新人教英语选修10三点剖析（Unit 3 Fairness for all） 7页

名师导航 三点剖析 单词·典句·考点 【经典例句】 Today we went to church wher e our minister,Martin Luther King,Jr,announced that a boycott of the buses and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow. 今天我们去教堂做礼拜，在那里马丁·路德·金牧师宣布拒乘公共汽车和电车的行动明天开 始。【考点聚焦】 1)boycott 用作名词时，后面常跟介词 of 或 against。 2)还可用作及物动词。如:boycott a meeting 拒绝出席会议 【经典例句】 Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us blacks from sitting where we like. 金鼓励我们与这种禁止黑人坐在自己喜欢的地方的不公平制度斗争。 【考点聚焦】 1）固定搭配:prohibit sth./sb.（from doing sth.） 2）类似的搭配还有:stop sb./sth.（from）doing...;prevent sb./sth.（from） doing ...;forbid sb. to do...;keep sb./sth. from doing 使……不做……;阻止……发生…… 【活学活用】 1.完成句子 1）禁止大声喧哗。 Noises _____________. 答案：are prohibited 2）什么也不能阻止我们到那儿去。 Nothing will _____________. 答案：prohibit us from going there [来源:Z,xx,k.Com] 【经典例句】 It is regarded as an offence if we sit at the front of a bus and if we break this law,we receive a heavy punishment. 如果我们坐在公共汽车前部，就被认为是一种违法行为;如果我们违反这项法律，就会受到 严惩。 【考点聚焦】 1）用作名词时，后面可跟 against，表示“犯罪”;也可跟 to，表示“令人不快 的事物”。注意以下词组:give/cause offence to someone 得罪某人;使某人不悦；take offence at sth.对某事不悦 2)offend 是动词形式，主要义项有:犯罪;做错事;冒犯;使某人不快。 【活学活用】 2.用以上所学词的适当形式填空 1）He committed several serious __________. 2)Do you think he took __________ at what I said about his hair? 3)I think she was a bit __________ that she hadn’t been invited to the party. 答案：offences 2) offence 3) offended 【经典例句】 The other three submitted but Rosa was unwilling to do so and she refused. 另外三个人服从了，但罗莎不愿意这样做，因而她拒绝了。 【考点聚焦】 1)submit 还可表示“递交，呈递”，常用搭配形式为:submit sth. to sb.。 2）其名词形式为 submission，形容词形式为 submissive。 【活学活用】 3.单项填空 1）She _________ her parents’ decision at last. A.submitted B.submitted with C.submitted to D.submitted on 答案：C 2）He submitted _________ the report _________ the matter _________ the committee. A.to;on;to B./;about;on[来源:] C.to;about;with D./;on;to 答案：D 【经典例句】 Taxis passed all full of passengers as we pedestrians marched on the pavement. 当我们步行者走在人行道上时，满载乘客的出租车从旁边驶过。 【考点聚焦】 1)march 还可用作名词，主要义项有:行军；前进;游行（尤指示威游行）;进 行曲。大写 March 为“三月”。 2）常用搭配：a ten-mile march 十英里行军；a peace march 为争取和平的游行；military marches 军队进行曲 【活学活用】 4.单项填空 1）Our country benefits a lot from the __________ of science. A.march B.develop C.result D.origin 答案：A 2)The enemy was __________ the marc h at last. A.in B.on C.with D.by 答案：B [来源:.Com] 【经典例句】 Those in the cars waved and we saluted them back. 车里的人们向我们挥手，我们向他们致意。 【考点聚焦】 salute 还可用作名词，其义项有:举手礼;敬礼;招呼;致意。如: He gave a smart salute.[来源:Z.xx.k.Com] 他利索地敬了一个礼。 【活学活用】 5.翻译句子 1)They took off their hats by the grave in silent salute. __________________________________________________________ 答案：他们在墓旁脱帽默哀。 2)We salute you for your tireless efforts for peace. __________________________________________________________ 答案：我们为您在寻求和平方面作出的不懈努力向您表示敬意。 【经典例句】 In court we won a fundamental victory in the battle for our civil rights.[来源:Z,xx,k.Com] 在法庭上，我们赢得了争取民权斗争的基本胜利。 【考点聚焦】 还可用作动词，意为“斗争；搏斗;奋斗”。常用的表达方式为:battle with/against sb./sth. for sth. 短语·典句·考点 seize on 抓住;利用[来源:Z_xx_k.Com] 【经典例句】 King and the other black leaders in Montgomery have seized on this incident and decided on a collision course to change the law. 金和蒙哥马利市的其他黑人领袖利用这个事件，决定通过一个冲突进程来改变法律。 【考点聚焦】 1）注意该词组的另一种形式:seize upon。 2）相关词组:seize up 卡住，无法转动 【活学活用】 6.用所学词组的适当形式填空 1）She had always wanted to go to London,so she __________ the offer of a free trip. 答案：seized on 2)The traffic __________ for miles because of the road works. 答案：had seized up live out 活过;实践 【经典例句】 I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:“We hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal.” 我有一个梦想，那就是有一天这个国家会站立起来，并实现其信条的真谛:“我们认为’人人生 而平等’这个真理是不言而喻的。” 【考点聚焦】 以 live 为中心的其他词组:live for sth.以某事物为生活目标;live on 继续存在 或生活;live on sth. 以……为食，靠……生活;live through sth. 经历某事物而幸存;live up to sth. 依照某事物行事，表现出符合某事物的标准 【活学活用】 7.用所学词组的适当形式填空 1)He has __________ two wars. 答案：lived through 2)She __________ her dream by devoting her whole life to the education. 答案：lived out 3)The concert was brilliant—it __________ all our expectations. 答案：lived up to transform...into 把……变成/变为…… 【经典例句】 I have a dream that one day the state of Mississippi will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. 我有一个梦想，那就是有一天甚至密西西比州也将变成自由和正义的绿洲。 【考点聚焦】 记住类似形式的词组:change...into...;put...into...;translate...into... 【活学活用】 8.完成下列句子 1)Can you think of a way ______________（将这块布由黑色变成红色）？ 答案：to transform the black cloth into red 2)Have you seen the process by which caterpillars（毛虫） ______________（变为蝴蝶）？ 答案：are transformed into butterflies [来源:] fight against 与……斗争 【经典例句】 Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system. 金博士鼓励我们反对这一不公正的制度。 【考点聚焦】 以 fight 为中心的其他词组:fight for sth. 为……而战斗;fight back 回击，反 击，抵抗;fight sth. back/down 克制、抑制;fight sb./sth. off 抵抗或击败某人/某事物;fight sth. out 通过斗争使……得到 解决 【活学活用】 9.用所学词组的适当形式填空 1）Only by working together can we _________ the bird flu. 答案：fight off 2）It’s a long way for the women to _________ the same right as men. 答案：fight for judge...by...依据……判断…… 【经典例句】 I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but the content of their character. 我有一个梦想，希望有一天我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色，而以他们的品德优劣 来评价他们的国度里生活。 【考点聚焦】 该词组常以分词的形式出现，即 judging from/by=to judge by “由……观察; 由……判断”，在句中作状语。 难句·剖析·拓展 Today we went to church where our minister,Martin Luther King,announced that a boycott of buses and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow. 今天，我们去教堂做礼拜。在那里，我们的牧师，马丁·路德·金宣布明天开始抵制公共汽车 和无轨电车。 【剖析】 1)where 引导定语从句，修饰 church。 2)that 从句为定语从句中的宾语从句。 3）Martin Luther King 作 our minister 的同位语。 【拓展】 同位语常位于名词或代词后，前后用逗号分开。 Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us blacks from sitting where we like. 金博士鼓励我们与禁止黑人坐在自己喜欢的地方的不公平制度斗争。 【剖析】1）which 引导的是定语从句。 2）where 引导的是状语从句，修饰 sitting。 The success of the Montgomery bus boycott began the Civil Rights Movement that led to the improvement of conditions for black people in education,housing,jobs,voting,and hotels throughout the USA. 蒙哥马利市抵制公共汽车运动的胜利，揭开了民权运动的序幕，这改善了全美黑人在教育、 住房、就业、选举等方面的状况。 【剖析】1)that 引导定语从句，that 在定语从句中作主语; 2)lead to 导致，带来，引起。 【拓展】 注意 lead to 为动介词组，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语。 I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of the ir skin but by the content of their character. 我有一个梦想:梦想有一天，我的四个孩子能生活在一个不以肤色差别，而以品德优劣来评 判他们的国度里。 【剖析】 1)that 引导同位语从句说明 dream 的具体 内容 ; 2)where 引导定语从句，修饰 nation; 3)not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列结构，but 后承前省略了 be judged。 【拓展】 1)引导同位语从句的 that 不能省略。 2)not...but...可以连接两个并列主语、谓语、宾语、表语、状语等。 With this faith we will be able to work together,to pray together,to struggle together,to go to jail together,to stand up for freedom together,knowing that we will be free one day. 有了这个信念，我们将一起工作，一起祈祷，一起抗争，一起坐牢，一起维权，因为我们 知道我们总有一天会获得自由。 【剖析】 1)with this faith 在句中作状语，放在句首是为了强调。 2)knowing 及其引导的宾语从句作原因状语。 【拓展】 为了强调句子的某一部分，可以将它放到句首。 语法·剖析·活用 动词的时态 本单元重点复习动词的时态。具体时态变化见下表（以动词 do 为例） 一般时 进行时[来源:学.科.网] 完成时 完成进行时 现在时 do/does is/ar e doing has/have done has/have been doing 过去时 did was/were doing[来源:.Com] had done had been doing 将来时 will do will be doing will have done will have been doing 过去将来时 would do would be doing would have done would have been doing 注意以下两组时态的区别: [来源:.Com] 1.一般过去时和过去完成时的区别 [来源:] 一般过去时是对现在说话时刻而言的，过去完成时则是对过去某一时间而言。两种时态 建立的时间参照点不同。过去完成时的时间状语常用 by 和 because 引导的短语表示。 2.过去完成时与现在完成时的区别 [来源:Z_xx_k.Com] 两种时态都常与表示一段时间的状语连用。现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有 关的动作（句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语），而过去完成时表示的是在过去某时之前 已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作（句中有表示过去特定时间的状语）。 【活学活用】 10.单项填空 1)When Mark opened the door,he saw a woman standing there.He ________ her before. A.never saw B.had never seen C.never sees D.has never seen 答案：B 前面的句子使用了过去时态，而 before 则表示时间是在“过去的过去”，故用 过去完成时。 2)I can’t see any coffee in this cupboard. ________? A.Has it all been finished B.Was it all finished C.Has it all finished D.Did it all finish 答案：A 句子的语言环境是现在时态。it 指 coffee，故用被动语态。问句关心的是现 在还有没有 coffee，要用完成时态。 3)The coffee is wonderful！It doesn’t taste like anything I ________ before. A.was having B.have C.have ever had D.had ever had 答案：C 前面的句子使用了现在时态，而 before 则表示时间是在“过去”，侧重于对现 在的影响，故用现 在完成时。 4)—Did you tell Julia about the result? —Oh,no,I forgot.I ________ her now. [来源:学+科+网 Z+X+X+K] A.will be calling B.will call C.call D.am to call 答案：B will 表示主观意愿。 5)Scientists think that the continents ________ always where they ________ today. A.aren’t;are B.aren’t;were C.weren’t;are D.weren’t;were 答案：C today 表明第二个空使用现在时态。又因为全句是把不同时期的 continents 位 置对比，所以选 C 项。 6)By the time Jane gets home,her aunt ________ for London to attend a mee ting. A.will leave B.leaves C.will have left D.left 答案：C by 短语常与完成时连用，gets home 是用现在表将来，所以主句用将来完成 时。 7)Professor Smith,along with his assistants,__________ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. A.work B.working C.is working D.are working 答案：C 谓语要与前面的主语一致。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行的动作。 8)—What’s wrong with your coat? —Just now when I wanted to get off the bus,the man next to me __________ on it. A.sat B.had sat C.had been sitting D.was sitting 答案：D 注意时间状语表示的是过去时，而主句的动作又是延续性的。 9)—What are you going to do this afternoon? —I am going to the cinema with some friends.The film __________ quite early,so we __________ to the bookstore after that. A.finished;are going B.finished;go [来源:学。科。网 Z。X。X。K] C.finishes;are going D.finishes;go 答案：C 答语中已经出现了 am going to 结构，第二个空谈论的是看完电影后的打算， 故仍用此结构。因电影的放映时间是确定的，所以用一般现在时。 10)Years ago we didn’t know this,but recent science __________ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill. A.showed B.has shown [来源:] C.will show D.is showing 答案：B 全句侧重于科学研究的结果造成的影响。 11)Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasn’t stopped ringing.People __________ to ask how I am going to spend the money. A.phone B.will phone C.were phoning D.are phoning 答案：D 现在进行时表示这段时间正在进行的动作。本题表示动作的反复。 12)He was hoping to go abroad but his parents __________ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank. A.were deciding B.have decided C.decided D.will decide 答案：B 注意 but 的使用及后面从句中的将来时态，可判定他父母现在已决定。