer temperatures also make water expand, so it takes up more space, causing the sea level to rise. The sea level has risen ‎ ‎10.25 cm‎ in the last 100 years. Many scientists believe that if the warming is not stopped, there will be huge climate changes. The sea level could rise by one meter this century.‎ Should this come true, the sea will swallow up millions of homes and the world will be flooded with "climate refugees" looking for somewhere to live.‎ ‎24. What can we infer from the second paragraph?‎ A. drinking water in Tuvalu has been destroyed B. all Tuvalu's islands are about five meters above the sea level C. Tuvalu is in danger of being swallowed up by the sea ‎ D. Tuvalu is often flooded by storms and waves ‎25. Why are Tuvalu and Venice used as examples?‎ A. because they are facing the trouble caused by global warming B. because they are both sinking into the mud on which they stand C. because they are the first places sinking into the sea ‎ D. because they will disappear in the future ‎26. What does "climate refugees" mean?‎ A. Climate effect.‎ B. Climate changes.‎ C. Rare animals.  ‎ D. People who are forced away from their homeland by climate.‎ ‎27. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A. Tuvalu's nine little islands are less than five meters above the sea level.‎ B. The average global temperature has risen by 13 centigrade degrees over the past 100 years.‎ C. The warmer temperature causes the sea level to rise.‎ D. There will be huge climate changes unless the warming is stopped.‎ 参考答案：24—27 CADB ‎[九]‎ A When Buffett was asked about the secret to his success, he said that he read every day—500 pages, to be exact. Unfortunately, if you’re already working 9-5, you might not have the time to read at all, let alone an entire book a day. But if you want to make some changes in your life, the following 4 most-read books on self-improvement may help you start. ‎ How to Stop Worrying and Start Living written by Dale Carnegie Are you wondering why you can’t stop worrying about something? No matter how hard you try, do you focus on the same problem? By finding out the reason of your stress, you can overcome this. In this book Carnegie came up with some effective ways that can help you stop worrying about the same thing again. ‎ Thirteen Things Mentally Strong People Don’t Do written by Amy Morin You can’t escape bad luck in life. But you can change how you react to it. Do you struggle to overcome your failures? Or think about things out of your control? This book will help you overcome these ‎ difficulties, which can have a great effect on your everyday life.‎ How Will You Measure Your Life written by Clayton Christensen ‎ This book will give you some suggestions on how to balance your work and your life. What would make you happier at work? Perhaps a little more money or more admiration from others is what you want. Although career success can be satisfying, ignoring your family and friends can be harmful. ‎ Finding Your Element written by Ken Robinson This world often wants us to follow a certain life plan. If you don’t know what your passion is, it just means you haven’t discovered it yet. Or maybe it just disappeared early in life. This book will help find out how you can get away from the world’s strict rules and find your real passion in life.‎ ‎21. Whose book can help you if you can’t stop worrying about things? ‎ A. Amy Morin’s ‎ B. Ken Robinson’s C. Dale Carnegie’s ‎ D. Clayton Christensen’s ‎22. If one of your friends doesn’t know how to balance his work and life, you could suggest him reading .‎ A. Thirteen Things Mentally Strong People Don’t Do B. How Will You Measure Your Life ‎ C. Finding Your Element D. How to Stop Worrying and Start Living ‎23. What’s the best title of this passage? ‎ A. Four Books Interest You ‎ B. Four Books Occupy Your Free Time C. Four Books Help You Relax ‎ D. Four Books Change Your Life 参考答案：21—23 CBD ‎[十]‎ Nothing like the Nobel Prize Award existed during the time of William Shakespeare. The first Nobel Prizes were not awarded until 1901, nearly 300 years after the death of the so-called “Bard of Avon”.‎ ‎2014 marks the 450th anniversary of William Shakespeare’s birth. His plays are still widely performed all over the world. But for many people, Shakespeare is something they study in school, not something they read or watch for pleasure.‎ One American theater company is trying to change that. ‎ Ross Williams studied acting and directing in school. He set up a theater company called the New York Shakespeare Exchange. Ross Williams loves Shakespeare. But he knows that many people might not share that love. He says 400-year-old English is difficult to understand. And, he says, many people think of Shakespeare as dusty and dull (枯燥的).‎ ‎“So I started thinking about how I could get people to experience Shakespeare in their day-to-day lives without having to go see a full show. And so we started with the sonnets because they’re concise (言简意赅的).”‎ Sonnets are 14-line poems. Ross Williams and his partners founded the Sonnet Project as part of their theater company. The group hopes to film each of Shakespeare’s 154 sonnets before the great English writer’s birthday in April. Each piece is being filmed in a different location in New York City.‎ ‎       To complete the project, the company requires the talents of many artists. Ross Williams put out a call to filmmakers on the Sonnet Project’s website. Twenty-five-year-old Noemi Charlotte was one ‎ of many who answered the call. He directed sonnet 71 a few months ago. He likes the idea of presenting Shakespeare in short films.‎ ‎“Fantastic! Doing it in different places in New York brings Shakespeare into the twenty-first century.” ‎ ‎32. Shakespeare is not popular today mainly because _____. ‎ A. the language he used in his plays is out of date ‎ B. people are tired of learning about him in school C. it takes too much time to see a full show of his plays D. his sonnets can’t be easily understood by many people ‎ ‎33. Ross Williams started his company in order to _____. ‎ A. get more experience in acting and directing B. introduce Shakespeare’s sonnets into modern plays ‎ C. encourage the development of the theater industry in America D. let people today enjoy Shakespeare’s works more conveniently ‎ ‎34. What do we know about the Sonnet Project?‎ A. It aims to turn all of Shakespeare’s plays into films. ‎ B. It translates Shakespeare’s poems into modern English. ‎ C. It performs Shakespeare’s plays in various parts of New York.‎ D. It presents all of Shakespeare’s sonnets in the form of short films.‎ ‎35. What is Noemi Charlotte’s attitude towards the Sonnet Project?‎ A. Curious. B. Favorable. C. Uninterested. D. Disappointed.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎32. A 33. D 34. D 35. B ‎